GENERAL INFORMATION. The time it takes to find the fault The time it takes to repair the fault.

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2 GENERAL INFORMATION Improve customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction is often difficult to measure. One of the key figures used to indicate the performance of a distribution network is SAIDI. SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) is often measured and monitored every month or as a sum over one year. SAIDI gives the average outage duration that any customer would experience and is the sum of two factors: The time it takes to find the fault The time it takes to repair the fault. It is the time to find the fault that often drives the SAIDI in a negative direction. Distribution feeders normally have sectionalizing switches throughout the network. However, sectionalizing cannot start before the faulty location is located. It is therefore outmost important to know where the fault is as quickly as possible. Using local indicators will reduce the fault finding time, because the patrolling down the healthy branches are avoided. Using fault indicators with communication will reduce fault finding time to the absolute minimum. Immediately after the fault is detected, all indicators in the faulty path will send an alarm message to the operation room. The operator will immediately see where the faulty section is and can start sectionalizing. Using NORTROLL s remote control system for sectionalizing of the network will reduce SAIDI further, as customer on the healthy part of the feeder will have the energy restored within minutes rather than hours. C.B. Indicators between the feeding transformer and the faulty section start flashing and send an alarm by SMS to the NetTroll microscada system. Page 2

3 GENERAL INFORMATION The use of fault indicators will also give other benefits which is also important for a utility: Response time can be reduced without increased staff Call-out time is reduced -> Reduced costs Improved safety for staff Increased revenues by more delivered energy Reduced penalties for Not Delivered Energy Improved Shareholder value by cost reductions Reduced wear and tear on the equipment due to reduced number of reclosing cycles on faulty lines. An effective deployment of staff is also important to reduce the effect of a fault in the distribution network. Alarms sent from indicators with communication can be routed to the right persons immediately based on information about where in the network the indicators are located and the person responsible for that particular area at any time. Another feature in the NORTROLL remote indication system is selective recipients based on the type of alarm. A permanent fault should be attended immediately and sent to the operation central and call-out staff. A low battery warning could be sent directly to the department with responsibility to maintain the system. This will make communication paths more effective and especially the Control Centre or operation central can deal with the critical messages only. Selected Messages from Area 1 Call list 1 Selected Messages from Area 2 GLR Call list 2 microscada NETTROLL 4.1 SMS Transient Fault = Group 1 Permanent Fault = Group 1 Area 1 Transient Fault = Group 2 Permanent Fault = Group 2 Area 2 Page 3

4 GENERAL INFORMATION Functional description LineTroll fault Passage Indicators are used to locate short-circuit- (PtP) and earth faults (PtG) in overhead line distribution networks. LineTroll product line will fully cover the different fault configurations that may occur. The indicators are placed at strategic locations along the line such as after branching points and sectionalizers. Live line installation makes installation safe, easy and rapid. Upon detecting a fault on the line, the indicator gives off an intermittent LED and/or Xenon type flashing. Fig 1: Indicator flashing pattern in a fault situation All indicators installed between the feeding substation and the fault will operate when a fault occurs. The indicators placed behind the fault and on the T-offs remain idle. LineTroll fault indicators provide fast fault localisation enabling reduction in outage times. This represents enhanced service to the customers thereby improving the utilities image and significant reduction in the cost related to faults and outages. Another important aspect of using fault indicators is that unnecessary operations of circuit-breakers and sectionalizers to locate faults are avoided. This way the indicators help to reduce wear and tear as reclosing cycles causes stress to the switchgear. Page 4

5 GENERAL INFORMATION Detection principle LineTroll fault Passage Indicators fault sensing is based on detection of the electromagnetic field below the conductors. The units are fully self-contained; - no external transformers or connections of any kind are required. To determine whether the feeder is faulted or not, the indicator looks for a specific sequence in the line conditions to occur before it starts flashing. The general sequence is as follows: (ref. fig.2) 1. The line should be energised for a period of time, normally 5 seconds. (Inrush Blocking) 2. The line current should increase rapidly above the value set by the user (the nominal trip level). 3. The line should be de-energised. (Configurable) Fig. 2. Fault sequence The user may program the criteria for operation to suit the local requirement by manipulating a bank of micro-switches inside the indicator. On some models this can be done remotely from the control center or by a hand-held unit from the ground. The current flowing in the lines generates a magnetic field (B-field) which is constantly measured by the indicators. The measured B-field is applied to an adaptive db/dt detector. This detector automatically adjusts to the normal conditions on the line. Slow variations in load current will not affect the detector. A fault current will cause a rapid increase in the B-field. The detector in the indicator will detect this increase and respond accordingly. The detector will now require that two conditions are satisfied: 1. The relative increase is greater than a certain level. 2. The absolute increase is greater than a pre-set value. The second condition is the trip-level that can be set by the user to different values. Page 5

6 GENERAL INFORMATION Where should indicators be installed and what model should be used Installation of a fault indicator usually requires a line survey to ensure that the best use of it may be obtained. Several factors should be considered, such as fault frequency, type of customers, the number of customers, accessibility etc. For the best economic benefit it is recommended that the indicators are used in easily accessibly line points, before and after line segments difficult to access. A general rule of thumb could be to install indicators on each T-off as well as in the main feeder. A combination of local- and remote indicators could also be a good solution in some networks. Phase mounted indicators can be used in all different pole- and network configurations. Pole mounted indicators have some limitations to where to install them. If a parallel line runs nearby, if the pole has multiple feeders or the earth-wire is located between the indicator and the three phases, pole mounted indicators cannot be used. Pole mounted indicators requires a pole as clean as possible. It is a significant difference between the benefit of using fault indicators with communication option compared to indicators with a local flash. Nortroll s system for remote indication benefits from an effective communication system which allows powering from ling-life batteries without any external charging. Indicators with communication with a central monitoring system (or SCADA) reduce the fault-finding time down to driving time to the faulty section. Phase Mounted Indicators Pole Mounted Indicator Page 6

7 LOCAL INDICATORS LineTroll 110Eµ Distribution Networks (6-69kV) LineTroll 110Eµ is a conductor mounted indicator for detection of PtG and PtP faults in overhead line networks. The indicator is powered by replaceable long-life lithium batteries which have a life expectancy of years. It provides a 360 degree visibility for indication both for transient faults and permanent faults. Programmable: Dipswitches Threshold level: A Trip level Di/Dt: 6-60A (120A) Reset: Fault Indication: Permanent: Manual, timer & automatic by return of voltage or current Super-intensive Red LED with strobe effect Transient: Green LED Low Battery: Yellow LED Mounting: Live-line mounting with hotstick LineTroll 110Eµ can be used in line systems/configuration as shown below: Page 7

8 LOCAL INDICATORS LineTroll 110Tµ Transmission Networks (66-132kV) LineTroll 110Tµ is a conductor mounted indicator for detection of PtG and PtP faults in overhead line networks. The indicator is powered by replaceable long-life lithium batteries which have a life expectancy of years. It provides a 360 degree visibility for indication both for transient faults and permanent faults. Sub Transmission lines: Programmable: Threshold level: Trip level Di/Dt: Reset: Fault Indication: Permanent: Transient: Low Battery: Mounting: KV Dipswitches 500 or 1000A 500 or 1000A Manual, timer & automatic by return of voltage or current Super-intensive Red LED with strobe effect Green LED Yellow LED Live-line mounting with hotstick LineTroll 110Tµ can be used in line systems/configuration as shown below: Page 8

9 LOCAL INDICATORS LineTroll 111K LineTroll 111K is a cost effective pole mounted indicator for detection of PtG and PtP faults in 6-69kV overhead line networks. The unit mounts 3-5m below the conductors and monitors all three phases. The indicator is powered by replaceable long-life lithium batteries which have a life expectancy of years. It provides a 360 degree visibility for indication both for transient faults and permanent faults. Programmable: By dipswitches PtG Faults thresholds: 4-50A PtP Faults Di/dt: 100% relative increase in I Load Reset: Fault Indication: Permanent: Transient: Low Battery: Mounting Poles: Manual, timer & automatic on return of voltage. Two Super-intensive LEDs with strobe effect Red LED Yellow LED Live-line mounting with strap-bands or screws Lattice Towers, concrete and wooden poles LineTroll 111K can be used in line systems/configuration as shown below: Page 9

10 LOCAL INDICATORS LineTroll 3100K LineTroll 3100K is a pole mounted indicator for detection of PtG and PtP faults in 6-66kV overhead line networks. LT 3100K have a special Software-algorithm for Load Current Compensation (LCC) in order to maintain the PtG-sensitivity independent of the Load Current. This will make this indicator more sensitive for low PtG fault currents compared to traditional fault indicators. Programmable: Trip level PtG: Trip level PtP: LCC: Reset: Indication: Permanent faults Transient faults Low Battery Outputs: Mounting: Poles: Dipswitches 4-50A (2,5-50A on request) 100/200% rel increase I Load Yes Manual, timer & automatic by return of voltage Super-intensive Red LED with strobe effect Green LED Yellow LED Separate outputs for permanent and transient alarms as well as Low Battery Warning for connection to various communication modules. By strap-bands or screws Lattice towers, concrete, steel and wooden poles LineTroll 3100K can be used in line systems/configuration as shown below: Page 10

11 LOCAL INDICATORS LineTroll 3100T The LineTroll 3100T is a pole mounted fault indicator used to locate short-circuit and earth faults in overhead line transmission networks. LineTroll 3100T is a 3-phase unit fully covering the different fault configurations that may occur. Programmable: Trip level PtG: Trip level PtP: Reset: Indication: Relay output. Event Log Dipswitches Threshold: A (3,3 8,7uT) Threshold: A or 100/200% relative increase Manual, timer & automatic by return of voltage LED, separate indication of permanent & transient fault Permanent PtG/PtP fault Loss of Voltage Can be downloaded to PC. LineTroll 3100T can be used in line systems/configuration as shown below: Page 11

12 LOCAL INDICATORS LineTroll 3500 (Directional Fault Indicator) (Compensated neutral/petersen coil) LineTroll 3500 is a pole mounted indicator for detection of PtG and PtP faults in 6-69kV overhead line networks. Optional communication modules are available. Indication: Reset: Indication: Relay output. Event Log: Communication: Directional for PtG; Up-/down-streams Fault Passage Indication for PtP (bidirectional Manual, timer & automatic by return of voltage Green and Red LED s dependent upon the direction of the fault (PtG) Separate for PtP and PtG fault Download by IR-hand-held unit Short range radio or GSM for SCADA-integration. (Optional) Please note that installation of LineTroll 3500 requires an evaluation of the network and neutral grounding system to be carried out. Suitable Line systems/configuration: Page 12

13 REMOTE INDICATORS LineTroll 110EµR Distribution Networks (6-69kV) LineTroll 110EµR is a conductor mounted indicator for detection of PtG and PtP faults in overhead line networks. The indicator is powered by replaceable long-life lithium batteries which have a life expectancy of years. It provides a 360 degree visibility for indication both for transient faults and permanent faults. The indicator unit has the same detection/sensing principles as the local indicator LineTroll 110Eµ. The difference is that it is equipped with a built-in 2.4GHZ radio device which can communicate with a receiver located in a cabinet on the pole. The receiver, ComTroll 115C has a general digital interface which can be connected to any Nortroll- or third parties RTU for communication to a SCADA system. ON ComTroll 115C monitors up to 9 LineTroll 110EµR indicators in the range of maximum 40m line-ofsight. A configuration with three indicators (one for each phase) and one collector the SCADA will receive information about which of the phase(s) the fault has occurred on. If more than three indicators are connected, SCADA center will receive which T-off or branch the fault has occurred on. New settings for the indicators can be uploaded from the collector Branch 1 Backbone / Branch RTU ADDRESS switch = 3 ComTroll 115C RTU ComTroll 115C Branch FEEDER 1 RTU ComTroll 115C FEEDER 2 Page 13

14 REMOTE INDICATORS LineTroll 3100K GSM LineTroll 3100K is a pole mounted indicator for detection of PtG and PtP faults in 6-66kV overhead line networks. LT 3100K have a special Software-algorithm for Load Current Compensation (LCC) in order to maintain the PtG-sensitivity independent of the Load Current. This will make this indicator more sensitive for low PtG fault currents compared to traditional fault indicators. The indicator is a standard LineTroll 3100K, where a GSM modem is installed in the mounting bracket. It is therefore not necessary with any external boxed or connections. The following alarms are sent from the indicator: Transient Fault Alarm Permanent Fault Alarm Low Battery Warning Heartbeat (communication/health-check) The GSM modem is normally powered down and will only be active when the indicator detects a fault condition. In addition it wakes up in configurable time intervals to send heartbeat message and check if a message is sent to it from the central unit. The GSM modem sends alarms by SMS. This facilitates battery operation and the unit can be installed in areas with week signal levels in the GSM network. SCADA Server (Optional) SCADA protocol SMS LineTroll 3100K GSM NetTroll Page 14

15 REMOTE INDICATORS LineTroll R110E RIS The LineTroll R110E Remote Indicator System uses phase mounted fault indicator LineTroll R110E and the pole mounted SMS sending device LineTroll R110C. The system is designed for 6-66kV distribution networks but will also be available in a version for transmission networks up to 138kV. The fault indicator use a 2.4GHz ISM band short-range radio to communicate with the collector mounted on the pole. The collector communicates with up to 9 fault indicators. Both the indicators and the collector are powered by long-life lithium batteries for long and maintenance free operation. All settings and configuration can be done remotely from the central unit. It is also possible to use a handheld configuration device to program the collector and the fault indicators. SCADA Server (Optional) LineTroll R110E SCADA protocol SMS LineTroll R110C NetTroll Parallel feeders or multiple feeders in the same pole Feeder 1 LineTroll 110C Feeder 2 Page 15

16 REMOTE INDICATORS LineTroll R110E Features include: Remotely programmable operating parameters. o From NetTroll o From NetTroll FDP (stand-alone configuration utility software) o Hand-held unit, FDP-20 Integrated addressable short-range radio. High visibility for local indication o RED Strobe flash for permanent faults o Green LED for transient faults o Yellow LED for Low Battery Warning Usable on all Medium Voltage distribution networks 6-69KV. Usable on multi circuit systems. Voltage or current as start criteria (programmable) Inrush Blocking Resistant to tough weather conditions. Live-line mounting with standard clamp stick Line diameters up to 36mm LineTroll R110C sends the following alarms/messages to the receiver: Status OK (no faults and line energized) Transient Fault Alarm Permanent Fault Alarm Loss of Voltage (line de-energized) Low Battery Warning form Indicators Low Battery Warning from Collector unit Communication lost with indicator(s) Heartbeat message (health check) Page 16

17 REMOTE INDICATORS Accessories KBN-4 Mounting tool for LineTroll 110E/ 110E / 110Eµr and R110E. The KBN-4 can be used with a standard hot-stick as shown in the picture. The KNB-4 have a built-in magnet for Test/reset of the indicator. It is however possible to mount/dismount the Indicators without the KBN-4, using a grip-all-clamp hot-stick. FDP-20 The FDP-20 hand-held configuration tool is a field programming device where up to 8 different configurations can be stored. It can also be used to download up to 8 different configuration settings in already installed devices. Uploading parameters to FDP-20 is done by connecting it to a PC with USB-cable running NetTroll FDP configuration utility. NetTroll FDP configuration utility can also be used to send configuration settings directly to indicators in the field from the control center. Page 17

18 Fault The Current Intelligent Indicator 1 2 TES T 3 RESE T V Fault The Current Intelligent Indicator 1 2 TES T 3 RESE T REMOTE INDICATORS NetTroll In a remote indication system, it is necessary to have a monitoring system where alarms and indications can be logged and presented in a single line diagram, network diagram or in a geographical map etc. NetTroll microscada system is a program especially designed for all of NorTrolls field devices with communication. SCADA Server Features Runs on a standard Windows PC platform. Easy installation and configuration. Easy-to-use operator interface. User defined logs for monitoring of specific events. Advanced Alarm Management Built-in Conditional Actions Module (CAM) Ideally suited for monitoring and control of report-by-exception fault passage indicators and RTU s. Secure password protected user levels. Advanced graphical features. Built-in bitmap editor for creating user defined symbols. Device specific message properties. Unlimited number of devices can be installed. Easy Master SCADA integration with a wide range of SCADA protocols. SCADA protocol UHF/VHF radio CableTroll ComTroll RTU UHF/VHF radio Fibre Fibre microscada NETTROLL GSM Twisted Pairs GSM UHF/VHF radio ComTroll RTU UHF/VHF radio LineTroll Ethernet Internet or LAN LineTroll FPI UHF/VHF radio ComTroll RTU Twisted Pairs Fibre CableTroll ComTroll GSM RTU ComTroll Substation RTU ComTroll RTU NetAlert is a supplementary software that can be installed together with NetTroll. Messages defined as an alarm (e.g. permanent fault) will be forwarded by SMS to one or more recipients based on where the alarm comes from. Page 18

19 Nortroll AS has since the foundation in 1977, offered a wide range of products aiming to improve the distribution network reliability by means of effective fault localization and remote sectionalising in case of a fault. Nortroll s range of product comprises LineTroll Product range CableTroll Product range ComTroll Product range Fault Passage Indicators for overhead lines Fault Passage Indicators for cable Networks RTU s for substations and motorized switchgear, communication equipment for fault passage indicators and RTU s, MicroSCADA System for surveillance and control and NetTroll SCADA Gateway This catalouge does not contain all of Nortrolls products, but lists our main products for SMARTER NETWORK MANAGEMENT in overhead line networks. For furter information goto our web-site or contact your local sales representative or NORTROLL AS. NORTROLL AS Havneveien Levanger, Norway Tel: Fax: nortroll@nortroll.no

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