Computer Fundamental and Organization

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Computer Fundamental and Organization"

Chad Joseph
5 years ago
Views:

1 Computer Fundamental and Organization Unit-1 Computer Basics Answer the following in brief(short Question) 1. Draw the Structure of Computer Organization. 2. Which are the capabilities of Processing Unit? 3. What is the work of Memory Unit? 4. How can we say computer satisfy the diligence characteristics? 5. How stored program concept is essential? 6. Give the full form of following abbreviation used in computer terminology: IBM, ENIAC, DVAC, EDSAC,UNIVAC I, IC, SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, ULSI. 7. Define the structure of vacuum tube. 8. What are the advantages of transistors over vacuum tubes? 9. What is an IC? How it helps in reducing the size of computers? 10. What is the key difference between LSI and VLSI? 11. List main three functions of input unit. 12. What does storage unit stores? Answer the following in detail.(long Question) 1. Explain the simple model of computer. 2. List and explain at least eight characteristics of computer. 3. Pick out a recipe tea and express it as step-by-step procedure. 4. Devise flowchart corresponding to algorithm of question-4 given in the text. 5. Using the model of computer explain how question-5 flowchart will be executed by computer. 6. Give the difference between all generation (period) of computers for features like hardware technologies and key characteristics of that period s computer. 7. Give the difference between all generation (period) of computers for features like software technologies and some representative system during that period. 8. List all characteristics of forth generation computer and explain any six in brief. 9. Draw Von Neumann architecture to illustrate the basic organization of computer system and explain the functions of the various units. 10. How many types of storage are normally there in the storage unit of computer system? Justify the need for each storage type. 11. Differentiate between the characteristics of primary and secondary storage of a computer system. Answer the following multiple choice question. Among the following which one is a characteristic of computer. (A) Algorithm (B) Programming Language (C) No I.Q. (D) Flowchart Which one of below not belong to ENIAC (A) Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (B) Eckert and Mauchly (C) University of Pennsylvania Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 1

2 (D) None of above Transistors were introduced in which computer generation? (A) Second (B) Third (C) Forth (D) Fifth Multimedia application was introduced in which computer generation? (A) Second (B) Third (C) Forth (D) Fifth Portable computers were introduced in which computer generation? (A) Second (B) Third (C) Forth (D) Fifth Rectangles are used to represent (A) Input operation (B) Output operation (C) Start and stop (D) All of these Who invented second generation computer? (A) John Bardeen (B) Jack Kilby (C) Eckert and Mauchly Vacuum tubes are used in which computer generation? (A) Fifth (B) Fourth (C) First (D) Second UNIVAC is the example of which computer generation? (A) Second (B) First (C) Third (D) None of this State the following statement as true or false and provide proper justification. 1. Most instructions are carried out in less than a hundred of a second. 2. During third generation period, UNIX operating system and C programming language become very popular. 3. Computers are devoid of emotions. 4. Primary Storage retains data without power. 5. Control Unit is the brain of a computer. 6. To express flowcharts in more precise way is called algorithm. 7. Artificial Intelligence is introduced in Fourth Generation computers. 8. In order to solve a problem using a computer it is necessary to evolve an algorithm. 9. A computer is designed using three basic unit. Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 2

3 Fill the following blanks with answer. 1. is provide to read the algorithm and data to be process by algorithm. 2. Most instructions are carried out in less than of a second. 3. are circuits consisting of several electronic components like 4. transistor, resistors and capacitors grown on a single chip of silicon eliminating 5. wired interconnection between components ULSI technology evolved in period CD-ROM was introduced in computer generation WWW was introduced in computer generation A Computing machine designed to carry out algorithms for Storing a program in memory concept is introduced by. 11. Ability to perform given task automatically is called Transistor technology evolved in period. Unit 2- Logic Circuits Answer the following in brief. (Short Question) 1. Explain Switching Circuit / Logic Circuit. 2. Explain Commutative law for AND and OR operation. 3. Explain Distributive law for AND and OR operation. 4. Draw the truth table for AND gate. 5. Draw the truth table for Universal gate. 6. Explain MOSFET elements. 7. Explain Doping process in transistor. 8. What is fabrication in Integrated circuit? 9. Draw the truth table for OR gate Answer the following in detail.(long Question) 1. Explain Transistor. 2. Explain Universal gate and draw the truth table for same. 3. Explain AND, OR and NOT gate. 4. Describe X-OR and X-NOR gate. 5. Explain the manufacturing process of Integrated circuit. 6. Explain Working of MOSFET. 7. State that how physical devices are used for constructing gate. 8. Explain P Type Semiconductor. 9. Give the difference between P Type and N Type Semiconductor. 10. Explain Classification of Integrated Circuit. 11. Explain Integrated Circuit. 12. Explain How NAND gate is used for constructing AND, OR and NOT gate. Answer the following multiple choice question. The output will be LOW for any case when one or more inputs are zero in a(n) : (A) OR Gate (B) AND Gate (C) NOT gate (D) NAND Gate The basic logic gate whose output is the complement of the input is the: (A) Comparator (B) INVERTER GATE (C) AND Gate (D) OR Gate Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 3

4 A NAND Gate has : (A) LOW Inputs and a LOW output (B) LOW inputs and a HIGH output (C) HIGH inputs and a HIGH output A diagram which is used to show logic elements and their interconnections is said to be (A) Circuit Diagram (B) System Diagram (C) Logic Diagram (D) Gate Diagram The Logic Circuit with only one output and one or more inputs is said to be (A) Binary Gate (B) Logic Gate (C) Circuit Gate (D) System Gate When semiconductor doped with pentavalent impurities it becomes (A) N-type semiconductor (B) NPN type semiconductor (C) P-type semiconductor (D) PNP type semiconductor In OR operation switches are connected in (A) Parallel (B) Sequence (C) Series Glass in example of (A) Conductor (B) Semiconductor (C) Insulator In step pattern of photo-resist is transferred to the wafer. (A) Deposition (B) Oxidation (C) Lithography (D) Etching In MOSFET when GATE is grounded (A) Current flow from source to drain (B) Current flow from drain to p-substrate (C) Current will not flow from source to drain (D) Holes are attract with free electron What input values will cause an AND logic gate to produce HIGH output? (A) At least one input is low (B) All input are low (C) At least one input is high (D) All inputs are high State the following statement as true or false and provide proper justification. 1). George Boole has used connectives to represent simple proposition. 2). The use of symbols to represent propositions, connectives and their truth and falsity led to the name symbolic logic. 3). OR can be represent by the symbol *. Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 4

5 4). In series connected switches if both switches open than lamp will be OFF. 5). NOT is performed on a single variable so it is called as binary operation. Unit 3 Input Output Devices Answer the following in the brief. (short question) 1). Explain types of bus. 2). Explain types of bus. 3). List classification of ports and explain any one. 4). List all categories of keyboard keys. 5). Explain Non-printable control keys of keyboard. 6). What is bus? 7). List types if OCR and explain any one of them. 8). List all types of printer and explain any one in short. 9). List all types of plotters and explain any one in short. 10). What id MICR? Why it is used? Answer the following in detail. 1). Explain OMR. 2). Where are MICR character used? 3). Describe OCR. 4). Describe bus. 5). Explain Port. 6). What is printer? List out all type of printer and explain any two in detail. 7). Explain CRT. 8). Explain LCD. 9). Give the difference between serial port and parallel port. 10). Give the difference between drum plotter and flat bed plotter. 11). Give the difference between line printer and character printer. 12). What is hand held scanner? Where it is used? 13). What is bar code? Where bar codes are used? Describe advantages of bar code. 14). What is advantage of an inkjet printer compared to dot matrix printer? What is their disadvantage? 15). How does dot matrix printer works? 16). What is input device? List and explain any one of them. 17). What is output device? List and explain any one of them. Answer the following multiple choice question. A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of computer to another is called (A) Bus (B) Serial Port (C) Parallel Port (D) Interlacing port transmitted 1 bit at a time (A) Serial port (B) Parallel port (C) Both (A) and (B) In following key key is known as non printable control keys. (A) F1 to F12 Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 5

6 (B) <,>.? (C) English alphabets (D) Tab key MICR stands for (A) Magnetic ink character recognition (B) Magnetic ink character recorganization (C) Metal ink character recognition (D) Metal ink character recorganization Barcode reader uses technology (A) Light beam (B) Laser beam (C) Emitting diodes Which are the examples of impact type printer? (A) Drum printer (B) Chain printer (C) Laser printer (D) Both (A) and (B) In Inkjet printer individual holes can be heated in few microseconds by (A) Resistor (B) Capacitor (C) IC (D) IC Resistor CRT has. (A) Electronically modulated display (B) Emissive display (C) Light modulating display (D) Non Emissive display SVGA Stands for (A) Super video graph array (B) Super video graphics array adapter (C) Super voltage graphics adapter (D) Strong voltage graphics adapter Magnetic deflection yoke determines (A) Monitor s resolution and Refresh rate (B) Monitor s speed (C) Electromagnetic field (D) Intensity of electron beams Unit 4 Memory Organization Answer the following in brief (short Question). 1). Explain Memory Cell. 2). List out the properties of memory cell. 3). Explain 3-bit register. 4). Draw block diagram of a 4-word 3-bit per word memory.. 5). Describe Flash Memory. 6). Explain following words: 1. Seek Time 2. Latency Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 6

7 3. Transfer Rate 4. Non-destructive cell 5. Non-Volatile Cell 6. Volatile cell 7. Destructive cell 8. Random access memory 9. Tracks 10. Sector 7). Difference between NOR Flash memory and NAND Flash memory. 8). Explain function of following lines in storage cell. 1. Input line 2. Write line 3. Read line 4. Output line 9). What is register? And how it is made? 10). What is address in memory organization? 11). State the functions of MAR and MDR. 12). Explain following terms in memory organization 1. Access time of memory 2. Write time of memory 3. Cycle time of memory 13). List applications of ROM. 14). What do you mean by PROM and EPROM. 15). How capacitors are used in memory cell construction. 16). Draw the Diagram for types of magnetic disk. Answer the following in detail. (Long question). 1).Explain how semiconductor flip-flops are used in memory cell construction. Draw diagrams whenever necessary. 2). State the difference between SRAM and DRAM. 3). Describe Magnetic disk. 4). Explain Serial access memory. 5). Ram has one magnetic disk. Disk having 10 plates, 2655 tracks per plate, and 125 sectors per track and 512 bytes per sector. Calculate the capacity of disk. 6). If rotation speed of a disk is 3600 rpm and disk has 125 sectors/tracks with 512 bytes/sector. Calculate the amount of data transferred in one full revolution of disk. Also calculate the transfer rate of disk system. 7). Explain virtual memory. 8). What is ROM? Draw the diagram of Random access memory and write short description of all the types of memory. 9). Describe Optical disk. 10). Explain the serial access memory structure for following scenario. Hery wants to write 0111 through the input line, Draw the output structure after one read/write cycle. Explain the whole structure for reading and writing data into given serial access memory. Answer the following multiple choice questions: Time to store or retrieve a word is independent of the address of the word is called (A) Random Access Memory Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 7

8 (B) Read only memory (C) Virtual memory (D) Serial access memory CDROM is also known as (A) Read only memory (B) Cache memory (C) Serial access memory (D) Random access memory DVDROM stands for (A) Digital virtual disk read only memory (B) Digital Versatile disk read only memory (C) Digital virtual disk random access memory (D) Digital virtualization disk read only memory Symbol can be stored in a cell without continuous supply of energy is called (A) Volatile cell (B) Destructive cell (C) Non-Volatile cell (D) Read only cell Symbol is read from the cell its content should not be disturbed which is known as (A) Non-Volatile cell (B) Non destructive cell (C) Write only cell (D) Destructive cell If 3 storage cells are interconnected with each other and forms a register. These registers can store bits. (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 3 The identification code of each register corresponding to a word in the memory is known as its (A) Current contents (B) Address (C) Bits At time t0 the address from which data is to be retrieved is placed in MAR and applied read signal. At time t1 required data is available in MDR. Elapsed time is known as (A) Write Time (B) Cycle Time (C) Access time (D) Read time Reading data from ROM is (A) Destructive (B) Non-volatile (C) Volatile (D) Non-destructive Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 8

9 Stable states may be used to represent the storage of a binary 1 and the other a binary 0. This circuit is known as (A) Semiconductor (B) Capacitor (C) Flip Flop (D) Controlled switch Memory built using Flip-Flop is known as (A) ROM (B) SRAM (C) DRAM (D) RAM State the following statement as true and false and provide proper justification. 1). Address of the memory cell can be changed with over time. 2). In memory cell, Symbol is permanently written and later on can only be read, and then it is known as Random access memory. 3). In 3-bit register which can store 4-bit of data. 4). When new data is written in memory cell previous data are automatically erased. 5). In Programmable ROM we can change data after one time written. 6). In Semiconductor Flip-flop, if 0 voltages applied at X point then at point Y there will be voltage displayed as 0. 7). SRAM is used in creation of main memory of a computer. 8). MR head technology is first introduced by IBM. 9). Perpendicular recording have more storage capacity then magnetic surface recording. 10). Magnetic disk is the example of primary storage. Unit 5 Computer Architecture Answer the following in brief (Short Question) : 1). What is instruction? 2). Define Term : (A) Fetch Instruction (B) Interpret Instruction (C) Fetch Data (D) Process Data (E) Write Data 3). What is the purpose of DMA? 4). Purpose of Accumulator register. 5). What is the use of Program Counter register and Instruction Register? 6). Give Example of Control group and logical group instructions. 7). What is the purpose of COM instruction? 8). What is Bus? List parts of Bus. 9). State the function of Control bus. 10). Write purpose of following terms : (A) Device Address Bus (DAB) (B) Data Bus (DB) (C) Control Bus (CB) (D) Bus Arbitration Unit 11). Define Spatial Locality of reference of Instruction in program. Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 9

10 12). Define Cache Memory. 13). What is Interrupt Signal? 14). Define Cycle Stealing. 15). What is Programmed device polling? 16). Define Reduce Instruction Set and Complex Instruction Set. Answer the following in detail (Long Question) : 1). Explain 4 addresses, 3 addresses and 1 address Instruction with appropriate example. 2). Describe Processor Organization. 3) Define Interconnection Structure. 4). Draw block Diagram of DMA and Explain it in detail. 5). State the difference between RISC and CISC. 6). Write a note on RISC. 7). Explain Interrupt Structure. 8). Explain I/O module with appropriate diagram. 9). How processor and memory communicate with each other? 10). Describe Cache Memory. Answer the following multiple choice questions : In 16-bit Instructions 4-bits are used for storing (A) Contents of Operands (B) Opcode (C) Operand reference (D) Address of Operand Instruction Register is used for (A) Address of Next Instruction being executed (B) Temporary store instructions being executed (C) Status of Operation (D) Address of top of stack are the instructions of Data control group. (A) JMP, JNE, JZE, HLT (B) SHR, COM, EOR (C) CLA, STO (D) READ, PRINT A Bus which carries a word to or from memory is known as (A) Data bus (B) Address bus (C) Control bus (D) Internal bus All data will be first taken to processor register from the input unit and from there to the memory. Such data transfer is known as (A) Program Interrupt Control transfer (B) DMA transfer (C) Program Control transfer (D) Non program control transfer DMA Stands for (A) Dynamic Memory Access (B) Direct Memory Architecture (C) Direct Memory Access (D) Dynamic Memory Architecture Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 10

11 is the example of external interrupt. (A) Attempt to divide by zero (B) Accumulator overflow (C) Power Failure Use simple instruction and instructions are divided in to multiple instructions. (A) RISC (B) CISC (C) Both (A) and (B) is also known as Load store architecture computers. (A) CISC (B) RISC (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Cache Memory State the following statement as true or false and provide proper justification. 1). Access time of L2 cache is larger than L1 cache. 2). a = a + b is the example of 3 address instruction. 3). If the smallest addressable unit in a computer is a word, then such a computer is known as byte addressable computer. 4). Program Counter register stores the address of next instruction. 5). CLA is used to clear accumulator content. 6). Data bus is known as Memory bus. 7). Speed mismatch issue between processor and memory can be overcome by virtual memory. 8). Spatial locality of reference of instruction is also known as temporal locality in programs. 9). Block of instructions/data fetched from the main memory for storage in the cache is known as cache line. 10). Variable length instructions are used in CISC. Unit 6 Microcomputer Answer the following in brief (Short Question) : 1). What is ideal Microcomputer? 2). What is the purpose of Instruction register and decoder? 3). Define term Stack. 4). Which parameter is used to characterize a microprocessor? 5). What is the purpose of control lines in control bus? 6). Define handshaking protocol. 7). Define following term : (A) Volatile Memory (B) Non Volatile Memory (C) Static RAM (D) Dynamic RAM (E) Flash Memory (F) Factory Programmed ROM (G) User Programmed ROM (H) EEPROM Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 11

12 8). Define Purpose of following terms : (A) Voltage Regulator chip (B) Clock Signal (C) Special Clock chip (D) Integrated Circuit chip (E) Memory Chip 9). List four types of interrupts. 10). Arrange following interrupts based on highest priority. Single-step interrupt, Internal Interrupt, Non-maskable interrupt, External Interrupt 11). Define Cross-translator. 12). Advantages and disadvantages of cross-translator. 13). List two types of smart card. Describe in short. 14). Advantages of RFID tags. 15). Draw table for actions of washing machine. 16). Define the word length of a microprocessor 17). What do you understand by the term tristate condition? 18). What is PROM? What is the main use of PROM? 19). Why are interrupts used in a microcomputer? 20). What is the function of MAC unit in DSP? 21). What is a Microcomputer Development System? 22). What are the applications of smart memory cards? 13). What are the applications of smart microprocessor based cards? 14). Enumerate some of the applications of RFID system. 15). What are the frequencies ranges used by RFID system. Answer the following in detail (Long Question) : 1). State the difference between an ideal microcomputer and an actual microcomputer. 2). State the difference between RAM and ROM. 3). Explain Memory System in microcomputer. 4). Give a block diagram of microcomputer. 5). What are the support chips in a microcomputer? 6). Explain the applications of microcontroller. 7). What is Interrupt? Explain types of Interrupt. 8). Explain DSP. 9). Explain Microcomputer Software. 10). What is Smart card? Explain types of smart card. 11). Brief about classification of cards. 12). Explain RFID and Washing machine. Answer the following multiple choice questions : Ideal Microcomputer is fabricated using (A) Semiconductor (B) Integrated Circuit (C) Germanium chip In microcomputer decoder is used to (A) Read instructions from memory (B) Send control signals of decoded instructions to ALU (C) Performing logical operations Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 12

13 (D) Decode Instructions Instruction register is used (A) For storing address of next instruction (B) For holding instructions read from memory (C) For storing address of top of stack (D) For storing temporary instructions When one wants to remove data from stack then instruction should be used. (A) PUSH (SP, R1) (B) POP (R2, SP) (C) PUSH (R1, SP) (D) POP (SP, R2) are the examples of Register operations. (A) ADD, DIV, MUL, SUB (B) Store, Read (C) Clear, Shift, Load, Move (D) Jump, Condition jump Program counter register is used (A) To store address of next instruction (B) To store address of top of stack (C) To store intermediate results (D) For holding instructions read from memory is used to characterize a microprocessor. (A) Address bus (B) Control bus (C) Data bus width When control output line is 1 mode will be set. (A) Output (B) Input (C) Ideal ROM is example of (A) Non volatile memory (B) Static memory (C) Volatile Memory (D) Dynamic Memory A Special clock chip is used (A) To synchronize operations of microprocessor (B) To generate clock cycle (C) For power supply (D) For controlling data flow When frequency is zero then it is called as. (A) AC voltage (B) Low frequency voltage (C) DC voltage is the example of 8-bit microcomputers. (A) 8085 Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 13

14 (B) 8086 (C) Microcontroller (D) 8080 High frequency tags have (A) 125 MHz (B) 125 GHz (C) MHz (D) 125 KHz is the Application of Contact Card. (A) Memory Card (B) Microprocessor based cards (C) Debit card (D) SIM card State the following statement as true or false and provide proper justification. 1). Access time of L1 cache is larger than L2 cache. 2). Voltage regulator chip is used to provide power supply. 3). Integrated circuit chip is used to control the data flow from memory to processor. 4). Non maskable interrupt cannot be disabled by software. 5). Single step interrupt has highest priority. 6). Vector is the starting address of interrupt routines. 7). DSP are used to optimize for processing real-time audio and video. 8). Cross-translator is used to translate high level or assembly language to machine level language. 9). SIM cards are contact less cards. 10). RFID tag has small memory with unique identification code of the object. Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 14

CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit:

CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit: www.techo786.wordpress.com Q1: Define microprocessor? Short Questions Chapter No 01 Fundamental Concepts Microprocessor is a program-controlled and semiconductor