A Multi-link architecture for a global wireless Internet connectivity. Guillaume Bichot Thomson Corporate Research
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1 A Multi-link architecture for a global wireless Internet connectivity Guillaume Bichot Thomson Corporate Research 1
2 Content Multi-link technologies: state of the art Channel bonding Layer 2 multilink Layer 3 multilink Drawbacks Network Inter-working concept Always Best Connected (ABC) concept A multilink service The multilink gateway The tunneling method The multilink control protocol The multilink core network Advantages and issues Conclusion 2
3 Gateway Channel Bonding Increase bandwidth and throughput Simple technology Conventional Terminal Ethernet switch Channel bonding capable Virtual channel Channel bonding capable terminal Ethernet channel bonding LAN technology 3
4 Layer 2 MultiLink Enhanced reliability Increase bandwidth and throughput ML-PPP capable access multiplexer ML-PPP capable terminal Service provider Network 2 ISDN B Channels or 2 T1/E1 channels or 2 xdsl lines ML-PPP capable access multiplexer ML-PPP CPE terminal Multi-Link PPP (ML-PPP) MultiLink Frame Relay (MFR) Inverse Multiplexing over ATM (IMA) Service provider dependant 4
5 Layer 3 Multilink Enhanced reliability Increase bandwidth / ISP independent ML-gateway WEB server ISP D access gateway ISP C access gateway Internet ISP A access gateway any kind of broadband access technology DNS Server ML-gateway Multilink based on multi-homing (several home addresses) ISP B access gateway LAN terminal ML on session basis only ML inbound connections based on DNS 5
6 Unidirectional Link Routing (UDLR) Unidirectional networks used for bidirectional broadband access Application TCP/UDP BI UDLR UI UDLR gateway Satellite ISP access gateway Internet ISP access gateway WEB server UDLR Modem Return path: tunnel over a bi-directional network Application TCP/UDP BI UDLR UI terminal Based on RFC 3077: Link layer Tunneling Mechanism No inbound path selection One uplink access network 6
7 Multilink drawbacks Multi-homing How to deal with multiple home addresses Nomadicity and mobility How to deal with vertical roaming How to deal with service continuity Inbound connection No easy control of the inbound path selection Only possible through the usage of DNS 7
8 WLAN 3GPP Interworking A global AAA model for public broadband access Home AAA server Subscribers data base Home Network Billing Internet AAA Broker terminal Gateway Visited network WLAN AP Local AAA server Authorization Authentication Accounting based on IEEE 802.1x Several Initiatives (IEEE, 3GPP) in order to standardized the roaming model May not be adapted to different access network technologies 8
9 Always Best Connected (ABC) Always connected Through the Best access technology according to: User preferences Terminal capabilities Application requirement (qos) security Network resources Network policy Remote Terminal Corporate Network ABC Network Access Network Content adaptation Profile Handling Mobility Management AAA Support ABC Terminal Access Discovery & Selection ABC Model 9
10 A Multilink Service Access network C Multi-link Network Access network A Access network B PDA Combining state of the art multilink technologies lead to a new network service 10
11 The Multilink Gateway The ML Gateway provides tunnel selection mechanism for downlink traffic Application TCP/UDP Multilink Link/phy layer ML gateway One logical link composed with several tunnels ISP C access gateway Internet ISP A access gateway WEB server ISP B access gateway Application TCP/UDP Multilink Link B ML terminal Acts as the access network multiplexer Aggregates tunnels Link A 11
12 The Tunneling Method GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) provides a pseudo Ethernet link over several access links WEB server Appli TCP Link Phy M ulti-link Gateway TCP/UDP Ethernet GRE Link Phy M ulti-link Control Control M ultilink Internet M ulti-link Control 3GPP Phy The tunneling method is based on LLTM M ulti-link terminal TCP/UDP Ethernet GRE WiMAx m ulti-link ISP ISP 1 12
13 The Multilink Control Protocol Authentication, Authorization Accounting May be distributed over access networks based on a global AAA inter-working framework Address assignment Multilink service provider (home) address Security material Encryption Backup multilink gateway Link discovery Availability and performance testing User profile (preferences) 13
14 The Multilink core network ML gateway PDA ML gateway Multilink Core Network Multilink (logical) link ML gateway ML terminal The ML gateways are interconnected through either dedicated links or Internet 14 Provides scalability and reliability Enhanced efficiency (e.g. ML gateway located in ISP networks)
15 Advantages and issues Link selection Real inbound and outbound path selection possible On a packet or session basis Driven by User profile links availability and QOS Application type Operates any access networks PAN (bluetooth) LAN (WiFi) WAN (WiMAX, 3GPP) Multi-homing and Mobility Inherently solved Distributed AAA ABC selection mechanism May be complicated to develop Tunneling method Efficiency (overhead) Service continuity Vertical handover 15
16 Conclusion A multilink network architecture ISP neutral Access network transparent Automatic link selection For outbound as well inbound traffic Provides bandwidth gain QOS friendly Always Best Connected Particularly suited for wireless (mobile) connectivity A wireless (mobile) device should gather several interfaces E.G. Bluetooth, WiFi, cellular (3GPP), WiMAX 16
17 Multilink UDLR References «Inverse multiplexing over ATM» - Quick Eagle Networks «Multilink technology white paper» - Stonesoft «The PPP Multilink protocol» IETF RFC 1990 «A link layer tunneling mechanism for unidirectional links (LLTM)» - IETF RFC 3077 Multihoming «Integrating security, mobility and multi-homing in a H way» - Pekka Nikander, Jukka Ylitalo, Jorna Wall Ericsson Research Always Best Connected (ABC) «Always Best Connected» - Eva Gustafsson, Amika Johson Ericsson Research «On access selection techniques in Always Best Connected networks» - Gàbor Fodor, Anders Furuskär, Joahan Lundsj Ericsson Research Cellular (3GPP) WLAN (WiFi) interworking «Interworking techniques and architectures for WLAN/3G integration towards 4G Mobile data networks» Apostolis K. Salkintzis 17
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