Generic Requirements for Singlemode Fiber Optic Switches

Transcription

1 1. Introduction Purpose and Scope Target Audience Structure of This Document Requirements Terminology Requirement Labeling Conventions Numbering of Requirement and Related Objects Requirement, Conditional Requirement, and Objective Object Identification General Information Switch Description Optical Switch Types Transparent Optical Switches Passive Optical Switches Wavelength Selective Optical Switches Optical Routing Subsystems All-Optical Switches Switch and Port Nomenclature Switch Performance Switch Configurations Optical Switch Attributes and Definitions Optical Switching Matrix Architectures Optical Switching Matrix Blocking Characteristics Optical Switch Technology Opto-Mechanical Micro-Electromechanical Optical Switches Piezoelectric Optical Switches Electro-Optic Switches Acousto-Optic Switches Thermo-Optic Switches Magneto-Optic Switches Liquid Crystal Optical Switches Semiconductor Gate Array Optical Switches Total Internal Reflection Based Optical Switches Optical Switch Applications Optical Protection Switching AM-VSB Video Remote Fiber Testing Systems (RFTSs) Reconfigurable Optical Network Elements General and Design Criteria v

2 3.1 Documentation General Documentation Switch Marking, Packaging and Shipping Physical Design Criteria Optical Fiber Optical Connectors Materials Toxicity Corrosion Resistance Dissimilar Metals Flammability Mounting Optical Performance Criteria and Measurement Procedures Overview Qualification Options xN and MxN Optical Switches Unidirectional and Bi-directional Operation Optical Passband Optical Passband Guidelines Optical Passband Measurement Optical Parameters and Acceptance Criteria Insertion Loss Generic Insertion Loss Criteria Insertion Loss Guidelines Insertion Loss Guidelines for 1310 nm Band Operation Insertion Loss Guidelines for 1550 nm Band Operation Insertion Loss Guidelines for Dual-Band and Wideband Operation Vendor Published Data Acceptance Criteria Insertion Loss Measurement Uniformity Generic Uniformity Criteria Uniformity Guidelines Uniformity Guidelines for Single Band Operation Uniformity Guidelines for Dual Band and Wideband Operation Vendor Published Data Acceptance Criteria Uniformity Measurement Wavelength Flatness Generic Wavelength Flatness Criteria Crosstalk Generic Crosstalk Criteria Crosstalk Measurement vi

3 4.2.5 Directivity Generic Directivity Criteria Directivity Measurement Return Loss Generic Return Loss Criteria Return Loss Measurement Polarization Sensitivity Generic Polarization Sensitivity Criteria Polarization Sensitivity Measurement Polarization Dependent Loss Generic PDL Criteria PDL Measurement Differential Group Delay Generic DGD Criteria DGD Measurement Control Stability Generic Control Stability Criteria Control Stability Measurement Repeatability Effective Switching Cycle Generic Repeatability Criteria Repeatability Measurement Maximum Allowable Optical Power Generic Maximum Allowable Optical Power Criteria Maximum Allowable Power Measurement Switching Time General Switch Cycling and Other Control Signal Parameters Generic Switching Time Criteria Switching Time Measurement Environmental and Mechanical Criteria and Test Procedures Environmental and Mechanical Criteria Summary Environmental and Mechanical Test Procedures Transportation, Storage, and Handling Tests Damp Heat Temperature Cycling Test Vibration Test Mechanical Shock (Impact) Test Fiber Integrity Tests Flex Test Twist Test Side Pull Monitored Side Pull Cable Retention Test vii

4 5.2.3 Operational Performance Test Temperature-Humidity Cycle (CO Environment) Temperature-Humidity Cycle (UNC Environment) Durability Test Optical Switch Reliability Assessment Program Purpose Test Samples Pedigree Test Sample Size Device Analysis Reliability Test Pass/Fail Criteria Reliability Test Procedures Mechanical Endurance Tests Vibration Test Mechanical Shock Test Environmental Endurance Tests Damp Heat Test Dry Heat Test Low Temperature Test Temperature Cycling Test Humidity Cycling Test Long Term Reliability Appendix A: The Transfer Matrix... A 1 A.1 Definitions... A 1 A.2 Relation to Optical Parameters... A 2 A.3 Example... A 3 Appendix B: Temperature and Relative Humidity... B 1 Appendix C: Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD)... C 1 Appendix D: Alternative Return Loss Measurement Procedure... D 1 References... References 1 Acronyms... Acronyms 1 Glossary...Glossary 1 viii

5 List of Figures List of Figures Figures Figure 2-1. Functional Block Diagram of an Optical Switch Figure 2-2. (a) 1xN Switch, (b) MxN switch Figure 2-3. Symbols for Switches: (a) 1x1 or Single Pole Single Throw (SPST), (b) 1x2 or Double Pole Single Throw (DPST), (c) 2x2 Switch in Bar State, (d)2x2 Switch in Cross State, (e) 1xN Switch, (f) MxN switch Figure 2-4. Crossbar Architecture (an example 8x8 switch) Figure Stage Planar Architecture (an example 8x8 switch) Figure 2-6. Benes Architecture (an example 8x8 switch) Figure 2-7. Three Stage Clos Architecture (an example 8x8 switch) Figure 2-8. Examples of Blocking and Non-blocking Matrices Figure :1 ODP Architecture with N= Figure Optical Power Loss Detection System Functional Diagram Figure BSHR/4 with Passive Protection Ring (PPR) Figure BSHR/4 with PPR and Cable-cut Between the Hub and CO Figure Generic RFTS System Figure Non-Service Interrupting RFTS by (a) Monitoring Spare Fibers and (b) Using WDM Figure Optical Bridging Test Access Unit (OBTAU) Figure Schematic Representation of the Basic Functionality of an OADM (only one transmission direction shown) Figure Schematic Representation of the Basic Functionality of a WSXC (Refer to GR-3009-CORE) Figure xN Switch Schematic Figure 4-2. MxN Switch Schematic Figure xN Switch Unidirectional and Bi-directional Qualification Figure 4-4. MxN Optical Switch Unidirectional and Bi-directional Qualification Figure 4-5. Switch Minimum Passband Example Figure 4-6. Example of Insertion Loss ILij(l), ILij, and IL Figure 4-7. Uniformity Measurement Example Figure 4-8. Wavelength Flatness Measurement Example Figure 4-9. Crosstalk (XT ij ) Measurement Setup Example Figure Directivity (D ij ) Measurement Setup Example Figure Configuration for Measuring Polarization Sensitivity Figure S ON and S OFF Switching Time Matrices Figure Switch-on and Switch-off Time Definitions Figure Control and Optical Signal Transients Figure 5-1. Transmission Measurement Facility Figure 5-2. Temperature-Humidity Cycling Test Profile (CO) Figure 5-3. Temperature-Humidity Cycling Test Profile (UNC) Figure 6-1. Thermal Profile of Humidity Cycling Test Figure D-1. Reflectance Measurement Model and Calibration... D 1 Figure D-2. 1xN Return Loss Test Configuration... D 2 ix

6 List of Figures Figure D-3. MxN Return Loss Test Configuration... D 2 x

7 List of Tables List of Tables Tables Table 4-1. Switch Optical Performance Criteria Table 4-2. Optical Passband Guidelines Table 5-1. Optical Switch Environmental and Mechanical Criteria and Test Conditions Table 5-2. Tensile Loads for Fiber Integrity Tests Table 6-1. Optical Switch Reliability Criteria and Test Conditions Table 6-2. Suggested Measurement Schedule for Reliability Assessment for Static Applications Table B-1. Relative Humidity as a Function of Temperature and Absolute Humidity... B 1 Table C-1. LTPD Sampling Plan... C 1 xi