HD (132 x 168-dot Graphics LCD Controller/Driver with Bit-operation Functions) Preliminary. Rev 0.1 Oct 15, Description.

Transcription

1 Preliminary HD66753 (132 x 168-dot Graphics LCD Controller/Driver with Bit-operation Functions) Rev 0.1 Oct 15, 2001 Description The HD66753, dot-matrix graphics LCD controller and driver LSI, displays 132-by-168-dot graphics for four monochrome grayscales. When 12-by-13-dot size fonts are used, up to 13 lines x 11 characters (143 characters) can be simultaneously displayed. Since the HD66753 incorporates bit-operation functions and a 16-bit high-speed bus interface, it enables efficient data transfer and high-speed rewriting of data in the graphics RAM. The HD66753 has various functions for reducing the power consumption of an LCD system, such as lowvoltage operation of 1.7 V/min., a step-up circuit to generate a maximum of seven-times the LCD drive voltage from the input-supplied voltage, and voltage followers to decrease the direct current flow in the LCD drive bleeder-resistors. Combining these hardware functions with software functions, such as a partial display with low-duty drive and standby and sleep modes, allows precise power control. The HD66753 is suitable for any mid-sized or small portable battery-driven product requiring long-term driving capabilities, such as digital cellular phones supporting a WWW browser. Features dot graphics display LCD controller/driver for four monochrome grayscales 16-/8-bit high-speed bus interface Clock-synchronized serial interface (transfer rate: 10 MHz max.) I2C bus interface (transfer rate: 1.3 MHz max.) Bit-operation functions for graphics processing: Write-data mask function in bit units Bit rotation function Bit logic-operation function Low-power operation supports: Vcc = 1.7 to 3.6 V (low voltage) V LPS = 5 to 17.5 V (liquid crystal drive voltage) Internal three-, five-, six-, or seven-times step-up circuit for liquid crystal drive voltage to be selected by software 128-step contrast adjuster and voltage followers to decrease direct current flow in the LCD drive bleeder-resistors 1

2 Power-save functions such as the standby mode and sleep mode Programmable drive duty ratios and bias values displayed on LCD Internal LCD-drive-voltage regulator circuits 168-segment 132-common liquid crystal display driver n-raster-row AC liquid-crystal drive (C-pattern waveform drive) Duty ratio and drive bias (selectable by program) Window cursor display supported by hardware Black-and-white reversed display Internal oscillation and hardware reset Shift change of segment and common driver Table 1 Progammable Display Sizes and Duty Ratios Duty Ratio Optimum Drive Bias Bit-map Display Area Graphics Display 12 x 13-dot Font Width 1/96 1/10 96 x 168 dots 13 lines x 8 characters 1/104 1/ x 168 dots 13 lines x 8 characters 1/112 1/ x 168 dots 13 lines x 9 characters 1/120 1/ x 168 dots 13 lines x 10 characters 1/128 1/ x 168 dots 13 lines x 10 characters 1/132 1/ x 168 dots 13 lines x 10 characters Note: 12 x 14-dot Font Width 12 lines x 8 characters 12 lines x 8 characters 12 lines x 9 characters 16 x 16-dot Font Width 10 lines x 6 characters 10 lines x 6 characters 10 lines x 7 characters 12 lines x lines x 7 characters characters 12 lines x lines x 8 characters characters 12 lines x lines x 8 characters characters 16 x 17-dot Font Width 9 lines x 6 characters 9 lines x 6 characters 9 lines x 7 characters 9 lines x 7 characters 9 lines x 8 characters 9 lines x 8 characters 8 x 10-dot Font Width 16 lines x 12 characters 16 lines x 13 characters 16 lines x 14 characters 16 lines x 15 characters 16 lines x 16 characters 16 lines x 16 characters When 12 x 13-dot fonts are used for display, the spaces between characters on the last line are not displayed. 2

3 <Target values> Total Current Consumption Characteristics (Vcc = 3 V, TYP Conditions, LCD Drive Power Current Included) Character Display Dot Size Duty Ratio R-C Oscillation Frame Frequency Frequency Total Power Consumption Normal Display Operation Internal Logic LCD Power Total* 96 x 168 dots 1/ khz 69 Hz (60 µa) (20 µa) Five-times (160 µa) 104 x 168 dots 112 x 168 dots 120 x 168 dots 128 x 168 dots 132 x 168 dots Note: 1/ khz 69 Hz (60 µa) (20 µa) Five-times (160 µa) 1/ khz 69 Hz (70 µa) (25 µa) Six-times (220 µa) 1/ khz 69 Hz (70 µa) (25 µa) Six-times (220 µa) 1/ khz 71 Hz (80 µa) (25 µa) Six-times (230 µa) 1/ khz 69 Hz (80 µa) (25 µa) Six-times (230 µa) Sleep Mode Standby Mode (12 µa) 0.1 µa (12 µa) (12 µa) (12 µa) (12 µa) (12 µa) When a three-, five-, six-, or seven-times step-up is used: the total current consumption = internal logic current + LCD power current x 3 (three-times stepup), the total current consumption = internal logic current + LCD power current x 5 (five-times step-up), the total current consumption = internal logic current + LCD power current x 6 (six-times step-up), and the total current consumption = internal logic current + LCD power current x 7 (seven-times stepup) Type Name Types External Dimensions MPU Interface COM Driver Arrangement Display HD66753TB0 HCD66753BP HWD66753BP HD66753WTB0 HCD66753WBP HWD66753WBP Bending TCP Au-bump chip Au-bump wafer Bending TCP Au-bump chip Au-bump wafer or 16-bit8-bit parallel or clocksynchronized serial interface 8-bit or 16-bit parallel, clocksynchronized serial, or I2C bus interface Both sides of COM (Output from left and right sides of the chip) Four monochrome grayscales 3

4 LCD Family Comparison Items HD66724 HD66725 HD66726 Character display sizes 12 characters x 3 lines 16 characters x 3 lines 16 characters x 5 lines Graphic display sizes 72 x 26 dots 96 x 26 dots 96 x 42 dots Grayscale display Multiplexing icons Annunciator 1/2 duty: 144 1/2 duty: 192 1/2 duty: 192 Key scan control 8 x 4 8 x 4 8 x 4 LED control ports General output ports Operating power voltages 1.8 V to 5.5 V 1.8 V to 5.5 V 1.8 V to 5.5 V Liquid crystal drive voltages 3 V to 6.5 V 3 V to 6.5 V 4.5 V to 11 V Serial bus Clock-synchronized serial Clock-synchronized serial Clock-synchronized serial Parallel bus 4 bits, 8 bits 4 bits, 8 bits 4 bits, 8 bits Liquid crystal drive duty ratios 1/2, 10, 18, 26 1/2, 10, 18, 26 1/2, 10, 18, 26, 34, 42 Liquid crystal drive biases 1/4 to 1/6.5 1/4 to 1/6.5 1/2 to 1/8 Liquid crystal drive waveforms B B B Liquid crystal voltage step-up Single, two-, or three-times Single, two-, or three-times Single, two-, three-, or fourtimes Bleeder-resistor for liquid crystal drive Incorporated (external) Incorporated (external) Incorporated (external) Liquid crystal drive operational amplifier Incorporated Incorporated Incorporated Liquid crystal contrast adjuster Incorporated (32 steps) Incorporated (32 steps) Incorporated (32 steps) Horizontal smooth scroll 3-dot unit 3-dot unit Vertical smooth scroll Line unit Line unit Line unit Double-height display Yes Yes Yes DDRAM 80 x 8 80 x 8 80 x 8 CGROM 20,736 20,736 20,736 CGRAM 384 x x x 8 SEGRAM 72 x 8 96 x 8 96 x 8 No. of CGROM fonts No. of CGRAM fonts Font sizes 6 x 8 6 x 8 6 x 8 Bit map areas 72 x x x 42 R-C oscillation resistor/ oscillation frequency External resistor, incorporated (32 khz) External resistor, incorporated (32 khz) External resistor (50 khz) Reset function External External External Low power control Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off, Key wake-up interrupt Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off, Key wake-up interrupt SEG/COM direction switching SEG, COM SEG, COM SEG, COM QFP package TQFP package TCP package TCP-146 TCP-170 TCP-188 Bare chip Yes Bumped chip Yes Yes Yes Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off, Key wake-up interrupt Chip sizes x x x 2.51 Pad intervals 80 µm 80 µm 100 µm 4

5 LCD Family Comparison (cont) Items HD66728 HD66729 HD66740 Character display sizes 16 characters x 10 lines Graphic display sizes 112 x 80 dots 105 x 68 dots 112 x 80 dots Grayscale display Multiplexing icons Annunciator Key scan control 8 x 4 LED control ports General output ports 3 Operating power voltages 1.8 V to 5.5 V 1.8 V to 5.5 V 1.8 V to 3.6 V Liquid crystal drive voltages 4.5 V to 15 V 4.0 V to 13 V 4.5 V to 15 V Serial bus Clock-synchronized serial Clock-synchronized serial Clock-synchronized serial Parallel bus 4 bits, 8 bits 4 bits, 8 bits 4 bits, 8 bits Liquid crystal drive duty ratios 1/8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80 1/8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 68 Liquid crystal drive biases 1/4 to 1/10 1/4 to 1/9 1/4 to 1/10 Liquid crystal drive waveforms B, C B, C B, C Liquid crystal voltage step-up Three-, four-, or five-times Two-, three-, four-, or fivetimes 1/8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80 Three-, four-, or five-times Bleeder-resistor for liquid crystal drive Incorporated (external) Incorporated (external) Incorporated (external) Liquid crystal drive operational amplifier Incorporated Incorporated Incorporated Liquid crystal contrast adjuster Incorporated (64 steps) Incorporated (64 steps) Incorporated (64 steps) Horizontal smooth scroll Vertical smooth scroll Line unit Line unit Line unit Double-height display Yes Yes Yes DDRAM 160 x 8 CGROM 20,736 CGRAM 1,120 x 8 1,050 x 8 1,120 x 8 SEGRAM No. of CGROM fonts No. of CGRAM fonts 64 Font sizes 6 x 8 Bit map areas 112 x x x 80 R-C oscillation resistor/ oscillation frequency External resistor (70 90 khz) External resistor (75 khz) External resistor (70 90 khz) Reset function External External External Low power control Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off, Key wake-up interrupt Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off SEG/COM direction switching SEG, COM SEG, COM SEG, COM QFP package TQFP package TCP package TCP-241 TCP-213 TCP-236 Bare chip Bumped chip Yes Yes Yes Chip sizes x x x 2.18 Pad intervals 70 µm 70 µm 50 µm 5

6 LCD Family Comparison (cont) Items HD66741 HD66751S HD66750S Character display sizes Graphic display sizes 128 x 80 dots 128 x 128 dots 128 x 128 dots Grayscale display Four monochrome grayscales (5 levels) Multiplexing icons Annunciator Key scan control LED control ports General output ports 3 Four monochrome grayscales (5 levels) Operating power voltages 1.8 V to 5.5 V 1.7 V to 3.6 V 1.7 V to 3.6 V Liquid crystal drive voltages 4.5 V to 15 V 5.0 V to 16.5V 5.0 V to 16.5V Serial bus Clock-synchronized serial Clock-synchronized serial Parallel bus 4 bits, 8 bits 8 bits, 16 bits 8 bits, 16 bits Liquid crystal drive duty ratios 1/8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80 1/16, 24, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128 Liquid crystal drive biases 1/4 to 1/10 1/4 to 1/11 1/4 to 1/11 Liquid crystal drive waveforms B, C B, C B, C Liquid crystal voltage step-up Three-, four-, or five-times Two-, five-, six-, or seventimes 1/16, 24, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128 Two-, five-, six-, or seventimes Bleeder-resistor for liquid crystal drive Incorporated (external) Incorporated (external) Incorporated (external) Liquid crystal drive operational amplifier Incorporated Incorporated Incorporated Liquid crystal contrast adjuster Incorporated (64 steps) Incorporated (64 steps) Incorporated (64 steps) Horizontal smooth scroll Vertical smooth scroll Line unit Line unit Line unit Double-height display Yes Yes Yes DDRAM CGROM CGRAM 1,280 x 8 4,096 x 8 4,096 x 8 SEGRAM No. of CGROM fonts No. of CGRAM fonts Font sizes Bit map areas 128 x x x 128 R-C oscillation resistor/ oscillation frequency External resistor (70 90 khz) External resistor (70 khz) External resistor (70 khz) Reset function External External External Low power control Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off SEG/COM direction switching SEG, COM SEG, COM SEG, COM QFP package TQFP package TCP package TCP-254 TCP-308 TCP-308 Bare chip Bumped chip Yes Yes Yes Chip sizes x x x 2.95 Pad intervals 70 µm 50 µm 50 µm 6

7 LCD Family Comparison (cont) Items HD66752 HD66753 Character display sizes Graphic display sizes 168 x 132 dots 168 x 132 dots Grayscale display Four monochrome grayscales (7 levels) Multiplexing icons Annunciator Key scan control LED control ports General output ports Four monochrome grayscales (7 levels) Operating power voltages 2.0 V to 3.6 V 1.7 V to 3.6 V Liquid crystal drive voltages 5.0 V to 15.5V 5 V to 16.5V Serial bus Clock-synchronized serial Parallel bus 8 bits, 16 bits 8 bits, 16 bits Liquid crystal drive duty ratios 1/80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128, 132 Liquid crystal drive biases 1/4 to 1/11 1/4 to 1/11 Liquid crystal drive waveforms B, C B, C Liquid crystal voltage step-up Two-, five-, six-, or seventimes 1/80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128, 132 Two-, five-, six-, or seventimes Bleeder-resistor for liquid crystal drive Incorporated (external) Incorporated (external) Liquid crystal drive operational amplifier Incorporated Incorporated Liquid crystal contrast adjuster Incorporated (128 steps) Incorporated (128 steps) Horizontal smooth scroll Vertical smooth scroll Line unit Line unit Double-height display Yes Yes DDRAM CGROM CGRAM 5,544 x 8 5,544 x 8 SEGRAM No. of CGROM fonts No. of CGRAM fonts Font sizes Bit map areas 168 x 132, 132 x x 132, 132 x 168 R-C oscillation resistor/ oscillation frequency External resistor (70 khz) External resistor (70 khz) Reset function External External Low power control 2-screen division partial drive, Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off SEG/COM direction switching SEG, COM SEG, COM QFP package TQFP package TCP package TCP-352 Bare chip Bumped chip Yes Yes 2-screen division partial drive, Partial display off, Oscillation off, Liquid crystal power off Chip sizes x x 2.02 Pad intervals 60 µm 50 µm 7

8 HD66753 Block Diagram 8

9 c No. 1 No. 417 Dummy8 Dummy1 Chip size: mm x 2.02 mm GNDDUM3 COM1/132 Chip thickness: 400 µm (typ.) COM2/131 Pad coordinates: pad centers DB15 Coordinate origin: chip center DB14 COM14/119 Au bump size: COM15/118 (1) 80 µm x 80 µm (min 100-µm pitch) DB13 COM16/117 Dummy1, Dummy2 to GNDDUM2, Dummy8, Type code COM65/68 GNDDUM3, DB15 to V4OUT, V5OUT, DB12 COM66/67 Dummy9, Dummy10 to Dummy19, Dummy20 DB11 (2) 45 µm x 80 µm (min 60-µm pitch) COM1/132 to COM14/119, DB10 COM17/116 to COM30/103 DB9 (3) 35 um x 80 um (min 50-µ pitch) SEG1/168 to SEG168/1, DB8 COM15/118, COM16/117, COM65/68 to COM112/21, DB7 COM31/102 to COM132/1 COM111/22 DB6 COM112/21 SEG168/1 Au bump pitch: see the pad coordinates DB5 SEG167/2 Height of the Au bump: 15 µm (typ.) Numbers in the figure correspond to pad no. DB4 Alignment mark DB3 (1) Alignment: two points Coordinates (X, Y) ±7642, 613 DB2 190 µm (2-a) Coordinates (X, Y) = -7668, 406 (2-b) Coordinates (X, Y) = 7668, 406 (3-a) Coordinates (X, Y) = -7548, µm 70 µm 95 (3-b) Coordinates (X, Y) = 7548, µm 190 µm µm µm 80 µm 70 µm Update history Rev 0.0: newly created Rev 0.1: pad coordinate no. updated, type code added Rev 0.2: pin name modified in Au bump size (3) 50 µm DB1 DB0 GNDDUM4 RESET* CS* RS E/WR*/SCL RW/RD*/SDA GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND OSC2 OSC1 Vcc Vcc Vcc Vcc Vcc Vcc Vci Vci Vci Vci Vci Vci VREG C6+ C6+ C6+ C6- C6- C6- C5+ C5+ C5+ C5- C5- C5- C4+ C4+ C4+ C4- C4- C4- C3+ C3+ C3+ C3- C3- C3- C2+ C2+ C2+ C2- C2- C2- C1+ SEG2/167 C1+ SEG1/168 C1+ COM132/1 C1- COM131/2 C1- C1- VLOUT VLOUT VLOUT VLOUT VLOUT VLPS VLPS VLPS VLPS VLPS V1REF VLREF GNDDUM2 TEST OPOFF (Top view) COM114/19 COM113/20 COM64/69 COM63/70 COM31/102 COM30/103 COM18/115 COM17/116 Dummy9 Dummy20 Dummy10 Dummy11 Dummy12 Dummy13 VccDUM1 IM0ID IM1 GNDDUM1 IM2 VTEST VSW1 GNDDUM5 VSW2 Dummy14 Dummy7 Dummy6 Dummy5 Dummy4 HD66753 X HD66753 Dummy3 Dummy2 Dummy15 Dummy16 Dummy17 Dummy18 No. 101 No. 116 Y Dummy19 HITACHI 9

10 TCP External Dimensions (HD66753TB0L/R) 10

11 HD66753 Pad Coordinates No. Pad Name X Y No. Pad Name X Y 1 Dummy Vcc GNDDUM Vcc DB Vcc DB Vci DB Vci DB Vci DB Vci DB Vci DB Vci DB VREG DB C DB C DB C DB C DB C DB C DB C DB C GNDDUM C RESET* C CS* C RS C E/WR*/SCL C RW/RD*/SDA C GND C GND C GND C GND C GND C GND C GND C GND C OSC C OSC C Vcc C Vcc C Vcc C

12 HD66753 Pad Coordinates (cont) No. Pad Name X Y No. Pad Name X Y 75 C Dummy C Dummy C Dummy C Dummy C Dummy C COM17/ C COM18/ C COM19/ C COM20/ VLOUT COM21/ VLOUT COM22/ VLOUT COM23/ VLOUT COM24/ VLOUT COM25/ VLPS COM26/ VLPS COM27/ VLPS COM28/ VLPS COM29/ VLPS COM30/ V1REF COM31/ VLREF COM32/ V1OUT COM33/ V2OUT COM34/ V3OUT COM35/ V4OUT COM36/ V5OUT COM37/ Dummy COM38/ Dummy COM39/ Dummy COM40/ Dummy COM41/ Dummy COM42/ VTEST COM43/ GNDDUM COM44/ VSW COM45/ VSW COM46/ Dummy COM47/ Dummy COM48/

13 HD66753 Pad Coordinates (cont) No. Pad Name X Y No. Pad Name X Y 149 COM49/ SEG2/ COM50/ SEG3/ COM51/ SEG4/ COM52/ SEG5/ COM53/ SEG6/ COM54/ SEG7/ COM55/ SEG8/ COM56/ SEG9/ COM57/ SEG10/ COM58/ SEG11/ COM59/ SEG12/ COM60/ SEG13/ COM61/ SEG14/ COM62/ SEG15/ COM63/ SEG16/ COM64/ SEG17/ COM113/ SEG18/ COM114/ SEG19/ COM115/ SEG20/ COM116/ SEG21/ COM117/ SEG22/ COM118/ SEG23/ COM119/ SEG24/ COM120/ SEG25/ COM121/ SEG26/ COM122/ SEG27/ COM123/ SEG28/ COM124/ SEG29/ COM125/ SEG30/ COM126/ SEG31/ COM127/ SEG32/ COM128/ SEG33/ COM129/ SEG34/ COM130/ SEG35/ COM131/ SEG36/ COM132/ SEG37/ SEG1/ SEG38/

14 HD66753 Pad Coordinates (cont) No. Pad Name X Y No. Pad Name X Y 223 SEG39/ SEG76/ SEG40/ SEG77/ SEG41/ SEG78/ SEG42/ SEG79/ SEG43/ SEG80/ SEG44/ SEG81/ SEG45/ SEG82/ SEG46/ SEG83/ SEG47/ SEG84/ SEG48/ SEG85/ SEG49/ SEG86/ SEG50/ SEG87/ SEG51/ SEG88/ SEG52/ SEG89/ SEG53/ SEG90/ SEG54/ SEG91/ SEG55/ SEG92/ SEG56/ SEG93/ SEG57/ SEG94/ SEG58/ SEG95/ SEG59/ SEG96/ SEG60/ SEG97/ SEG61/ SEG98/ SEG62/ SEG99/ SEG63/ SEG100/ SEG64/ SEG101/ SEG65/ SEG102/ SEG66/ SEG103/ SEG67/ SEG104/ SEG68/ SEG105/ SEG69/ SEG106/ SEG70/ SEG107/ SEG71/ SEG108/ SEG72/ SEG109/ SEG73/ SEG110/ SEG74/ SEG111/ SEG75/ SEG112/

15 HD66753 Pad Coordinates (cont) No. Pad Name X Y No. Pad Name X Y 297 SEG113/ SEG150/ SEG114/ SEG151/ SEG115/ SEG152/ SEG116/ SEG153/ SEG117/ SEG154/ SEG118/ SEG155/ SEG119/ SEG156/ SEG120/ SEG157/ SEG121/ SEG158/ SEG122/ SEG159/ SEG123/ SEG160/ SEG124/ SEG161/ SEG125/ SEG162/ SEG126/ SEG163/ SEG127/ SEG164/ SEG128/ SEG165/ SEG129/ SEG166/ SEG130/ SEG167/ SEG131/ SEG168/ SEG132/ COM112/ SEG133/ COM111/ SEG134/ COM110/ SEG135/ COM109/ SEG136/ COM108/ SEG137/ COM107/ SEG138/ COM106/ SEG139/ COM105/ SEG140/ COM104/ SEG141/ COM103/ SEG142/ COM102/ SEG143/ COM101/ SEG144/ COM100/ SEG145/ COM99/ SEG146/ COM98/ SEG147/ COM97/ SEG148/ COM96/ SEG149/ COM95/

16 HD66753 Pad Coordinates (cont) No. Pad Name X Y No. Pad Name X Y 371 COM94/ COM15/ COM93/ COM14/ COM92/ COM13/ COM91/ COM12/ COM90/ COM11/ COM89/ COM10/ COM88/ COM9/ COM87/ COM8/ COM86/ COM7/ COM85/ COM6/ COM84/ COM5/ COM83/ COM4/ COM82/ COM3/ COM81/ COM2/ COM80/ COM1/ COM79/ Dummy COM78/ Dummy COM77/ Dummy COM76/ Dummy COM75/ Dummy COM74/ Dummy COM73/ Dummy COM72/ IM COM71/ GNDDUM COM70/ IM COM69/ IM0ID COM68/ VccDUM COM67/ OPOFF COM66/ TEST COM65/ GNDDUM COM16/

17 Alignment Mark X Y Cross Circle (positive) Circle (negative) L type (positive) L type (negative)

18 Pin Functions Table 2 Signals IM2, IM1, IM0/ID Pin Functional Description Number of Pins I/O Connected to Functions 3 I GND or V CC Selects the MPU interface mode: When a serial interface is selected, the IM0 pin is used for setting the device code ID. CS* 1 I MPU Selects the HD66753: Low: HD66753 is selected and can be accessed High: HD66753 is not selected and cannot be accessed Must be fixed at GND level when not in use. RS 1 I MPU Selects the register. Low: Index/status High: Control Must be fixed at Vcc or GND level for a clocksynchronized interface. E/WR*/SCL 1 I MPU For a 68-system bus interface, serves as an enable signal to activate data read/write operation. For an 80-system bus interface, serves as a write strobe signal and writes data at the low level. For a clock-synchronized interface, serves as a synchronized clock signal. RW/RD*/ SDA 1 I/O MPU For a 68-system bus interface, serves as a signal to select data read/write operation. Low: Write High: Read For an 80-system bus interface, serves as a read strobe signal and reads data at the low level. For a clock-synchronized interface, serves as a bidirectional serial transfer data to receive and send the data. DB0 DB15 16 I/O MPU Serves as a 16-bit bidirectional data bus. For an 8-bit bus interface, data transfer uses DB15- DB8; fix unused DB7-DB0 to the Vcc or GND level. For a clock-synchronized interface, fix DB15-DB0 to the Vcc or GND level. 18

19 Table 2 Pin Functional Description (cont) Signals COM1/132 COM132/1 SEG1/168 SEG168/1 V1OUT V5OUT Number of Pins I/O Connected to Functions 132 O LCD Output signals for common drive: All the unused pins output unselected waveforms. In the display-off period (D = 0), sleep mode (SLP = 1), or standby mode (STB = 1), all pins output GND level. The CMS bit can change the shift direction of the common signal. For example, if CMS = 0, COM1/132 is COM1, and COM132/1 is COM132. If CMS = 1, COM1/132 is COM132, and COM132/1 is COM O LCD Output signals for segment drive. In the display-off period (D = 0), sleep mode (SLP = 1), or standby mode (STB = 1), all pins output GND level. The SGS bit can change the shift direction of the segment signal. For example, if SGS = 0, SEG1/168 is SEG1. If SGS = 1, SEG1/168 is SEG I or O Open or external bleeder-resistor Used for output from the internal operational amplifiers when they are used (OPOFF = GND); attach a capacitor to stabilize the output. When the amplifiers are not used (OPOFF = V CC ), V1 to V5 voltages can be supplied to these pins externally. V LPS 1 Power supply Power supply for LCD drive. V LPS = 19.5 V max. V CC, GND 2 Power supply V CC : +1.7 V to V; GND (logic): 0 V OSC1, OSC2 2 I or O Oscillationresistor or clock For R-C oscillation using an external resistor, connect an external resistor. For external clock supply, input clock pulses to OSC1. Vci 1 I Power supply Inputs a reference voltage and supplies power to the step-up circuit; generates the liquid crystal display drive voltage from the operating voltage. The stepup output voltage must not be larger than the absolute maximum ratings. Must be left disconnected when the step-up circuit is not used. VLOUT 1 O V LPS pin/stepup capacitance C1+, C1 2 Step-up capacitance C2+, C2 2 Step-up capacitance C3+, C3 2 Step-up capacitance C4+, C4 2 Step-up capacitance C5+, C5 2 Step-up capacitance C6+, C6 2 Step-up capacitance Potential difference between Vci and GND is two- to seven-times-stepped up and then output. Magnitude of step-up is selected by instruction. External capacitance should be connected here when using the five-times or more step-up. External capacitance should be connected here for step-up. External capacitance should be connected here for step-up. External capacitance should be connected here when using the five-times or more step-up. External capacitance should be connected here for step-up. External capacitance should be connected here for step-up. 19

20 Table 2 Pin Functional Description (cont) Signals Number of Pins I/O Connected to Functions RESET* 1 I MPU or external R-C circuit Reset pin. Initializes the LSI when low. Must be reset after power-on. OPOFF 1 I V CC or GND Turns the internal operational amplifier off when OPOFF = V CC, and turns it on when OPOFF = GND. If the amplifier is turned off (OPOFF = V CC ), V1 to V5 must be supplied to the V1OUT to V5OUT pins. VSW1 1 I GND Test pin. Must be fixed at GND level. VSW2 1 Test pin. Must be left disconnected. VREG 1 I Input pin Input pin for the reference voltage of the LCD-drivevoltage regulator circuit. Connect Vci or external power supply. V1REF 1 O Output pin Output pin for the LCD-drive-voltage regulator circuit. Must be left disconnected when not in use. VLREF 1 I Input pin Connected to the top electrode of the internal bleeder-resistor. Use this pin to supply the LCD voltage externally. VccDUM 1 O Input pins Outputs the internal V CC level; shorting this pin sets the adjacent input pin to the V CC level. GNDDUM 3 O Input pins Outputs the internal GND level; shorting this pin sets the adjacent input pin to the GND level. Dummy 4 Dummy pad. Must be left disconnected. TEST 1 I GND Test pin. Must be fixed at GND level. VTEST 1 Test pin. Must be left disconnected. 20

21 Block Function Description System Interface The HD66753 has five high-speed system interfaces: an 80-system 16-bit/8-bit bus, a 68-system 16-bit/8- bit bus, and a clock-synchronized serial interface. The interface mode is selected by the IM2-0 pins. The HD66753 has three 16-bit registers: an index register (IR), a write data register (WDR), and a read data register (RDR). The IR stores index information from the control registers and the CGRAM. The WDR temporarily stores data to be written into control registers and the CGRAM, and the RDR temporarily stores data read from the CGRAM. Data written into the CGRAM from the MPU is first written into the WDR and then is automatically written into the CGRAM by internal operation. Data is read through the RDR when reading from the CGRAM, and the first read data is invalid and the second and the following data are normal (for the serial interface, the 5-byte data is invalid). When a logic operation is performed inside of the HD66753 by using the display data set in the CGRAM and the data written from the MPU, the data read through the RDR is used. Accordingly, the MPU does not need to read data twice nor to fetch the read data into the MPU. This enables high-speed processing. Execution time for instruction excluding oscillation start is 0 clock cycle and instructions can be written in succession. Table 3 Register Selection R/W Bits RS Bits Operations 0 0 Writes indexes into IR 1 0 Status read 0 1 Writes into control registers and CGRAM through WDR 1 1 Reads from CGRAM through RDR Bit Operation The HD66753 supports the following functions: a bit rotation function that writes the data written from the MPU into the CGRAM by moving the display position in bit units, a write data mask function that selects and writes data into the CGRAM in bit units, and a logic operation function that performs logic operations on the display data set in the CGRAM and writes into the CGRAM. With the 16-bit bus interface, these functions can greatly reduce the processing loads of the MPU graphics software and can rewrite the display data in the CGRAM at high speed. For details, see the Graphics Operation Function section. Address Counter (AC) The address counter (AC) assigns addresses to the CGRAM. When an address set instruction is written into the IR, the address information is sent from the IR to the AC. After writing into the CGRAM, the AC is automatically incremented by 1 (or decremented by 1). After reading from the data, the RDM bit automatically updates or does not update the AC. 21

22 Graphic RAM (CGRAM) The graphic RAM (CGRAM) stores bit-pattern data of 168 x 132 dots. It has two bits/pixel and 4,096-byte capacity. Grayscale Control Circuit The grayscale control circuit performs four-grayscale control with the frame rate control (FRC) method for four-monochrome grayscale display. For details, see the Four Grayscale Display Function section. Timing Generator The timing generator generates timing signals for the operation of internal circuits such as the CGRAM. The RAM read timing for display and internal operation timing by MPU access are generated separately to avoid interference with one another. Oscillation Circuit (OSC) The HD66753 can provide R-C oscillation simply through the addition of an external oscillation-resistor between the OSC1 and OSC2 pins. The appropriate oscillation frequency for operating voltage, display size, and frame frequency can be obtained by adjusting the external-resistor value. Clock pulses can also be supplied externally. Since R-C oscillation stops during the standby mode, current consumption can be reduced. For details, see the Oscillation Circuit section. Liquid Crystal Display Driver Circuit The liquid crystal display driver circuit consists of 132 common signal drivers (COM1 to COM132) and 168 segment signal drivers (SEG1 to SEG168). When the number of lines are selected by a program, the required common signal drivers automatically output drive waveforms, while the other common signal drivers continue to output unselected waveforms. Display pattern data is latched when 168-bit data has arrived. The latched data then enables the segment signal drivers to generate drive waveform outputs. The shift direction of 168-bit data can be changed by the SGS bit. The shift direction for the common driver can also be changed by the CMS bit by selecting an appropriate direction for the device mounting configuration. When multiplexing drive is not used, or during the standby or sleep mode, all the above common and segment signal drivers output the GND level, halting the display. Step-up Circuit (DC-DC Converter) The step-up generates three-, five-, six-, or seven-times voltage input to the Vci pin. With this, both the internal logic units and LCD drivers can be controlled with a single power supply. Step-up output level from three-times to seven-times step-up can be selected by software. For details, see the Liquid Crystal Display Voltage Generator section. 22

23 V-Pin Voltage Follower A voltage follower for each voltage level (V1 to V5) reduces current consumption by the LCD drive power supply circuit. No external resistors are required because of the internal bleeder-resistor, which generates different levels of LCD drive voltage. This internal bleeder-resistor can be software-specified from 1/4 bias to 1/11 bias, according to the liquid crystal display drive duty value. The voltage followers can be turned off while multiplexing drive is not being used. For details, see the Power Supply for Liquid Crystal Display Drive section. Contrast Adjuster The contrast adjuster can be used to adjust LCD contrast in 128 steps by varying the LCD drive voltage by software. This can be used to select an appropriate LCD brightness or to compensate for temperature. LCD-Drive Power-Supply Regulator Circuit The LCD-drive power-supply regulator circuit generates an LCD-drive voltage from the reference voltage that does not depend on the LCD load current. Change of the LCD-drive voltage is controlled for the LCD load current. For details, see the Liquid Crystal Display Voltage Generator section. 23

24 CGRAM Address Map Table 4 Relationships between the CGRAM Address and the Display Screen Position Table 5 Relationships between the CGRAM Data and the Display Contents 24

25 Instructions Outline The HD66753 uses the 16-bit bus architecture. Before the internal operation of the HD66753 starts, control information is temporarily stored in the registers described below to allow high-speed interfacing with a high-performance microcomputer. The internal operation of the HD66753 is determined by signals sent from the microcomputer. These signals, which include the register selection signal (RS), the read/write signal (R/W), and the data bus signals (DB15 to DB0), make up the HD66753 instructions. There are seven categories of instructions that: Specify the index Read the status Control the display Control power management Process the graphics data Set internal CGRAM addresses Transfer data to and from the internal CGRAM Normally, instructions that write data are used the most. However, an auto-update of internal CGRAM addresses after each data write can lighten the microcomputer program load. Because instructions are executed in 0 cycles, they can be written in succession. 25

26 Instruction Descriptions Index (IR) The index instruction specifies the RAM control and control register indexes (R00 to R12). It sets the register number in the range of to in binary form. Figure 1 Index Instruction Status Read (SR) The status read instruction reads the internal status of the HD L7 0: Indicate the driving raster-row position where the liquid crystal display is being driven. C6 0: Read the contrast setting values (CT6 0). Figure 2 Status Read Instruction Start Oscillation (R00) The start oscillation instruction restarts the oscillator from the halt state in the standby mode. After issuing this instruction, wait at least 10 ms for oscillation to stabilize before issuing the next instruction. (See the Standby Mode section.) If this register is read forcibly as R/W = 1, 0753H is read. Figure 3 Start Oscillation Instruction 26

27 Driver Output Control (R01) CMS: Selects the output shift direction of a common driver. When CMS = 0, COM1/132 shifts to COM1, and COM132/1 to COM132. When CMS = 1, COM1/132 shifts to COM132, and COM132/1 to COM1. SGS: Selects the output shift direction of a segment driver. When SGS = 0, SEG1/168 shifts to SEG1, and SEG168/1 to SEG168. When SGS = 1, SEG1/168 shifts to SEG128, and SEG168/1 to SEG1. NL4-0: Specify the LCD drive duty ratio. The duty ratio can be adjusted for every eight raster-rows. CGRAM address mapping does not depend on the setting value of the drive duty ratio. Figure 4 Driver Output Control Instruction Table 6 NL Bits and Drive Duty NL4 NL3 NL2 NL1 NL0 Display Size LCD Drive Duty Common Driver Used x 8 dots 1/8 Duty COM1 COM x 16 dots 1/16 Duty COM1 COM x 24 dots 1/24 Duty COM1 COM x 32 dots 1/32 Duty COM1 COM x 40 dots 1/40 Duty COM1 COM x 48 dots 1/48 Duty COM1 COM x 56 dots 1/56 Duty COM1 COM x 64 dots 1/64 Duty COM1 COM x 72 dots 1/72 Duty COM1 COM x 80 dots 1/80 Duty COM1 COM x 88 dots 1/88 Duty COM1 COM x 96 dots 1/96 Duty COM1 COM x 104 dots 1/104 Duty COM1 COM x 112 dots 1/112 Duty COM1 COM x 120 dots 1/120 Duty COM1 COM x 128 dots 1/128 Duty COM1 COM x 132 dots 1/132 Duty COM1 COM132 27

28 LCD-Driving-Waveform Control (R02) B/C: When B/C = 0, a B-pattern waveform is generated and alternates in every frame for LCD drive. When B/C = 1, a C-pattern waveform is generated and alternates in each raster-row specified by bits EOR and NW4 NW0 in the LCD-driving-waveform control register. For details, see the n-raster-row Reversed AC Drive section. EOR: When the C-pattern waveform is set (B/C = 1) and EOR = 1, the odd/even frame-select signals and the n-raster-row reversed signals are EORed for alternating drive. EOR is used when the LCD is not alternated by combining the set values of the LCD drive duty ratio and the n raster-row. For details, see the n-raster-row Reversed AC Drive section. NW4 0: Specify the number of raster-rows n that will alternate at the C-pattern waveform setting (B/C = 1). NW4 NW0 alternate for every set value + 1 raster-row, and the first to the 32nd raster-rows can be selected. Figure 5 LCD-Driving-Waveform Control Instruction Power Control (R03) BS2 0: The LCD drive bias value is set within the range of a 1/4 to 1/11 bias. The LCD drive bias value can be selected according to its drive duty ratio and voltage. For details, see the Liquid Crystal Display Drive Bias Selector section. BT1-0: The output factor of VLOUT between two-times, three-times, four-times, five-times, six-times, and seven-times step-up is switched. The LCD drive voltage level can be selected according to its drive duty ratio and bias. Lower amplification of the step-up circuit consumes less current. PS1-0: Using the internal or external power supply is selected as the reference voltage for the LCD drive voltage generator. DC1-0: The operating frequency in the step-up circuit is selected. When the step-up operating frequency is high, the driving ability of the step-up circuit and the display quality become high, but the current consumption is increased. Adjust the frequency considering the display quality and the current consumption. AP1-0: The amount of fixed current from the fixed current source in the operational amplifier for V pins (V1 to V5) is adjusted. When the amount of fixed current is large, the LCD driving ability and the display quality become high, but the current consumption is increased. Adjust the fixed current considering the display quality and the current consumption. During no display, when AP1 0 = 00, the current consumption can be reduced by ending the operational amplifier and step-up circuit operation. 28

29 Table 7 BS Bits and LCD Drive Bias Value BS2 BS1 BS0 LCD Drive Bias Value /11 bias drive /10 bias drive /9 bias drive /8 bias drive /7 bias drive /6 bias drive /5 bias drive /4 bias drive Table 8 BT Bits and Output Level BT1 BT0 VLOUT Output Level 0 0 Three-times step-up 0 1 Five-times step-up 1 0 Six-times step-up 1 1 Seven-times step-up Table 9 DC Bits and Operating Clock Frequency DC1 DC0 Operating Clock Frequency in the Step-up Circuit divided clock divided clock divided clock 1 1 Setting inhibited Table 10 AP Bits and Amount of Fixed Current AP1 AP0 Amount of Fixed Current in the Operational Amplifier 0 0 Operational amplifier and booster do not operate. 0 1 Small 1 0 Middle 1 1 Large 29

30 Table 11 PS Bits and Reference Power Supply Switching the Reference Power Supply for the LCD Voltage Generator PS1 PS0 VREG Pin V1REF Pin VLREF Pin VLREF Regulator 0 0 Input Output from regulator 0 1 Input Output from regulator Input (internal short between V1REF and VLREF) Input 1 0 Open Open Input (from external power supply) 1 1 Setting inhibited Used Used Halt SLP: When SLP = 1, the HD66753 enters the sleep mode, where the internal display operations are halted except for the R-C oscillator, thus reducing current consumption. For details, see the Sleep Mode section. Only the following instructions can be executed during the sleep mode. Power control (BS2 0, BT1 0, DC1 0, AP1 0, SLP, and STB bits) During the sleep mode, the other CGRAM data and instructions cannot be updated although they are retained. STB: When STB = 1, the HD66753 enters the standby mode, where display operation completely stops, halting all the internal operations including the internal R-C oscillator. Further, no external clock pulses are supplied. For details, see the Standby Mode section. Only the following instructions can be executed during the standby mode. a. Standby mode cancel (STB = 0) b. Start oscillation c. Power control (BS2 0, BT1 0, DC1 0, AP1 0, SLP, and STB bits) During the standby mode, the CGRAM data and instructions may be lost. To prevent this, they must be set again after the standby mode is canceled. Figure 6 Power Control Instruction 30

31 Contrast Control (R04) CT6 0: These bits control the LCD drive voltage (potential difference between V1 and GND) to adjust 128-step contrast. For details, see the Contrast Adjuster section. Figure 7 Contrast Control Instruction Figure 8 Contrast Adjuster Table 12 CT Bits and Variable Resistor Value of Contrast Adjuster CT Set Value Variable CT6 CT5 CT4 CT3 CT2 CT1 CT0 Resistor (VR) x R x R x R x R x R x R x R x R x R 31

32 VR2 0: These bits adjust the output voltage (V1REF) for the LCD-drive reference voltage generator within the 2.8- to 6.5-times ranges of Vreg (Vci or VREG pin input voltage). Table 13 VR Bits and V1REF Voltages VR2 VR1 VR0 V1REF Voltage Setting Vreg x Vreg x Vreg x Vreg x Vreg x Vreg x Vreg x Vreg x 6.5 Entry Mode (R05) Rotation (R06) The write data sent from the microcomputer is modified in the HD66753 and written to the CGRAM. The display data in the CGRAM can be quickly rewritten to reduce the load of the microcomputer software processing. For details, see the Graphics Operation Function section. I/D: When I/D = 1, the address counter (AC) is automatically incremented by 1 after the data is written to the CGRAM. When I/D = 0, the AC is automatically decremented by 1 after the data is written to the CGRAM. AM1 0: Set the automatic update method of the AC after the data is written to the CGRAM. When AM1 0 = 00, the data is continuously written in parallel. When AM1 0 = 01, the data is continuously written vertically. When AM1 0 = 10, the data is continuously written vertically with two-word width (32-bit length). LG1 0: Write again the data read from the CGRAM and the data written from the microcomputer to the CGRAM by a logical operation. When LG1 0 = 00, replace (no logical operation) is done. ORed when LG1 0 = 01, ANDed when LG1 0 = 10, and EORed when LG1 0 = 11. RT2 0: Write the data sent from the microcomputer to the CGRAM by rotating in a bit unit. RT3 0 specify rotation. For example, when RT2 0 = 001, the data is rotated in the upper side by two bits. When RT2 0 = 111, the data is rotated in the upper side by 14 bits. The upper bit overflown in the most significant bit (MSB) side is rotated in the least significant bit (LSB) side. Figure 9 Entry Mode and Rotation Instructions 32

33 Figure 10 Logical Operation and Rotation for the CGRAM Display Control (R07) SPT: When SPT = 01, the 2-division LCD drive is performed. For details, see the Division Screen Drive section. GSH1-0: When GS = 0, the grayscale level at a brightly-colored display (when DB = 10) is selected. For details, see the 4-Grayscale Display Function section. GSL1-0: The grayscale level at a weakly-colored display (when DB = 01) is selected. Table 14 GSH Bits and Output Level GSH1 GSH0 Grayscale Output Level (DB = 10) 0 0 3/4 level grayscale control 0 1 2/3 level grayscale control 1 0 2/4 level grayscale control 1 1 Lit (No grayscale control) 33

34 Table 15 GSL Bits and Output Level GSL1 GSL0 Grayscale Output Level (DB = 01) 0 0 1/4 level grayscale control 0 1 1/3 level grayscale control 1 0 2/4 level grayscale control 1 1 Lit (No grayscale control) REV: Displays all character and graphics display sections with black-and-white reversal when REV = 1. For details, see the Reversed Display Function section. D: Display is on when D = 1 and off when D = 0. When off, the display data remains in the CGRAM, and can be displayed instantly by setting D = 1. When D is 0, the display is off with the SEG1 to SEG168 outputs and COM1 to COM132 outputs set to the GND level. Because of this, the HD66753 can control the charging current for the LCD with AC driving. Figure 11 Display Control Instruction Cursor Control (R08) C: When C = 1, the window cursor display is started. The display mode is selected by the CM1 0 bits, and the display area is specified in a dot unit by the horizontal cursor position register (HS6 0 and HE6 0 bits) and vertical cursor position register (VS6 0 and VE6 0 bits). For details, see the Window Cursor Display section. CM1 0: The display mode of the window cursor is selected. These bits can display a white-blink cursor, black-blink cursor, black-and-white reversed cursor, and black-and-white-reversed blink cursor. Figure 12 Cursor Control Instruction 34

35 Table 16 CM Bits and Window Cursor Display Mode CM 1 CM 0 Window Cursor Display Mode 0 0 White-blink cursor (alternately blinking between the normal display and an all-white display (all unlit)) 0 1 Black-blink cursor (alternately blinking between the normal display and an all-black display (all lit)) 1 0 Black-and-white reversed cursor (black-and-white-reversed normal display (no blinking)) 1 1 Black-and-white-reversed blink cursor (alternately blinking the black-and-whitereversed normal display) Horizontal Cursor Position (R0B) Vertical Cursor Position (R0C) HS7-0: Specify the start position for horizontally displaying the window cursor in a dot unit. The cursor is displayed from the 'set value + 1' dot. Ensure that HS7 0 HE7 0. HE7-0: Specify the end position for horizontally displaying the window cursor in a dot unit. The cursor is displayed to the 'set value + 1' dot. Ensure that HS7 0 HE7 0. VS7-0: Specify the start position for vertically displaying the window cursor in a dot unit. The cursor is displayed from the 'set value + 1' dot. Ensure that VS7 0 VE7 0. VE7-0: Specify the end position for vertically displaying the window cursor in a dot unit. The cursor is displayed to the 'set value + 1' dot. Ensure that VS7 0 VE7 0. Figure 13 Horizontal Cursor Position and Vertical Cursor Position Instructions 35

36 Figure 14 Window Cursor Position 1st Screen Driving Position (R0D) 2nd Screen Driving Position (R0E) SS17-10: Specify the driving start position for the first screen in a line unit. The LCD driving starts from the 'set value + 1' common driver. SE17-10: Specify the driving end position for the first screen in a line unit. The LCD driving is performed to the 'set value + 1' common driver. For instance, when SS17-10 = 07H and SE17-10 = 10H are set, the LCD driving is performed from COM8 to COM17, and non-selection driving is performed for COM1 to COM7, COM18, and others. Ensure that SS17 10 SE H. For details, see the Screen Division Driving Function section. SS27-20: Specify the driving start position for the second screen in a line unit. The LCD driving starts from the 'set value + 1' common driver. The second screen is driven when SPT = 1. SE27-20: Specify the driving end position for the second screen in a line unit. The LCD driving is performed to the 'set value + 1' common driver. For instance, when SPT = 1, SS27-20 = 20H, and SE27-20 = 5FH are set, the LCD driving is performed from COM33 to COM96 and the non-selected driving is performed from COM1 to COM7 and COM18 and followings. Ensure that SS17 10 SE17 10 < SS27 20 SE H. For details, see the Screen Division Driving Function section. Figure 15 1st Screen Driving Position and 2nd Screen Driving Position RAM Write Data Mask (R10) WM15-0: In writing to the CGRAM, these bits mask writing in a bit unit. When WM15 = 1, this bit masks the write data of DB15 and does not write to the CGRAM. Similarly, the WM14 0 bits mask the write data of DB14 0 in a bit unit. However, when AM = 10, the write data is masked with the set values of WM15 0 for the odd-times CGRAM write. It is also masked automatically with the reversed 36

37 set values of WM15 0 for the even-times CGRAM write. For details, see the Graphics Operation Function section. Figure 16 RAM Write Data Mask Instruction 37

38 RAM Address Set (R11) AD12-0: Initially set CGRAM addresses to the address counter (AC). Once the CGRAM data is written, the AC is automatically updated according to the AM1 0 and I/D bit settings. This allows consecutive accesses without resetting addresses. Once the CGRAM data is read, the AC is not automatically updated. CGRAM address setting is not allowed in the sleep mode or standby mode. Figure 17 RAM Address Set Instruction Table 17 AD Bits and CGRAM Settings AD12 AD0 CGRAM Setting "0000"H "0014"H Bitmap data for COM1 "0020"H "0034"H Bitmap data for COM2 "0040"H "0054"H Bitmap data for COM3 "0060"H "0074"H Bitmap data for COM4 "0080"H "0094"H Bitmap data for COM5 "00A0"H "00B4"H Bitmap data for COM6 : : "0FC0"H "0FD4"H Bitmap data for COM127 "0FE0"H "0FF4"H Bitmap data for COM128 "1000"H "1014"H Bitmap data for COM129 "1020"H "1034"H Bitmap data for COM130 "1040"H "1054"H Bitmap data for COM131 "1060"H "1074"H Bitmap data for COM132 Write Data to CGRAM (R12) WD15-0 : Write 16-bit data to the CGRAM. After a write, the address is automatically updated according to the AM1 0 and I/D bit settings. During the sleep and standby modes, the CGRAM cannot be accessed. Figure 18 Write Data to CGRAM Instruction 38

39 Read Data from CGRAM (R12) RD15-0 : Read 16-bit data from the CGRAM. When the data is read to the microcomputer, the firstword read immediately after the CGRAM address setting is latched from the CGRAM to the internal read-data latch. The data on the data bus (DB15 0) becomes invalid and the second-word read is normal. When bit processing, such as a logical operation, is performed within the HD66753, only one read can be processed since the latched data in the first word is used. For the clock-synchronized serial interface, the 5-byte data is invalid. For details, see the Serial Data Transfer section. Figure 19 Read Data from CGRAM Instruction Figure 20 CGRAM Read Sequence 39

40 Table 18 Instruction List Upper Code Lower Code Reg. No. Register Name R/ W RS DB1 5 DB1 4 DB1 3 DB1 2 DB1 1 DB1 0 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 IR Index 0 0 * * * * * * * * * * * ID4 ID3 ID2 ID1 ID0 SR Status read 1 0 L7 L6 L5 L4 L3 L2 L1 L0 0 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 R00 Start oscillation 0 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 R01 R02 Device code read Driver output control LCD-drivingwaveform control * * * * * * CMS SGS * * * NL4 NL3 NL2 NL1 NL0 0 1 * * * * * * * * * B/C EOR NW 4 NW 3 NW 2 NW 1 NW 0 R03 Power control 0 1 * * * BS2 BS1 BS0 BT1 BT0 PS1 PS0 DC1 DC0 AP1 AP0 SLP STB R04 Contrast control 0 1 * * * * * VR2 VR1 VR0 * CT6 CT5 CT4 CT3 CT2 CT1 CT0 R05 Entry mode 0 1 * * * * * * * * * * * I/D AM1 AM0 LG1 LG0 R06 Rotation 0 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * RT2 RT1 RT0 R07 Display control 0 1 * * * * * * * SPT * * GSH GSH GSL GSL 0 REV D R08 Cursor control 0 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * C CM 1 CM 0 R09 NOOP 0 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * R0A NOOP 0 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * R0B Horizontal cursor position 0 1 HE7 HE6 HE5 HE4 HE3 HE2 HE1 HE0 HS7 HS6 HS5 HS4 HS3 HS2 HS1 HS0 R0C Vertical cursor position 0 1 VE7 VE6 VE5 VE4 VE3 VE2 VE1 VE0 VS7 VS6 VS5 VS4 VS3 VS2 VS1 VS0 R0D 1st screen 0 1 SE driving position 17 SE 16 SE 15 SE 14 SE 13 SE 12 SE 11 SE 10 SS 17 SS 16 SS 15 SS 14 SS 13 SS 12 SS 11 SS 10 R0E 2nd screen 0 1 SE driving position 27 SE 26 SE 25 SE 24 SE 23 SE 22 SE 21 SE 20 SS 27 SS 26 SS 25 SS 24 SS 23 SS 22 SS 21 SS 20 R10 RAM write data mask 0 1 WM 15 WM 14 WM 13 WM 12 WM 11 WM 10 WM 9 WM 8 WM 7 WM 6 WM 5 WM 4 WM 3 WM 2 WM 1 WM 0 R11 RAM address set 0 1 * * * AD12-8 (upper)) AD7-0 (lower) R12 RAM data write 0 1 Write data (upper) Write data (lower) RAM data read 1 1 Read data (upper) Read data (lower) Note: '*' means 'doesn't matter'. 40

41 Table 18 Instruction List (cont) Reg. No. Register Name Description IR Index Sets the index register value. 0 SR Status read Reads the driving raster-row position (L7-0) and contrast setting (C6-0). 0 R00 R01 R02 R03 R04 Start oscillation Device code read Driver output control LCD-drivingwaveform control Starts the oscillation mode. Reads 0753H. 0 Sets the common driver shift direction (CMS), segment driver shift direction (SGS), and driving duty ratio (NL4-0). Sets the LCD drive AC waveform (B/C), and EOR output (EOR) or the number of n-raster-rows (NW4-0) at C-pattern AC drive. Power control Sets the sleep mode (SLP), standby mode (STB), LCD power on (AP1-0), boosting cycle (DC1-0), boosting output multiplying factor (BT1-0), reference power supply (PS1-0), and LCD drive bias value (BS2-0). Contrast control Sets the contrast adjustment (CT6-0) and regulator adjustment (VR2-0). 0 R05 Entry mode Specifies the logical operation (LG1-0), AC counter mode (AM1-0), and increment/decrement mode (I/D). R06 Rotation Specifies the amount of write-data rotation (RT2-0). 0 R07 Display control Specifies display on (D), black-and-white reversed display (REV), 0 grayscale mode (GS), double-height display on (DHE), and partial scroll (PS1-0). R08 Cursor control Specifies cursor display on (C) and cursor display mode (CM1-0). 0 R09 NOOP No operation 0 R0A NOOP No operation 0 R0B Horizontal cursor position R0C Vertical cursor position R0D 1st screen driving position R0E R10 R11 R12 2nd screen driving position RAM write data mask RAM address set RAM data write RAM data read Sets horizontal cursor start (HS6-0) and end (HE6-0). 0 Sets vertical cursor start (VS6-0) and end (VE6-0). 0 Sets 1st screen driving start (SS17-10) and end (SE17-10). 0 Sets 2nd screen driving start (SS27-20) and end (SE27-20). 0 Specifies write data mask (WM15-0) at RAM write. 0 Initially sets the RAM address to the address counter (AC). 0 Writes data to the RAM. 0 Reads data from the RAM. 0 Execution Cycle 10 ms

42 Reset Function The HD66753 is internally initialized by RESET input. Because the busy flag (BF) indicates a busy state (BF = 1) during the reset period, no instruction or CGRAM data access from the MPU is accepted. The reset input must be held for at least 1 ms. Do not access the CGRAM or initially set the instructions until the R-C oscillation frequency is stable after power has been supplied (10 ms). Instruction Set Initialization: 1. Start oscillation executed 2. Driver output control (NL4 0 = 10000, SGS = 0, CMS = 0) 3. B-pattern waveform AC drive (B/C = 0, ECR = 0, NW4 0 = 00000) 4. Power control (PS1 0 = 00, DC1 0 = 00, AP1 0 = 00: LCD power off, SLP = 0: Sleep mode off, STB = 0: Standby mode off) 5. 1/11 bias drive (BS2 0 = 000), Three-times step-up (BT1 0 = 00), Weak contrast (CT6 0 = ), 2.8-times output voltage for LCD-drive reference voltage generator (VR2 0 = 000) 6. Entry mode set (I/D = 1: Increment by 1, AM1 0 = 00: Horizontal move, LG1 0 = 00: Replace mode) 7. Rotation (RT2 0 = 000: No shift) 8. Display control (SPT = 0: GSH1-0 = GSL1-0 = 00, REV = 0, GS = 0, D = 0: Display off) 9. Cursor control (C = 0: Cursor display off, CM1 0 = 00) 10.1st screen division (SS17 10 = , SE17 10 = ) 11.2nd screen division (SS27 20 = , SE27 20 = ) 12.Window cursor display position (HS7 0 = HE7 0 = VS7 0 = VE7 0 = ) 13.RAM write data mask (WM15 0 = 0000H: No mask) 14. RAM address set (AD12 0 = 000H) CGRAM Data Initialization: This is not automatically initialized by reset input but must be initialized by software while display is off (D = 0). Output Pin Initialization: 1. LCD driver output pins (SEG/COM): Outputs GND level 2. Step-up circuit output pins (VLOUT): Outputs Vcc level 3. Oscillator output pin (OSC2): Outputs oscillation signal 42

43 Parallel Data Transfer 16-bit Bus Interface Setting the IM2/1/0 (interface mode) to the GND/GND/GND level allows 68-system E-clocksynchronized 16-bit parallel data transfer. Setting the IM2/1/0 to the GND/Vcc/GND level allows 80- system 16-bit parallel data transfer. When the number of buses or the mounting area is limited, use an 8-bit bus interface. Figure 21 Interface to 16-bit Microcomputer 8-bit Bus Interface Setting the IM2/1/0 (interface mode) to the GND/GND/Vcc level allows 68-system E-clocksynchronized 8-bit parallel data transfer using pins DB15 DB8. Setting the IM2/1/0 to the GND/Vcc/Vcc level allows 80-system 8-bit parallel data transfer. The 16-bit instructions and RAM data are divided into eight upper/lower bits and the transfer starts from the upper eight bits. Fix unused pins DB7 DB0 to the Vcc or GND level. Note that the upper bytes must also be written when the index register is written to. Figure 22 Interface to 8-bit Microcomputer Note: Transfer synchronization function for an 8-bit bus interface The HD66753 supports the transfer synchronization function which resets the upper/lower counter to count upper/lower 8-bit data transfer in the 8-bit bus interface. Noise causing transfer mismatch between the eight upper and lower bits can be corrected by a reset triggered by consecutively writing a 00H instruction four times. The next transfer starts from the upper eight bits. Executing synchronization function periodically can recover any runaway in the display system. 43

44 Figure 23 8-bit Transfer Synchronization 44

45 Serial Data Transfer Setting the IM1 and IM2 pins (interface mode pins) to the Vcc or GND level allows standard clocksynchronized serial data transfer, using the chip select line (CS*), serial data line (SDA), and serial transfer clock line (SCL). For a serial interface, the IM0/ID pin function uses an ID pin. The HD66753 initiates serial data transfer by transferring the start byte at the falling edge of CS* input. It ends serial data transfer at the rising edge of CS* input. The HD66753 is selected when the 6-bit chip address in the start byte transferred from the transmitting device matches the 6-bit device identification code assigned to the HD The HD66753, when selected, receives the subsequent data string. The least significant bit of the identification code can be determined by the ID pin. The five upper bits must be Two different chip addresses must be assigned to a single HD66753 because the seventh bit of the start byte is used as a register select bit (RS): that is, when RS = 0, an index register can be written to or the status can be read from, and when RS = 1, an instruction can be written to or the data can be written to or read from RAM. Read or write is selected according to the eighth bit of the start byte (R/W bit) as shown in table 19. After receiving the start byte, the HD66753 receives or transmits the subsequent data byte-by-byte. The data is transferred with the MSB first. Since all the instructions in the HD66753 are configured by 16 bits, they are internally executed after two bytes have been transferred with the MSB first (DB15-0). The HD66753 internally receives the first byte as upper eight bits of instructions, and the second byte as lower eight bits. Five bytes of RAM read data after the start byte are invalid. The HD66753 starts to read correct RAM data from the sixth byte. Table 19 Start Byte Format Transfer Bit S Start byte format Transfer start Device ID code RS R/ W Note: ID bit is selected by the IM0/ID pin ID Table 20 RS and R/W Bit Functions RS R/W Function 0 0 Writes index register 0 1 Reads status 1 0 Writes instructions and RAM data 1 1 Reads RAM data 45

46 Figure 24 Clock-synchronized Serial Interface Timing Sequence 46

47 Graphics Operation Function The HD66753 can greatly reduce the load of the microcomputer graphics software processing through the 16-bit bus architecture and graphics-bit operation function. This function supports the following: 1. A write data mask function that selectively rewrites some of the bits in the 16-bit write data. 2. A bit rotation function that shifts and writes the data sent from the microcomputer in a bit unit. 3. A logical operation function that writes the data sent from the microcomputer and the original RAM data by a logical operation. Since the display data in the graphics RAM (CGRAM) can be quickly rewritten, the load of the microcomputer processing can be reduced in the large display screen when a font pattern, such as kanji characters, is developed for any position (BiTBLT processing). The graphics bit operation can be controlled by combining the entry mode register, the bit set value of the RAM-write-data mask register, and the read/write from the microcomputer. Table 21 Graphics Operation Bit Setting Operation Mode I/D AM LG Operation and Usage Write mode 1 0/ Horizontal data replacement, horizontal-border drawing Write mode 2 0/ Vertical data replacement, font development, verticalborder drawing Write mode 3 0/ Vertical data replacement with two-word width, kanjifont development Read/write mode 1 0/ Horizontal data replacement with logical operation, horizontal-border drawing Read/write mode 2 0/ Vertical data replacement with logical operation, vertical-border drawing Read/write mode 3 0/ Horizontal data replacement with two-word-width logical operation 47

48 Figure 25 Data Processing Flow of the Graphics Bit Operation 48

49 1. Write mode 1: AM1 0 = 00, LG1 0 = 00 HD66753 This mode is used when the data is horizontally written at high speed. It can also be used to initialize the graphics RAM (CGRAM) or to draw borders. The rotation function (RT2 0) or write-data mask function (WM15 0) are also enabled in these operations. After writing, the address counter (AC) automatically increments by 1 (I/D = 1) or decrements by 1 (I/D = 0), and automatically jumps to the counter edge one-raster-row below after it has reached the left edge of the graphics RAM. Figure 26 Writing Operation of Write Mode 1 49

50 2. Write mode 2: AM1 0 = 01, LG1 0 = 00 This mode is used when the data is vertically written at high speed. It can also be used to initialize the graphics RAM (CGRAM), develop the font pattern in the vertical direction, or draw borders. The rotation function (RT2 0) or write-data mask function (WM15 0) are also enabled in these operations. After writing, the address counter (AC) automatically increments by 20, and automatically jumps to the upper-right edge (I/D = 1) or upper-left edge (I/D = 0) following the I/D bit after it has reached the lower edge of the graphics RAM. Figure 27 Writing Operation of Write Mode 2 50

51 3. Write mode 3: AM1 0 = 10, LG1 0 = 00 HD66753 This mode is used when the data is written at high speed by vertically shifting bits. It can also be used to write the 16-bit data for two words into the graphics RAM (CGRAM), develop the font pattern, or transfer the BiTBLT as a bit unit. The rotation function (RT2 0) or write-data mask function (WM15 0) are also enabled in these operation. However, although the write-data mask function masks the bit position set with the write-data mask register (WM15 0) at the odd-times (such as the first or third) write, the function masks the bit position that reversed the setting value of the write-data mask register (WM15 0) at the even-times (such as the second or fourth) write. After the odd-times writing, the address counter (AC) automatically increments by 1 (I/D = 1) or decrements by 1 (I/D = 0). After the even-times writing, the AC automatically increments or decrements by (I/D = 1) or (I/D = 0). The AC automatically jumps to the upper edge after it has reached the lower edge of the graphics RAM. Figure 28 Writing Operation of Write Mode 3 51

52 4. Read/Write mode 1: AM1 0 = 00, LG1 0 = 01/10/11 This mode is used when the data is horizontally written at high speed by performing a logical operation with the original data. It reads the display data (original data), which has already been written in the graphics RAM (CGRAM), performs a logical operation with the write data sent from the microcomputer, and rewrites the data to the CGRAM. This mode can read the data during the same bus cycle as for the write operation since the read operation of the original data does not latch the read data into the microcomputer and temporarily holds it in the read-data latch. (However, the bus cycle must be the same as the read cycle.) The rotation function (RT2 0) or write-data mask function (WM15 0) are also enabled in these operations. After writing, the address counter (AC) automatically increments by 1 (I/D = 1) or decrements by 1 (I/D = 0), and automatically jumps to the counter edge one-raster-row below after it has reached the left or right edges of the graphics RAM. Figure 29 Writing Operation of Read/Write Mode 1 52

53 5. Read/Write mode 2: AM1 0 = 01, LG1 0 = 01/10/11 HD66753 This mode is used when the data is vertically written at high speed by performing a logical operation with the original data. It reads the display data (original data), which has already been written in the graphics RAM (CGRAM), performs a logical operation with the write data sent from the microcomputer, and rewrites the data to the CGRAM. This mode can read the data during the same bus cycle as for the write operation since the read operation of the original data does not latch the read data into the microcomputer and temporarily holds it in the read-data latch. The rotation function (RT2 0) or write-data mask function (WM15 0) are also enabled in these operations. After writing, the address counter (AC) automatically increments by 20, and automatically jumps to the upper-right edge (I/D = 1) or upper-left edge (I/D = 0) following the I/D bit after it has reached the lower edge of the graphics RAM. Figure 30 Writing Operation of Read/Write Mode 2 53

54 6. Read/Write mode 3: AM1 0 = 10, LG1 0 = 01/10/11 This mode is used when the data is written with high speed by vertically shifting bits and by performing logical operation with the original data. It can be also used to write the 16-bit data for two words into the graphics RAM (CGRAM), develop the font pattern, or transfer the BiTBLT as a bit unit. This mode can read the data during the same bus cycle as for the write operation since the read operation of the original data does not latch the read data into the microcomputer and temporarily holds it in the read-data latch. The rotation function (RT2 0) or write-data mask function (WM15 0) are also enabled in these operations. However, although the write-data mask function masks the bit position set with the write-data mask register (WM15 0) at the odd-times (such as the first or third) write, the function masks the bit position which reversed the setting value of the write-data mask register (WM15 0) at the even-times (such as the second or fourth) write. After the odd-times writing, the address counter (AC) automatically increments by 1 (I/D = 1) or decrements by 1 (I/D = 0). After the even-times writing, the AC automatically increments or decrements by (I/D = 1) or (I/D = 0). The AC automatically jumps to the upper edge after it has reached the lower edge of the graphics RAM. 54

55 Figure 31 Writing Operation of Read/Write Mode 3 55

56 Oscillation Circuit The HD66753 can either be supplied with operating pulses externally (external clock mode) or oscillate using an internal R-C oscillator with an external oscillator-resistor (external resistor oscillation mode). Note that in R-C oscillation, the oscillation frequency is changed according to the internal capacitance value, the external resistance value, or operating power-supply voltage. Figure 32 Oscillation Circuits Table 22 Relationship between Liquid Crystal Drive Duty Ratio and Frame Frequency LCD Duty NL4 0 Set Value Recommended Drive Bias Value Frame Frequency 1/24 02H 1/6 72 Hz /32 03H 1/6 71 Hz /40 04H 1/7 71 Hz /48 05H 1/8 72 Hz /56 06H 1/8 71 Hz /64 07H 1/9 71 Hz /72 08H 1/9 69 Hz /80 09H 1/10 69 Hz /88 0AH 1/10 71 Hz /96 0BH 1/10 69 Hz /104 0CH 1/11 69 Hz /112 0DH 1/11 69 Hz /120 0EH 1/11 69 Hz /128 0FH 1/11 71 Hz /132 10H 1/11 69 Hz 1452 Note: One-frame Clock The frame frequency above is for 100-kHz operation and proportions the oscillation frequency (fosc). 56

57 Figure 33 LCD Drive Output Waveform (B-pattern AC Drive with 1/132 Multiplexing Duty Ratio) 57

58 n-raster-row Reversed AC Drive The HD66753 supports not only the LCD reversed AC drive in a one-frame unit (B-pattern waveform) but also the n-raster-row reversed AC drive which alternates in an n-raster-row unit from one to 32 raster-rows (C-pattern waveform). When a problem affecting display quality occurs, such as crosstalk at high-duty driving of more than 1/64 duty, the n-raster-row reversed AC drive (C-pattern waveform) can improve the quality. Determine the number of raster-rows n (NW bit set value + 1) for alternating after confirmation of the display quality with the actual LCD panel. However, if the number of AC rasterrows is reduced, the LCD alternating frequency becomes high. Because of this, the charge or discharge current is increased in the LCD cells. Figure 34 Example of an AC Signal under n-raster-row Reversed AC Drive 58

59 Liquid Crystal Display Voltage Generator When External Power Supply and Internal Operational Amplifiers are Used To supply LCD drive voltage directly from the external power supply without using the internal step-up circuit, circuits should be connected as shown in figure 35. Here, contrast can be adjusted by software through the CT bits of the contrast adjustment register. Since the VLREF input is the reference voltage to determine the LCD drive voltage, fluctuation of the voltage must be minimized. The HD66753 incorporates a voltage-follower operational amplifier for each V1 to V5 to reduce current flowing through the internal bleeder-resistors, which generate different levels of liquid-crystal drive voltages. Thus, potential difference between V LPS and V1 must be 0.1 V or higher, and that between V4 and GND must be 1.4 V or higher. Note that the OPOFF pin must be grounded when using the operational amplifiers. Place a capacitor of about 0.47 µf (B characteristics) between each internal operational amplifier (V1OUT to V5OUT outputs) and GND and stabilize the output level of the operational amplifier. Adjust the capacitance value of the stabilized capacitor after the LCD panel has been mounted and the screen quality has been confirmed. 59

60 Figure 35 External Power Supply Circuit for LCD Drive Voltage Generation 60

61 When an Internal Booster and Internal Operational Amplifiers are Used To supply LCD drive voltage using the internal step-up circuit, circuits should be connected as shown in figure 36. Generate a higher voltage (VLPS) of the internal operational amplifier than the output voltage (V1REF) of the LCD drive voltage regulator. Here, contrast can be adjusted through the CT bits of the contrast control instruction. The HD66753 incorporates a voltage-follower operational amplifier for each of V1 to V5 to reduce current flowing through the internal bleeder-resistors, which generate different liquid-crystal drive voltages. Thus, potential difference between V LPS and V1 must be 0.1 V or higher, and that between V4 and GND must be 1.4 V or higher. Note that the OPOFF pin must be grounded when using the operational amplifiers. Place a capacitor of about 0.47 µf (B characteristics) between each internal operational amplifier (V1OUT to V5OUT outputs) and GND and stabilize the output level of the operational amplifier. Adjust the capacitance value of the stabilized capacitor after the LCD panel has been mounted and the screen quality has been confirmed. 61

62 Figure 36 Internal Step-up Circuit for LCD Drive Voltage Generation 62

63 Temperature can be compensated either through the CT bits by software, by controlling the reference voltage for the LCD drive voltage regulator (VREG pin) using a thermistor, or by controlling the reference output voltage of the LCD drive voltage regulator (V1REF pin). Figure 37 Temperature Compensation Circuits (1) 63

64 Figure 38 Temperature Compensation Circuits (2) 64

65 Countermeasures for Screen Quality when Using On-chip Operational Amplifier The HD66753 is an on-chip LCD driver that has an LCD power supply for high duty. Screen quality is affected by the load current of the high-duty LCD panel used. When the bias (1/11 bias, 1/10 bias, 1/9 bias, etc.) is high and the displayed pattern is completely or almost completely white, the white sections may appear dark. If this happens, execute the following countermeasures to improve screen quality. (1) After the change in the V4OUT/V3OUT level is verified, insert about 1 MΩ between V4OUT and GND or VLPS and V3OUT and then adjust the screen quality (see the following figures). By inserting resistance, the current consumption increases as much as the boosting factor of the resistance current. Adjust the resistance after checking the screen quality and the increase in current consumption. (2) Decrease the drive bias and use the new bias level after verifying that the potential differences between V4OUT and GND or VLPS and V3OUT are sufficient. Figure 39 Countermeasure for V4OUT Output Figure 40 Countermeasure for V3OUT Output Note: The actual LCD drive voltage VLREF used must not exceed 16.5 V. 65

66 Switching the Step-up Factor Instruction bits (BT1/0 bits) can optionally select the step-up factor of the internal step-up circuit. According to the display status, power consumption can be reduced by changing the LCD drive duty and the LCD drive bias, and by controlling the step-up factor for the minimum requirements. For details, see the Partial-display-on Function section. According to the maximum step-up factor, external capacitors need to be connected. For example, when the maximum step-up is six times or five times, capacitors between C6+ and C6 or between C5+ and C5 are needed as in the case of the seven-times step-up. When the step-up is three-times, capacitors between C1+ and C1 or between C4+ and C4 are not needed. Place a capacitor with a breakdown voltage of three times or more the Vci-GND voltage between C6+ and C6 and between C3+ and C3, a capacitor with a breakdown voltage larger than the Vci-GND voltage between C1+ and C1, C2+ and C2, C4+ and C4, and C5+ and C5, and a capacitor with a breakdown voltage of n times or more the Vci-GND voltage to VLOUT (n: step-up factor) (see figure 37). Note: Determine the capacitor breakdown voltages by checking Vci voltage fluctuation. Table 23 VLOUT Output Status BT1 BT0 VLOUT Output Status 0 0 Three-times step-up output 0 1 Five-times step-up output 1 0 Six-times step-up output 1 1 Seven-times step-up output 66

67 Figure 41 Step-up Circuit Output Factor Switching 67

68 Example of Power-supply Voltage Generator for More Than Seven-times Step-up Output The HD66753 incorporates a step-up circuit for up to seven-times step-up. However, the LCD drive voltage (VLREF) will not be enough for seven-times step-up from Vcc when the power-supply voltage of Vcc is low or when the LCD drive voltage is high for the high-contrast LCD display. In this case, the reference voltage (Vci) for step-up can be set higher than the power-supply voltage of Vcc. When the step-up factor is high, the current driving ability is lowered and insufficient display quality may result. In this case, the step-up ability can be improved by decreasing the step-up factor as shown in the step-up circuit in figure 42. Set the Vci input voltage for the step-up circuit to 3.6 V or less. Control the Vci voltage so that the step-up output voltage (VLOUT) should be less than the absolute maximum ratings (20.5 V). Figure 42 Usage Example of Step-up Circuit at Vci > Vcc 68

69 Precautions when Switching Boosting Circuit The boosting factor of the HD66753 can be switched between 3, 5, 6, and 7 times by instruction. When the factor is switched, there is a transition period before the voltage from VLOUT stabilizes. When VLOUT is used as the VLPS, the boosting factor is changed by switching the BT bit, and the supply voltage for the VLPS is changed, a direct current may be applied to the LCD display if the display is on during the transition period. When the output voltage of the VLOUT pin is changed, the display must be switched off and on after the output voltage stabilizes. Table 24 Instructions Accompanying Change in Boosting Factor (example) Display Contents Instructions All display drive in 1/128 duty to 1/48 duty drive (1) Display control (R7) 0x0000 (2) Power control (R1) 0x1914 (3) 10-ms wait (4) Contrast control (R4) 0x0006 (5) Driver output control (R1) 0x0245 (6) Display control (R7) 0x

70 Contrast Adjuster Software can adjust 128-step contrast for an LCD by varying the liquid-crystal drive voltage (potential difference between V LREF and V1) through the CT bits of the contrast adjustment register (electron volume function). The value of a variable resistor between V LREF and V1 (VR) can be precisely adjusted in a 0.05 x R unit within a range from 0.05 x R through 6.40 x R, where R is a reference resistance obtained by dividing the total resistance. The HD66753 incorporates a voltage-follower operational amplifier for each of V1 to V5 to reduce current flowing through the internal bleeder resistors, which generate different liquid-crystal drive voltages. Thus, CT5-0 bits must be adjusted so that potential difference between V LPS and V1 is 0.1 V or higher and that between V4 and GND is 1.4 V or higher when liquid-crystal drives, particularly when the VR is small. Figure 43 Contrast Adjuster 70

71 Table 25 Contrast Adjustment Bits (CT) and Variable Resistor Values 71

72 Table 26 Contrast Adjustment per Bias Drive Voltage 72

73 Liquid-crystal-display Drive-bias Selector An optimum liquid-crystal-display bias value can be selected using the BS2-0 bits, according to the liquid crystal drive duty ratio setting (NL4-0 bits). The liquid-crystal-display drive duty ratio and bias value can be displayed while switching software applications to match the LCD panel display status. The optimum bias value calculated using the following expression is a logical optimum value. Driving by using a lower value than the optimum bias value provides lower logical contrast and lower liquidcrystal-display voltage (the potential difference between V1 and GND), which results in better image quality. When the liquid-crystal-display voltage is insufficient even if a seven-times step-up circuit is used, when the step-up driving ability is lowered by setting a high factor for the step-up circuit, or when the output voltage is lowered because the battery life has been reached, the display can be made easier to see by lowering the liquid-crystal-display bias. The liquid crystal display can be adjusted by using the contrast adjustment register (CT6-0 bits) and selecting the step-up output level (BT1/0 bits). Table 27 LCD drive duty ratio (NL4-0 set value) Optimum drive bias value (BS2-0 set value) Optimum Drive Bias Values 1/13 2 1/12 8 1/12 0 1/11 2 1/10 4 1/96 1/88 1/80 1/72 1/64 1/32 1/24 1/16 10H 0FH 0EH 0DH 0CH 0BH 0AH 09H 08H 07H 03H 02H 01H 1/11 1/11 1/11 1/11 1/11 1/10 1/10 1/10 1/9 1/9 1/6 1/6 1/

74 Figure 44 Liquid Crystal Display Drive Bias Circuit 74

75 Four-grayscale Display Function The HD66753 supports the four-grayscale monochrome display function. The four-grayscale monochrome display is used for the display data of the two-bit pixel set sent to the CGRAM. There are four grayscale levels: always unlit, weak middle level, bright middle level, and always lit. In the middlelevel grayscale display, the GSL1-0 and GSH1-0 bits can select the grayscale level, respectively. The frame rate control (FRC) method, which is used for grayscale control, can reduce charge/discharge current in the LCD glass during grayscale display. Table 28 Relationships between the CGRAM Data and the Display Contents Upper Bit Lower Bit Liquid Crystal Display 0 0 Non-selected (unlit) 0 1 GSL1-0 = 00: 1/4-level grayscale (one frame lit during a four-frame period) GSL1-0 = 01: 1/3-level grayscale (one frame lit during a three-frame period) GSL1-0 = 10: 2/4-level grayscale (two frames lit during a four-frame period) GSL1-0 = 11: Lit (no grayscale control) 1 0 GSH1-0 = 00: 3/4-level grayscale (three frames lit during a fourframe period) 1 1 Selected (lit) Note: GSH1-0 = 01: 2/3-level grayscale (two frames lit during a threeframe period) GSH1-0 = 10: 2/4-level grayscale (two frames lit during a four-frame period) GSH1-0 = 11: Lit (no grayscale control) Upper bits: DB15, DB13, DB11, DB9, DB7, DB5, DB3, and DB1 Lower bits: DB14, DB12, DB10, DB8, DB6, DB4, DB2, and DB0 75

76 Figure 45 Four-grayscale Monochrome Display 76

77 Window Cursor Display Function The HD66753 displays the window cursor by specifying a window area. The horizontal display position of the window cursor is specified with the horizontal cursor position register (HS6-0 to HE6-0), and the vertical display position is specified with the vertical cursor position register (VS6-0 or VE6-0). In these display position setting registers, ensure that HS6-0 HE6-0 and VS6-0 VE6-0. If these relationships are not satisfied, normal display cannot be attained. In addition, if the setting is VS6-0 = VE6-0 = 00H, a cursor is displayed on a raster-row at the most-upper edge of the screen. This window cursor can automatically display the hardware-supported block cursor, highlight window, or menu bar. The CM1-0 bits select the following four displays in each window cursor: 1. White-blink cursor (CM1-0 = 00): Alternately blinks between the normal display and an all-white (unlit) display 2. Black-blink cursor (CM1-0 = 01): Alternately blinks between the normal display and an all-black (all lit) display 3. Black-and-white reversed cursor (CM1-0 = 10): Normal black-and-white-reversed display (without blinking) 4. Black-and-white reversed blinking cursor (CM1-0 = 11): Alternately blinks between the normal display and a black-and-white-reversed display The above blinking display is switched in a 32-frame unit. To set a range of the window cursor, specify the display area. Figure 46 White Blink Cursor Display Figure 47 Black Blink Cursor Display 76

78 Figure 48 Black-and-white Reversed Cursor Display Figure 49 Black-and-white Reversed Blink Cursor Display 77

79 Reversed Display Function The HD66753 can display graphics display sections by black-and-white reversal. Black-and-white reversal can be easily displayed when the REV bit in the display control register is set to 1. Figure 50 Reversed Display 78

80 Screen-division Driving Function The HD66753 can select and drive two screens at any position with the screen-driving position registers (R0D and R0E). Any two screens required for display are selectively driven and a duty ratio is lowered by LCD-driving duty setting (NL4-0), thus reducing LCD-driving voltage and power consumption. For the 1st division screen, start line (SS17-10) and end line (SE17-10) are specified by the 1st screendriving position register (R0D). For the 2nd division screen, start line (SS27-20) and end line (SE27-20) are specified by the 2nd screen-driving position register (R0E). The 2nd screen control is effective when the SPT bit is 1. The total count of selection-driving lines for the 1st and 2nd screens must correspond to the LCD-driving duty set value. Figure 51 Display Example in 2-screen Division Driving 79