C-V2X Market Report. April A special report based on GSA s continuous LTE and 5G research programme

Transcription

1 C-V2X Market Report A special report based on GSA s continuous LTE and 5G research programme April

2 Introduction Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology enables equipped vehicles to communicate with other devices in their surroundings those carried by pedestrians, other vehicles, or devices embedded in road traffic systems. V2X promises to make the roads safer for all users and more convenient for drivers by enabling a wide range of new safety, information and entertainment applications. The V2X concept encompasses several sub-categories of application, each with their own commonly used names. These are Vehicle to (transport) Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P), Vehicle to Network (V2N), and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V). Over the past couple of years, investment in V2X has been steadily increasing with operators and governmental bodies planning and carrying out trials and developing and building test sites and/or required infrastructure. We are have also seen tests of V2X on public streets in large-scale or city-wide trials such as in China and South Korea. Increasing interest in 5G for C-V2X Two technologies are in the running to be deployed in V2X systems. The first to emerge was WiFi-based p. Versions of this technology have been lined up to underpin traffic safety systems in the US (using DSRC) and Europe (under the auspices of the Intelligent Traffic Systems [ITS] initiative) for some time. More recently however, it has become clear that V2X systems using 3GPP-based LTE and 5G have a lot to offer, and proponents argue it is better placed than p to meet the communications needs of V2X systems. This report does not compare the two. It is focused entirely on the development of the ecosystem around the 3GPP-based V2X technologies using LTE and in the future 5G. This report also focuses exclusively on trials and investments by the likely ultimate V2X technology buyers telecoms network operators and government/public sector organisations. Vendors have initiated a variety of proof-of-concept demonstrations and lab trials. As this report is focused on assessing market traction, those vendor-led projects are not included in our counts and analysis below, unless a network operator or government/public sector buyer is involved. A variety of terms are used to refer to vehicle to everything technology. In this report we use C-V2X (cellular vehicle-to-everything) to refer to technology that conforms to the 3GPP Release 14 or later specifications only. For earlier cellular-based V2X technology, or for those cases where it is unclear if the 2

3 technology meets 3GPP Release 14 specifications, we use the generic term V2X. The 3GPP V2X and C-V2X ecosystem is developing rapidly. Overview of the market 19 organisations are trialling or planning to trial LTE- or 5G-based V2X technologies GSA has identified: 19 unique operators or governmental bodies leading planned or actual trials of LTE- or 5G-based V2X technologies. 14 planned or completed trials carried out using 5G technology. 43 pre-commercial and commercial automotive-grade modules supporting LTE for V2X. One 3GPP Release 14 compliant C-V2X chipset. 5G is playing an increasingly large part in trials and testing as operators and others investigate its potential for low-latency C-V2X. There are further 5G trials of C-V2X planned for Technology overview C-V2X has a clear evolutionary plath to 5G C-V2X uses 3GPP standardised 4G LTE or the emerging 5G mobile cellular connectivity to send and receive signals from a vehicle to other vehicles, pedestrians or to fixed objects such as traffic lights in its surroundings. It commonly uses the 5.9 GHz frequency band to communicate this being the officially designated intelligent transport system (ITS) frequency in most countries. C-V2X can function without network assistance and has a range that exceeds a mile. In 2014, 3GPP Release 13 spurred studies to test the applicability of the then current standards to V2X. This resulted in the current 3GPP Release 14 standards which define C-V2X communications. Cellular-based V2X communication has a clear technology evolution path with 3GPP standards expected to be released in 2018 for 5G-based C-V2X networks and systems. It will likely include enhanced V2X specifications that strengthen safety applications and contain improvements that could reduce latency to 1ms. Operator and government investments Operator and government investment in C-V2X technologies and systems continues to grow. The investment takes a variety of forms and includes trials of 4G LTE, LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G networks, and hybrid projects that combine p/DSRC with C-V2X. 3

4 GSA analysis has identified 19 unique operators or governmental bodies leading planned or actual trials of V2X, and 14 planned or completed trials carried out using 5G technology. Recent highlights include: In January 2018, South Korean operator KT announced that it is conducting field trials with a 45-seat autonomous bus that utilises 5G and LTE-based C-V2X technology for applications such as collision avoidance and red-light awareness. KT plans to commercialise the bus following further testing in Pangyo Zero City later in GNR-V2X platooning trial demonstrated latency of 1ms and % reliability In February 2018, Spanish mobile operator Telefonica and Chinese network equipment vendor Huawei announced results of a proofof-concept of 5G-V2X for ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) using the latest 3GPP New Radio (NR) standards. The companies demonstrated 5G-NR V2X for vehicle platooning and showed % reliability with a 1ms latency. There are numerous government-backed large-scale projects, such as the Chinese initiative Wuxi IoV Phase 2, that involve collaboration between various local and national governmental bodies, industry and telecoms players to create a city-wide test bed to trial vehicle-to-infrastructure and smart-traffic management systems on city highways and government sites. A notable trend is the rise in investment in construction or development of test sites/test beds with V2X mentioned explicitly as at least one technology that will be tested. Vodafone UK and China Mobile are examples of operators doing this. Table 1: Investments in C-V2X technology by governments and mobile operators Organisation Operator, government or both Country Details ConnectEast Both Australia Autonomous vehicles tested on ConnectEast's toll road in Melbourne. Telstra Both Australia Trials of V2X focusing on V2P for cyclist and pedestrian warnings. Also, previously tested V2V and V2I using LTE. 4

5 Organisation Operator, government or both Country Details China Mobile Both China Launching phase two of a city-wide C-V2X project in Wuxi. The project will enable interaction between key road traffic infrastructure in Wuxi urban areas, a smart traffic management system and nextgeneration Internet-of-Vehicles information. Is also planning to test and develop C-V2X at a specially constructed test site. City of Shanghai Government China Test bed to be built for trials of 5G URLLC in C-V2X in Shanghai. Langfang City Government China City-wide trials of cellular-based ITS Ministries of Transport for France, Austria, Spain, Portugal Government EU C-ITS project connecting 300 vehicles on 2000km of roads using V2X technology. Orange Both France Plan to test 4G and 5G technology for V2X applications. Is also involved in the EU's 5GCAR project. Deutsche Telekom Operator Germany Trials of 5G and LTE for V2V on the A9 autobahn test bed. Vodafone Operator Germany Trials of C-V2X on the A9 autobahn and separate tests of its use for driver assistance functions. HKT Operator Hong Kong Demonstration of C-V2X at Hong Kong Science Park using 2.6 GHz band for V2I and 5.9 GHz band for V2V. KDDI Operator Japan Demonstrated 5G base station handover on a car travelling 190 km/h in South Korea. NTT Docomo Operator Japan Researching and developing C-V2X networks with a focus on 5G inclusion. Trials of HD video transmission. Planned trial in 2018 of C-V2X on the 5.9 GHz band. Softbank Operator Japan Planned 5G C-V2X trials. Government of the Netherlands Government Netherlands Initiative to develop and deploy a C-ITSconnected cloud platform that uses LTEbased V2X for traffic management. KT Operator South Korea SK Telecom Both South Korea Has permission to test a C-V2X capable bus on public roads. It has already completed a four-hour test drive. Is also testing LTE-V2X- DSRC hybrid system. Trials at K-City of 5G for C-V2X. 5G test-track trials. 5

6 Organisation Operator, government or both Country Details Telefonica Operator Spain Demonstrated URLLC can provide % reliability with latency of 1ms through a 5GNR C-V2X network. Vodafone Both UK Planned development of a test site for V2X trials, among others. AT&T Both USA On-vehicle V2X module demoed. Planned 125-mile long test bed for V2X testing. Planned 2018 trial of C-V2X in San Diego, USA. Figure 1 below shows that investment in V2X by operators and governments is currently being driven by developed countries, plus China. Note that various cross-border EU projects are not shown in the map. Figure 1: Countries investing in V2X 6

7 Use cases of V2X in trials Despite the unifying themes of increasing driver, passenger and pedestrian safety and enhancing traffic management and flow, the use cases of V2X are many and varied. Some of the more commonly tested applications include: Collision avoidance includes left/right turn assist, intersection movement assist, queue warning and emergency electronic brake lights. These are all designed to enable drivers to avoid hitting or being hit by other cars. This is the most common category planned to be or having been tested in trials. Realtime situational awareness refers to the vehicle receiving information about lane closures, traffic, roadworks and other conditions which could affect the driver. Vulnerable road user is the category for technologies that enable pedestrians and cyclists and vehicles to interact. Vehicle monitoring enables remote monitoring of vehicle health. See-through allows vehicles to share camera images of the road ahead to those behind. Sensor sharing provides a means to share HD sensor data for better coordination with other vehicles. Autonomous vehicle applications include real time HD maps. Infotainment can be used for live streaming 4K or other UHD content to or from the vehicle. Emergency vehicle warning alerts the driver to an approaching emergency vehicle. Base station handover is being tested for 5G networks. Figure 2 shows the mix of applications tested in V2X trials to date (where data in known). 7

8 Figure 2: V2X applications being (or planned to be) tested in trials (base = 27) Mobile communications technology The recent surge of announcements from mobile network operators of 5G launch dates and trials is reflected in the trials and planned trials of 5G-only C-V2X technologies. Trials using LTE only have taken a backseat to trials including LTE and 5G, or only of 5G, in recent months. Interestingly there are also a few LTE DSRC Hybrid trials where both networks are being trialled together for V2X. Figure 3 shows the distribution of trials by communications technology. 8

9 Figure 3: Planned or completed V2X trials by different mobile technologies, where data is known (base = 24) Regulation In the European Union, a concerted effort is being made to develop Connected Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) that utilise the 5.9 GHz band designated by the EU for C-ITS applications. It is still undecided if this will utilise DSRC or C-V2X technologies, or whether both will co-exist in the 5.9 GHz band. It has an ongoing project, called C-ROADS, testing a variety of ITS applications in and between various member states. In November 2016, the EU developed an European Strategy on C-ITS to speed the research, trialling and deployment of investments and regulation across the EU. By the end of 2018 the EU plans to have C-ITS related legal frameworks in place. It has stated it wishes to avoid a divided market where some operators are using cellular-based communication while others are using DSRC. Historically, the USA s position has leaned towards the use of dedicated shortrange communication (DSRC) which is based on p standard. DSRC uses the 5.9 GHz band ( GHz) which was reserved for DSRC V2X communications by the government in In 2016, the US Department of Transportation proposed making DSRC compulsory in all new vehicles. However, in November 2017 this item s importance was downgraded by the newly installed Trump administration. 9

10 There is no timeframe set for it to be reviewed, leaving the US without any clear blueprint. There is an increasing ecosystem of vendors that are calling instead for technology neutrality so that LTE/5G can be used to deliver road safety services. In China, the situation is different. Its Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) has approved the use of the 5.9 GHz band for testing C-V2X networks. It has further signed cooperation agreements with various provincial and city-level governments to trial and develop LTE-V2X technologies. The National Development and Reform Commission of PRC released a draft development blueprint in January 2018 predicting that LTE-V2X technology will cover 90% of China s major cities and expressways by Some vehicle manufacturers have announced their positions on p or C-V2X technology. One such is BMW, which has said it supports the EC s hybrid p-based C-ITS and C-V2X solution. Some would be ready to take advantage of cellular-based communications. Ford, for example, plans to introduce 4G connectivity in every new car by Volkswagen, meanwhile, has declared that it will solely focus on p technology on all new models starting in Chipsets Qualcomm enters the race with its 9150 C-V2X chipset GSA has identified one chipset which explicitly supports 3GPP Release 14 C-V2X standards: Qualcomm s 9150 C-V2X chipset, which will use the 5.9 GHz ITS band. It is compatible with LTE and 5G technologies. The chipset, which will be available for commercial sampling in 2018, will also be integrated into the vendor s C-V2X reference design. This will include GNSS, an application processor running an ITS V2X stack and a security module to protect against attacks. The development of autonomous vehicles is creating a market for chipsets to deal with onboard processes such as image and sensor data processing. This could develop in line with, and become integrated with, C-V2X technologies, or alternatively could make C-V2X redundant for some applications. Examples are Nvidia s Drive PX platform that can create HD maps and plan a route ahead, or Intel with its Intel GO Automotive platform which handles C-V2X applications. We also know of the Skyworks SKY85761 RF front-end module, showing that companies are making the silicon to support the Release 14 C-V2X standards. 10

11 Modules There are 43 automotivegrade modules supporting LTE or 5G networks (including regional variants) GSA has identified 43 automotive-grade modules (i.e. those designed to meet the stringent standards required by the motor industry) supporting LTE or 5G networks for connected car applications. We have only included those that are compatible with LTE or better technology. We have excluded modules that only support DSRC, p, GPRS and 3G connectivity. It should be noted that not all the identified modules are compliant with the latest 3GPP Release 14 C-V2X standards. The recently announced Quectel and ZTE C-V2X modules will contain the Release-14-compliant Qualcomm 1950 C-V2X chipset. Datang s DMD31 module will also support the Release. Continental is evaluating Qualcomm s chipset for C-V2X applications and researching how to integrate its telematics solutions with 5G networks. Table 2: Automotive-grade pre-commercial and commercial modules (including regional variants) supporting V2X (LTE or above) Vendor Name Description Status Datang DMD31 Module for C-V2X/LTE-V Pre-commercial Gemalto ALS3 3GPP Release 9 compliant 4G module for automotive uses for EMEA, APAC, NORAM Gemalto ALS3-E 3GPP Release 9 compliant 4G module for automotive uses for Europe Gemalto ALS3-US 3GPP Release 9 compliant 4G module for automotive uses for the US Huawei ME909Tu-120 Automotive-grade LTE Cat 3 module for Europe Huawei ME909Tu-520 4G LTE module Huawei ME909Au-821 LTE Automotive module for China Huawei ME909u-521 Automotive-grade LTE Cat 3 module for European market Huawei ME909u-523 Automotive-grade LTE Cat 3 module for NA market Huawei ME909Tu-720 LTE module for Japan Kyocera AL-S5300NA-A2 LTE module for automotive uses for AT&T Kyocera AL-S5300NA-V1 LTE module for automotive uses for Verizon Neoway A70 Automotive-grade LTE module Quectel Unnamed Quectel plans a module using Planned Qualcomm's C-V2X chip Quectel AG35-CE LTE Cat 4 module supporting 3GPP Rel. 10 LTE for China 11

12 Vendor Name Description Status Quectel AG35-E LTE Cat 4 module supporting 3GPP Rel. 10 LTE for Europe Quectel AG35-NA LTE Cat 4 module supporting 3GPP Rel. 10 LTE for North America Sierra Wireless Sierra Wireless Sierra Wireless Sierra Wireless Sierra Wireless AirPrime AR7552 AirPrime AR7550 AirPrime AR7554 AirPrime AR7556 AirPrime AR7558 Automotive-grade module for AT&T Automotive-grade module for Verizon Automotive-grade module for EMEA, APAC Automotive-grade module for China and Japan Automotive-grade module for Sprint Simcom SIM7800 Automotive LTE grade module Pre-commercial Telit LE940A9 LTE-A Cat 9 module for automotive Telit LE940B6-NA Cat 6 LTE automotive-grade module Telit LE920A4 AUTO LTE Cat 4 automotive-grade modules Series u-blox TOBY-L LTE-A Cat 6 automotive-grade module or NA u-blox TOBY-L LTE-A Cat 6 automotive-grade module for Europe u-blox TOBY-L LTE-A Cat 6 automotive-grade module for APAC u-blox TOBY-L LTE-A Cat 6 automotive-grade module for China u-blox TOBY-L200 LTE Cat 4 automotive-grade module for Americas u-blox TOBY-L201 LTE Cat 4 automotive-grade module for Americas with ability to switch operator u-blox TOBY-L210 LTE Cat 4 automotive-grade module for Europe/Asia u-blox TOBY-L220 LTE Cat 4 automotive-grade module for Japan u-blox TOBY-L280 LTE Cat 4 automotive-grade module for South America/APAC Visteon Connectivity 4G connectivity module (announced in Planned Gateway 2015) Wistron UMC G Communication Module WNC Wistron WNC UMC-9240W 4G Communication Module 12

13 Vendor Name Description Status Wistron UMC G Communication Module WNC Wistron UMC-9250W 4G Communication Module WNC ZTE C-V2X module Contain's Qualcomm's 9150 chip. Uses Pre-commercial 5.9 GHz spectrum ZTE ZM5330 Automotive-grade LTE module ZTE VM6200 LTE communication module that can also act as LTE hotspot OBUs, RSUs and LTE WiFi routers In addition to modules, companies have also be producing on-board units (OBUs), which are installed in the vehicle, roadside units (RSUs) and devices which support LTE V2X communication. As with the module vendors, OBU and RSU vendors are also experimenting with Qualcomm s new C-V2X chipset. At the Consumer Electronics Show 2018, SWARCO subsidiary McCain demonstrated its C-V2X RSU featuring Qualcomm s C-V2X 1950 chipset that enables connected emergency vehicles to communicate with traffic lights. OKI is another company that plans to integrate Qualcomm s chipset into its RSU to show that C-V2X is a solution for V2I applications. The company plans to showcase its C-V2X RSU during an upcoming NTT DoCoMo C-V2X trial. Table 3 provides an outline of some of the products available in the market. Note that this is not an exhaustive list. Table 3: OBUs, RSUs and devices supporting LTE or above V2X Vendor Name Form factor and description Status CalAmp LMU-2630 OBU: fleet-tracking Chemtronics V2X OBU OBU: hybrid WAVE/LTE V2X Pre-commercial Commsignia RS4 RSU: DSRC/Cellular V2X Commsignia OB4 OBU: DSRC/Cellular V2X Kapsch RIS-9160 RSU: with optional 4G connectivity Leonardo NG-OBU OBU: LTE compatible OKI Unnamed RSU: plans to use Qualcomm s 9150 Planned C-V2X chipset in future RSU Savari MobiWAVE OBU: compatible with LTE and DSRC MW1000 technologies McCain Unnamed RSU: featuring Qualcomm s 9150 C-V2X chipset Demonstrated 13

14 Vendor Name Form factor and description Status Wieson 4G T-Box OBU: 4G-enabled, for diagnostics and testing Wieson 4G LTE Fin Antenna Roof-mounted antenna: 4G connectivity There are also several LTE-connectivity-based Wi-Fi routers designed for invehicle uses. Note that this is not an exhaustive list. Table 4: In-vehicle LTE WiFi routers Vendor Name Description Status Amit VHG760 Industrial grade in-vehicle 4G Wi-Fi router In-CarPC GX450 In-vehicle LTE Wi-Fi router In-CarPC IBR1100 Rugged in-vehicle LTE Wi-Fi router Kadako K531 LTE Wi-Fi router for mission critical environments Parallel Wireless Proroute HetNet Gateway Speedroute H820Q In-vehicle LTE Wi-Fi router Cat 6 LTE Wi-Fi router Proroute H685 In-vehicle LTE Wi-Fi router Sierra Wireless Teldat H2- Automotive+ MP70 In-vehicle LTE Wi-Fi router Rugged on-board 4G Wi-Fi router Teltonika RUT850 4G Wi-Fi router for vehicles Virtual Access GW1042 In-vehicle LTE Wi-Fi router Conclusion With the imminent arrival of new modules supporting Release 14 standards, significant governmental investment (especially in China) and the many operator trials underway, there is significant impetus behind C-V2X technologies using LTE and 5G networks. In the coming months, we can expect other chip manufacturers to get involved and launch Release 14 or above compliant chipsets, and the planned launch of 5G by some operators this year and next will provide a strong basis for further trials of 5G-based C-V2X technologies. GSA will continue to monitor the C-V2X market and ecosystem as it evolves. 14

15 About GSA GSA (the Global mobile Suppliers Association) is a not-for-profit industry organisation representing companies across the worldwide mobile ecosystem engaged in the supply of infrastructure, semiconductors, test equipment, devices, applications and mobile support services. GSA actively promotes the 3GPP technology road-map 3G, 4G, 5G and is a single source of information resource for industry reports and market intelligence. GSA Members drive the GSA agenda and define the communications and development strategy for the Association. Membership of GSA is open to any supplier of products; systems or services related to the mobile industry and brings many benefits including access to the GAMBoD and NTS database. The range of benefits includes enhanced discussion, networking and influencing opportunities on the key industry topics, and unique promotional/visibility opportunities for your company name, capabilities, positioning and messages. More details can be found at News/updates: RSS Feed: GSA LinkedIn group: LTE User Devices LinkedIn group: LTE-Unlicensed LinkedIn group: Twitter: Facebook: GSA/ Contact GSA Secretariat research@gsacom.com Tel: GSA website: NOTE: Errors and omission excepted 15