Virtual power plants with VHPready: Protocols, security and data aspects

Transcription

1 Virtual power plants with VHPready: Protocols, security and data aspects Klaus-Dieter Walter Executive Board Member, Industry Alliance VHPready e. V. 1

2 AGENDA Intro: Introduction to VHPready e. V. and virtual power plants (VPP) Building Blocks: VHPready technology building blocks Connections: Physical and logical connection to decentralized energy systems Use Case: VHPready use case 2

3 WHAT IS VHPREADY? The virtual heat and power specification (VHPready 4.0) addresses the integration of electrical and thermal energy systems into a Virtual Power Plant. A virtual power plant is a network of decentralized and heterogeneous energy systems, monitored and controlled by a central control room (control center) VHPready specifies the protocol between control room and any kind of energy system (solar, wind, batteries, heat pumps, micro CHP, biomass plants, process heater ) VHPready is based on Internet and IEC technologies 3

4 VHPREADY THE STANDARD FOR NETWORKING DECENTRALIZED ENERGY SYSTEMS Industry driven standard for networking and control of decentralized energy systems VHPready based on proven technology (several virtual power plants based on VHPready already operational) IP and IEC-based communications and security functions TCP / IP VHPready4.0 TLS 1.2 encryption SNTP / NTP for time synchronization IEC (object oriented) IEC (signal oriented) Currently optimized for trading and balancing energy/power demand-response, flexibility, decentralized intelligence, on development road map 4

5 HETEROGENEOUS, DECENTRALIZED AND INDUSTRY DRIVEN VHPready is being developed by member companies of completely different size and industries Communications Technologies (e.g. Kisters, Bosch, SAE IT-Systems, Schneider, WAGO, ) Control Center Software (e.g. 3P Automation, Kuhse, NEST, Lichtblick, energy & meteo, ) Testing & Certification (e.g. TÜV Rheinland, DNV-GL, VPC, ) Systems and Components (e.g. 2G, Görlitz, SSV, Viessmann, tiani Spirit, Sonnen, Younicos, ) DSO and TSO Network Operators (e.g. 50Hertz, Berlin Energie, State Grid China, ) Public Utilities (e.g. GASAG, WSW, Berliner Energie Agentur, ) Virtual Power Plant Operators (e.g. Vattenfall, E.ON, NEXT Kraftwerke, Rhein Energie, ) Research & Development (e.g. Fraunhofer, Beck IPC, P3, Kuhse, ) 5

6 MEMBERS 6

7 VHPREADY INDUSTRY ALLIANCE AND SERVICES COMPANY Industrieforum VHPready e.v. was founded in 2014 by 15 companies VHPready specification was initially launched in 2012 by Vattenfall All rights and working results have been completely transferred to the registered association Industrieforum VHPready e.v. The current specification VHPready 4.0 was published in September 2015 and accepted by all members in December 2015 The service company VHPready Services GmbH was founded in May 2015 Fully-owned subsidiary with office in Berlin (EUREF Campus) Assists in operational activities (general assembly, workshops, trade fairs, working groups, ) Carries out the certification in accordance with the VHPready Standard Supports implementation of the VHPready within customers system environment 7

8 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Industry Alliance VHPready e.v. Executive Board: Fraunhofer, Lichtblick, SSV, State Grid China, Vattenfall Members WG-Head Working Groups: Institutional Area: Technical refinement and enhancement of VHPready VHPready Services GmbH Management Certification and pre-qualification International marketing and standardization 8

9 WORKING GROUPS WG1: Technical refinement and enhancement WG2: Certification and pre-qualification WG3: International marketing and standardization Technical refinement and enhancement of VHPready (WG1) Head: Mr. Eike Arndt, energy & meteo systems GmbH, Co-leader: N.N. Certification and pre-qualification (WG2) Head: Mr. Hartmut Bauer, 50Hertz Transmission GmbH, Co-leader: N.N. International marketing and standardization (WG3) Head: Mr. Ulrich Hempen, WAGO Kontakttechnik GmbH & Co. KG Co-leader: Dr. Weilin Liu, State Grid GEIRI Europe 9

10 VHPREADY AND THE ENERGIEWENDE Mayor driving factor for the Energiewende is climate change! 1.5 Mio. solar systems wind power plants, biomass power plants Electrical power by renewables 2016*** Stromerzeugung in TWh ,3 Onshore-Windkraft 30,7 44,9 Biomasse 14,8 38,1 Photovoltaik 2,2 20,5 Wasserkraft* 20 5,9 Hausmüll** 3,9 10 Quelle: BDEW; ZSW ID 37612

11 VHPREADY AND THE ENERGIEWENDE Future energy system is decentralized, digital and IT based (Germany adopted in 2016 law for the digitization of the energy turnaround ) Many activities regarding smart metering but nearly no public effort on Virtual Power Plants A significant effort (time and cost) is required to integrate new systems into the energy network International communication standard for set up, monitoring and control of decentralized energy system (electricity/heat, production/consumption/storage) was missing was born 11

12 VIRTUAL POWER PLANT (VPP) The target architecture of a VPP can be divided into three layers: Business layer Technical operation layer Distributed local process and control layer Control Center: Business and technical operation layer Technical Unit: Distributed local process and control layer Source: PWC Study: VPP - Markets and Technology's 12

13 VIRTUAL POWER PLANT (VPP) Business layer: Compares market demands against asset availability, cost against market prices Runs business processes to generate the commercial performance optimum Technical operation layer: IT environment with various software modules (forecasting, monitoring, optimization ) Forecasting: Optimize and dispatch generators, loads, batteries, heat pumps (technical units) Distributed local process and control layer: Monitoring channel: Delivers input (current condition of the decentralized energy system, remote meter readings) to the upper layer Control channel: Receive full dispatch schedule or dispatch schedule broken down into individual target values from upper TECH & IoT Source: PWC Study: VPP - Markets and Technology's 13

14 VHPREADY BUILDING BLOCKS The VHPready 4.0 specification is based on three main building blocks: Protocols: IEC , IEC , TCP/IP, SNTP and NTP Security: TLS-based, OpenVPN with X.509 certificates... Data points for different energy systems: CHP systems, windmills, solar power plants, battery systems 14

15 VHPREADY BUILDING BLOCKS Example: Any application with the IEC protocol will have a master and slaves IEC act as a TCP/IP application protocol with an own message format The RTU (TCP server) use a static IP address within VPN tunnel The master will constantly monitor and control the slaves through the VPN tunnel VHPready describe different message types for the command and monitor 15

16 VHPREADY BUILDING BLOCKS SNTP/NTP server: The VPP operation needs a time synchronization between CC and TUs VHPready 4.0 specifies NTP (Network Time Protocol) or SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) for the time synchronization The VHPready SNTP/NTP server has to run within the closed user group. There is no external time sync connection to Internet-based SNTP/NTP servers allowed 16

17 VHPREADY BUILDING BLOCKS OpenVPN server: Double security closed user group plus virtual private network (VPN) The communication link between CC, TU, time server and other systems within the closed user group has to be secured by OpenVPN with TLS 1.2 The center of the OpenVPN infrastructure is the OpenVPN server The admin for this server is a member of the CC team or a service provider for the CC All members within the VPN need a valid X.509 certificate issued by the OpenVPN server 17

18 VHPREADY BUILDING BLOCKS 18

19 VHPREADY BUILDING BLOCKS Update server: The technical unit (VHPready gateway) has to be patchable Why patchable? Typically a patch will add a new feature, fix a bug (e. g. security problem) software process with continuous delivery (CD) Important points: OTA, root of trust, update strategy: full binary, diff file, A/B 19

20 VHPREADY BUILDING BLOCKS Security: The (vulnerable) virtual power plant a new cybercrime/cyberwarfare target? Cyber-attacks on the power grid include malware-spreading campaigns that can shut down systems Russian hackers have developed a cyber weapon that can disrupt power grids, according to The Washington Post (June 2017). Closed user group without Internet connection prevent that VHPready gateways will be part of a 20

21 VHPREADY DATA POINTS Data points for different energy systems: CHP systems, windmills, solar power plants 21

22 VHPREADY CONNECTIONS VHPready interface retrofit: Each different energy system type offer a special interface The gateway is the endpoint for the security and the IEC , IEC , TCP/IP, SNTP and NTP protocols Serial link to the energy system controller (PLC link) Discrete I/Os to the energy system PLC I/O lines Future plans: Internal embedded system 22

23 VHPREADY CONNECTIONS Gateway to the device controller of different energy systems: Physical: Security of VHPready 4.0 allows only non TCP-based serial links (IEC 101, Modbus RTU) or discrete I/O lines Logical: How to connect the gateway data to the device controller data (similar problem as the Internet of Things and Industrial Internet of Use open source Internet of Things tools: E. g. Node-RED, the Internet of Things wiring tool 23

24 VHPREADY CONNECTIONS Node-RED-based VHPready gateway implementation with protocols and data points: Different data point sets for CHPs, windmills... One node for one data point Wired to a PLC protocol or discrete I/O Functions nodes for data format change Each node is patchable Easy to add debugging 24

25 INFORMATION SOURCES VHPready e. V. website: PWC Study Virtual power plants: market and technology Analyticbridge: A Data Science Central Community Schneider Electric Blog 25

26 INFORMATION SOURCES SSV forum: VHPready: HBR: Porter, Heppelmann. How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition Interpol Cybercrime Website: FBI Cybercrime Website: Node-RED: IoT wiring tool: The Coming of Virtual Power Plants: Bud YouTube Alliander Virtual Power YouTube VPP's Virtual Power Plant Solution VPP YouTube 26

27 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION VHPready target: VPP connectivity standard specification to connect the CC and TE processes Current version VHPready 4.0: Optimized for trading and balancing energy/power The VPP architecture consist of a business layer, technical operation layer and the distributed local process and control layer VHPready building block: Protocols, security, data points VHPready connections (the IoT helps to be flexible) VPP technology prediction I: Next VPP generations are IoT-based VPP technology prediction II: RTUs will be smart, connected systems 27

28 HOW TO JOIN VHPREADY PLUG EVENT- CONNECT & CREATE JUNE 6, 2018 IN BERLIN EUREF CAMPUS, D BERLIN TECH LAB TRY OUT AND LIVE EXPERIENCE functional workshop sessions with technical experts Successful VHPready use cases Test of Interoperability between different units Coding sessions CONFERENCE LEARN MORE Standardization in a digital energy market Regulatory framework & future market design Customer and markets, Smart energy solutions EXPOSITION MEET & GREAT Smart energy technologies, products & services IT- and technical experts, System operator, supplier, smart energy professionals, business developer, CEO 28

29 HOW TO JOIN Industry Alliance VHPready e. V. is open for new members! If you are interested just contact or visit / Thank You For Your Attention 29