University of Belgrade - School of Electrical Engineering Department of Telecommunications
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1 University of Belgrade - School of Electrical Engineering Department of Telecommunications 1
2 Internet Architecture Genesis and Evolution 2
3 Objectives Brief history of the Internet architecture Internet architecture today Users - business and residential (dial-in) customers Internet service providers (ISPs) Backbone ISPs - network service providers (NSPs) Network access points (NAPs) Route servers and Internet routing registries (IRRs) 3
4 RFC 1958: The principle of constant change is perhaps the only principle of the Internet that should survive indefinitely... Brian Carpenter, IAB 4
5 What is the Internet? Federal Networking Council (FNC) - Internet Resolution (1995): Internet is a global information system that: is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions or follow-ons; is able to support communications using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high level services layered on the communications and related infrastructure described herein. 5
6 Service providers and Customers Business customers ervice rovider (ISP) Residential users 6
7 Review of the Terms Customers (users): Residential - Net access from home or a small office (SOHO). Business Service providers: - Net access from a corporate LAN/WAN. Internet service providers (ISPs) - provide access to residential, business customers and other (downstream) ISPs. Network service providers (NSPs( NSPs) - provide global connectivity ( huge ISPs - MCI, ANS, UUNET, Sprintlink, PSI etc.). Level of user/isp connectivity: Single-homed - a single link to the Internet (default). Multi-homed - multiple physical/logical links to the Internet. 7
8 Internet Architecture Core Set of routers and communication networks which provides and maintain global connectivity. Access points (s) s and access servers which provide Internet access to the end users. Users Customer premises equipment (CPE), using by end users to access the Internet. 8
9 Internet Timeline Internet Genesis ARPANET Old Age NSFnet Golden Age NAP/GIX Future... vbns / VPN US universities & US Army Creation of a global network Web, ISPs. NSFnet shutdown Internet as a universal global network
10 ARPANET - end of kbit/s Mainframe SRI 50 kbit/s 50 kbit/s UTAH Mainframe 50 kbit/s Mainframe UCSB UCLA Mainframe 10
11 ARPANET - later kbit/s 56 kbit/s IMP IMP 56 kbit/s 56 kbit/s 56 kbit/s IMP IMP 56 kbit/s 56 kbit/s IMP CORE IMP NCP TCP/IP 11
12 ARPANET - bottleneck 56 kbit/s 56 kbit/s IMP 56 kbit/s 56 kbit/s IMP 56 kbit/s IMP CORE IMP 56 kbit/s IMP 56 kbit/s IMP 12
13 New network was born... ARPANET TCP/IP IMP IMP IMP NSFNET 13
14 NSFNET!!! NSFNET 14
15 NSFNET - end of
16 NSFNET - Architecture CORE Workstation Ethernet Campus #1 Campus #2 Workstation Minicomputer Campus net USER Campus #3 ACCESS 16
17 First Commercial ISPs PSI SprintNet NSFNET Ethernet SprintNet router PSI router UUnet router Campus network Ethernet UUnet NAP 17
18 Goodbye, NSFNET! Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Campus network Campus network PSI ANS Campus network SprintNet Ethernet NAP NAP Campus network MCI Ethernet UUnet Campus network 18
19 Interconnection of Backbone ISP Networks NAP 19
20 Path Choice 0.5$/MB 0.50 $/MB 0.15 $/MB 0.10 $/MB No fee NAP No fee = 0.25 $/MB 20
21 Commercial Impact on the Global Network There is no such thing as global backbone any more! There is no such thing as Internet core any more! Backbone of the global network consists of backbone ISP networks, mutually interconnected at the NAPs. The core of the networks consists of routers, ATM switches and other devices, located in the ISP backbones, preventing the global network from splitting into parts. Routing policies between major backbone ISPs determine the ways of traffic flow on the Internet today. Routing policies don t assure optimal routing - the main criterion for the routing policy design is - the cost of the links! 21
22 Network Access Points (NAPs) 1. NAPs in the USA: Mae East (Sprint NAP) - East Coast Mae West (Pac Bell NAP) - West Coast MassachusettsIX - East Coast SIX-Seattle Internet Exchange - West Coast Major European NAPs: D-GIX - Stockholm AIX - Amsterdam LINX London
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28 Traffic on NAPs New York 28
29 Traffic on NAPs London 29
30 Traffic on NAPs Japan 30
31 Basic Internet services Telnet WWW FTP 31
32 address: 32
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The ARPANET početak...
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