Wide Area Networking using Frame Relay Cloud

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Wide Area Networking using Frame Relay Cloud 1 Amlan Basu, 2 Kundan Kumar Jha, 3 Sumit Mohanty 1 Student, Department of Electronics and Communication,ITM University 2 Student, Department of

1 Wide Area Networking using Frame Relay Cloud 1 Amlan Basu, 2 Kundan Kumar Jha, 3 Sumit Mohanty 1 Student, Department of Electronics and Communication,ITM University 2 Student, Department of Electronics and Communication,ITM University 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, ITM University Abstract Now a days the networking area is getting more and more advanced as it has become the reason for the formation of many other technologies like cloud computing which includes wide area networking, the field which actually requires more advancement and also lots of advancement, for that we have surveyed so as to improve its robustness, security etc. Keywords wide area network, frame relay cloud, router, ISDN, PVC, fast packet technology I. INTRODUCTION A computer network is a system where two or more computer and/or compatible computing devices are interconnected to share or exchange information. The computers and other compatible devices are connected via communication devices to whom we can also call transmission media because the information or data is transmitted within the network through these devices (1). Within the computer networks, the communication can be referred to as the process in which the data, information, or instructions are transmitted/ transferred (2). The data today can be in any format including text, images, or even multimedia (audio/video) (3). II. WIDE AREA NETWORK A Wide Area Network also called WAN, covers long distance transmission of data/information. This long distance may comprise many cities, a country, a continent, or even whole of the world(4). When we compare the WAN with LANs, there is entirely different scenario, While LANs are dependent on their own hardware for data transmission, WANs utilize public, privately held communications equipment, or even leased ones.(4) III. ROUTER Routers are small physical devices that join multiple networks together. Technically, a router is a Layer 3 gateway device, meaning that it connects two or more networks and that the router operates at the network layer of the OSI model. It is also an embedded system that has IOS (internet operating syatem in it). The cost of router is very high(5). Home networks typically use a wireless or wired Internet Protocol (IP) router, IP being the most common OSI network layer protocol. An IP router such as a DSL or cable modem broadband router joins the home's local area network (LAN) to the wide-area network (WAN) of the Internet(5). Routers are physical devices that join multiple wired or wireless networks together. Technically, a wired or wireless router is a Layer 3 gateway, meaning that the wired/wireless router connects networks (as gateways do), and that the router operates at the network layer of the OSI model(6). Home networkers often use an Internet Protocol (IP) wired or wireless router, IP being the most common OSI network layer protocol. An IP router such as a DSL or cable modem broadband router joins the home's local area network (LAN) to the wide-area network (WAN) of the Internet (7). By maintaining configuration information in a piece of storage called the routing table, wired or wireless routers also have the ability to filter traffic, either incoming or outgoing, based on the IP addresses of senders and receivers(8). Some routers allow the home networker to update the routing table from a Web browser interface. Broadband routers combine the functions of a router with those of a network switch and a firewall in a single unit (9). Modes of Router: 1.User executive mode Syntax: Router > 2.Previlage mode Syntax : Router# 3.Global configuration Syntax: Router(config)# 80

2 4.Interface mode or line console mode Syntax: Router(config if/line)# 5.Sub interface mode Syntax: Router(config-subif)# Router(config)#ip address To reboot router: Router#reload Commands for router: 1.To enable the router: Router > enable 2.To disable the router: Router# disable 3.To show physical interface of router: Router#show ip interface brief 4.To show the command present in RAM of router: Router#show running-config 5.To show the command present in NVRAM of router: Router#show startup-config 6.To save command from RAM to NVRAM of the router: Router#copy running-config startup-config 7.To erase command present in NVRAM of router: Router#erase startup-config 8.To move on global configuration mode from previlage mode of router: Router#config terminal Router(config)# 9.To change host name of the router: Router(config)#hostname hcl 10.To set service password: Router(config)#enable password hcl 11.To encrypt service password: Router(config)#service password-encryption 12.To set secret password to router: Router(config)#enable secret <password> 13.To show time: Router#show clock 14.To set time in router: Router#clock set 00:00:00 dd monthname yyyy 15.To set the console password: Router(config)#line console 0 Router(config-line)#password 123 Router(config-line)#login 16.To set banner to the router: Router(config)#banner motd*banner title* 17.To remove password: Router(config)#no enable secret password Router(config)#no enable service password 18.To enable fastethernet of router: Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 Router(config)#no shutdown 19.To assign ip address to fastethernet: Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 81 IV. STATIC ROUTING: It is the process in which the router are predefined by the network administrator. It is secured than dynamic routing. It generally increases network administrator overload. Static routing used when very few devices to configure (<5) and when we know the router will probably never change. >> [Syntax: Router(config)#ip route destination NID subnet mask next hop] >> [HOP:In computer networking.a hop represents one portion of the path between source and destination] (7) DEFAULT ROUTING: A default routing also known as the gateway of last resort,is the network routes used by a router when no other known route exists for a given IP packet s destination address (6). All the packets for destination not known by the router s routing table are sent to the default route (7). >> [Syntax:Router(config)#ip route next hop] (2) V. DYANMIC ROUTING: RIP is a distance vector routing protocol, which employs the hop count as a routing metric. (6) RIP prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from the source to a destination.v(7) The maximum number of hops allowed for RIP is 15 (1).

3 The hold down ime is 180 seconds (1). RIP router transmitted full updates every 30 seconds (2). There are 3 versions of the RIP: RIP V1,RIP V2,RIPng.(1) VI. FRAME RELAY CLOUD Frame relay is a telecommunication service designed for cost-efficient data transmission for intermittent traffic between local area networks and between endpoints in a wide area network.(3) Frame relay is a telecommunication service designed for cost-efficient data transmission for intermittent traffic between local area networks (LANs) and between end-points in a wide area network (WAN). Frame relay puts data in a variable-size unit called a frame and leaves any necessary error correction (retransmission of data) up to the end-points, which speeds up overall data transmission. For most services, the network provides a permanent virtual circuit (PVC), which means that the customer sees a continuous, dedicated connection without having to pay for a full-time leased line, while the service provider figures out the route each frame travels to its destination and can charge based on usage. An enterprise can select a level of service quality - prioritizing some frames and making others less important. Frame relay is offered by a number of service providers, including AT&T. Frame relay is provided on fractional T-1 or full T-carrier system carriers. Frame relay complements and provides a mid-range service between ISDN, which offers bandwidth at 128 Kbps, and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), which operates in somewhat similar fashion to frame relay but at speeds from Mbps or Mbps.(3) Frame relay is based on the older X.25 packetswitching technology which was designed for transmitting analog data such as voice conversations. Unlike X.25 which was designed for analog signals, frame relay is a fast packet technology, which means that the protocol does not attempt to correct errors. When an error is detected in a frame, it is simply "dropped." (thrown away). The end points are responsible for detecting and retransmitting dropped frames. (However, the incidence of error in digital networks is extraordinarily small relative to analog networks.) (3) Frame relay is often used to connect local area networks with major backbones as well as on public wide area networks and also in private network environments with leased lines over T-1 lines. It requires a dedicated connection during the transmission period. It's not ideally suited for voice or video transmission, which requires a steady flow of transmissions. However, under certain circumstances, it is used for voice and video transmission.(3) Frame relay relays packets at the Data Link layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model rather than at the Network layer. A frame can incorporate packets from different protocols such as Ethernet and X.25. It is variable in size and can be as large as a thousand bytes or more.(3) Frame Relay is an ITU-T (CCITT) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) defined standard that outlines sending data over a public network.(2) VII. FRAME RELAY COMPONENTS You should be familiar with several Frame Relay components before going through the Frame Relay interface configuration process: Data-link connection identifier (DLCI) This is a number that identifies the logical circuit between the router and the Frame Relay switch. The Frame Relay switch maps the DLCIs between each pair of routers to create a PVC. DLCIs have local significance in that the identifier references the point between the local router and the Frame Relay switch to which it is connected. Thus, the same (or different) DLCI numbers can be used on both ends and it still would work properly.(2) Permanent virtual circuit (PVC) This is a virtual circuit that is permanently established. A PVC is an end-to-end path (that is, router-to-router path through a Frame Relay cloud). One or more DLCIs form a PVC in a Frame Relay network. PVCs save bandwidth associated with the establishment and teardown of circuits. (2) Local Management Interface (LMI) This is a signaling standard between the router device and the Frame Relay switch that is responsible for managing the connection and maintaining status between the devices. (2) NOTE: Not all Frame Relay terminology is reviewed here. Frame Relay is a useful technology, and there are several different applications of Frame Relay. Again, we will review only what is needed to complete the lab. (2) VIII. FRAME RELAY ADDRESS MAPPINGS: An important part of Frame Relay is the mapping of IP addresses to DLCIs. Two methods exist for Cisco routers to form these mappings: 82

Frame Relay Inverse ARP (dynamic) : A packetswitched technology that made its debut in the early 1990s, Frame Relay is a high-performance Data Link and Physical layer specification.

4 Frame Relay Inverse ARP (dynamic) : A packetswitched technology that made its debut in the early 1990s, Frame Relay is a high-performance Data Link and Physical layer specification. It s pretty much a suc- cessor to X.25, except that much of the technology in X.25 that used to compensate for physical errors (noisy lines) has been eliminated. An upside to Frame Relay is that it can be more cost effective than point-to-point links; plus, it typically runs at speeds of 64Kbps up to 45Mbps (T3). Another Frame Relay benefit is that it provides features for dynamic bandwidth alloca- tion and congestion control. (2) This is a method of dynamically associating a network layer address with a DLCI. It allows a router to discover the network address of a device associated with a DLCI. Inverse ARP normally is used in fully meshed networks (networks in which all routers have PVCs to each other). The environment in this lab is a hub-spoke topology, so you will encounter some limitations with Frame Relay Inverse ARP. (2) Static (manual) mappings: In this method, you manually map a network layer address, such as IP or IPX, to a DLCI. This is done under the interface configuration mode for the serial interface configured for Frame Relay. It is important to note that when you manually map an IP address to a DLCI, Frame Relay Inverse ARP is disabled for that interface. You will have an opportunity to manually map IP addresses to DLCIs in this lab. (2) IX. USE OF FRAME RELAY CLOUD IN CREATING WIDE AREA NETWORKING WAN using Frame Relay Cloud in CISCO packet tracer Commands used for configuring the above network: VLAN Access Port Configuration: [Syntax: Switch(config)#interface fastethernet port Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan vlan_no.] VLAN trunk Port Configuration: [Syntax: switch(config)#interface fastethernet port Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk] To create VLAN through data base: switch#vlan database switch(vlan)#vlan 20 name marketing To assign port to dedicated VLAN: switch(config)#interface f0/1 switch(config-if)#switchport mode access switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 switch(config)#interface f0/2 switch(config-if)#switchport mode access switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 To assign port to dedicated vlan through range: switch(config)#interface range f0/5-6 switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20 Switch to switch configuration: switch(config)#interface fastethernet port switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk RIPv2 configuration: [Syntax: Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#version 2 Router(config-router)#network source NID] Router configurations: To set secret password to router: Router(config)#enable secret <password> To set service password: Router(config)#enable password hcl To encrypt service password: Router(config)#service password-encryption To set the console password: Router(config)#line console 0 Router(config-line)#password 123 To set banner to the router: Router(config)#banner motd*banner title* To enable fastethernet of router: Router(config)#interface fastethernet <port> Router(config)#no shutdown To assign ip address to fastethernet: Router(config)#interface fastethernet <port> Router(config)#ip address <ip address> <subnet mask> 83

5 To enable serial port of the router: (DCE) Router(config)#interface serial <port> Router(config)#ip address <ip address> <subnet mask> Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#clock rate To enable serial port of the router: (DTE) Router(config)#interface serial <port> Router(config)#ip address <ip address> <subnet mask> Router(config-if)#no shutdown Frame relay cloud configuration: R1>enable R1#configure terminal R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#exit R1(config-subif)#interface serial 0/0/0.102 point-topoint R1(config-subif)#ip address R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102 R1(config-subif)#exit R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0.103 point-to-point R1(config-subif)#ip address R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 103 R1(config-subif)#exit R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0.104 point-to-point R1(config-subif)#ip address R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 104 R1(config-subif)#exit R1(config)#ip route R1(config)#ip route R1(config)#ip route R1(config)#exit R2>enable R2#configure terminal R2(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay R2(config-if)#no shutdown R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface serial 0/0/0.101 point-to-point R2(config-subif)#ip address R2(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 101 R2(config-subif)#exit R2(config)#ip route R3>enable R3#configure terminal R3(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay R3(config-if)#no shutdown R3(config-if)#exit R3(config)#interface serial 0/0/0.101 point-to-point R3(config-subif)#ip address R3(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 101 R3(config-subif)#exit R3(config)#ip route R4>enable R4#configure terminal R4(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 R4(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay R4(config-if)#no shutdown R4(config-if)#exit R4(config)#interface serial 0/0/0.101 point-to-point R4(config-subif)#ip address R4(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 101 R4(config-subif)#exit R4(config)#ip route Conclusions The frame relay cloud works better in WAN as compared to the router because the frame relay cloud doesn t have any operating system in it so it is secured from any of the security threat like hacking also frame relay cloud is easy to configure with any networking devices and has a greater transition speed as compared to the router. Also, the cost of the frame relay cloud is less as compared to a single router and it is easy to configure the Frame Relay Cloud as compared to a router. Moreover, frame relay is quite a bit easier to setup in a 'failover' configuration, where if one site goes down the frame relay automatically goes to a backup place without need of a routing change. Discussion Frame relay clouds are less reliable - You're going through the carrier's own network, depending on their frame switches and their frame routing. It's more prone to fail - Both AT&T and MCI have had spectacular frame blow-ups for multiple days. This 84

6 can usually be overcome (at a reasonable financial cost) via something like ISDN backup. REFERENCES 1. Advance concepts of networking, HP education academia program, student reference guide, version A.01, HPE.11.5, Hewlett Packard 2. Todd Lammle, CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate study guide,7th edition, Wiley India 3. rame-relay 4. Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data communication and networking, 5th edition, McGraw hill education (India) Private Limited. 5. Wayne Tomasi, Introduction to data communications and networking, Pearson education Inc. 6. Wayne Tomasi, Advanced electronic communications systems, 6th edition, PHI Learning private limited. William Stallings, Data and computer communications, 8th edition, Pearson education Inc. 7. Andrew S. Tanenbaum and David J. Wetherall, Computer Networks, 5th edition, Pearson education Inc. 8. William J. Beyda, Data communications from basics to broadband, 4th edition, Pearson education Inc. 9. M. Irfan Ali, Frame relay in public networks, IEEE communication magazine March Viswanath Subramanian, Frame relay networks - a survey, Mohammad Zunnun Khan, Prof. (Dr.) Mohd. Rizwan Beg and Mohd. Shahid Husain, Designing of Wide Area Network with the use of Frame Relay Concept in Real Time Environment: a Proposal, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication. 12. Thomas A. Limoncelli, Christina J. Hogan, Strata R. Chalup, The practice of system and network administration, 2nd edition, Pearson education Inc. 13. Stephen P. Olejniczak, Telecom for dummies, 1st edition, Wiley publishing Inc. 14. ShaikRiaz and K.V.S.S.RamaKrishna, Restoration Capacity Efficiency for Multi Protocol Label Switching Fast Reroute Network, International Journal of Computer Networks and Security, ISSN: , Vol.23, Special Issue.1 85

Lab Manual. ISC 350 (Networks and Telecommunication) Information Technology Solutions. Prepared by: Eng. Altaf Al Farhan.

Lab Manual. ISC 350 (Networks and Telecommunication) Information Technology Solutions. Prepared by: Eng. Altaf Al Farhan. Kuwait University Information Technology Solutions College of Computing Sciences and Engineering Department of Information Science Lab Manual ISC 350 (Networks and Telecommunication) Prepared by: Eng.