The Smart Utility Meets The Smart tgid Grid. The Smart. Bob Uluski. Technology Quanta Technology LLC

Transcription

1 The Smart Utility Meets The Smart tgid Grid The Smart Substation Bob Uluski Quanta Technology

2 Why is the Smart Substation Key power apparatus important? for maintaining the reliability and efficiency of the T&D system resides in the substations Effective monitoring and smart control capabilities in the substation can help achieve overall SG objectives

3 Why is the Smart Substation Substations contain manyofthe important? most intelligent devices used for monitoring, protecting and controlling the power apparatus the substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) Arguably, the substations include more intelligence ( smarts ) per square foot than any other field location Just like the AMI devices, IEDs provide a wealth of new information about the equipment status and performance that can assist in smart decision making

4 Why is the Smart Substation Can include PCs, important? dt data concentrators, t and other such facilities for preprocessing information before bf it is forwarded don to decision makers Effective mechanism for prioritizing and filtering the large volume of data from the SmartGrid and routing the info to the appropriate decision maker

5 Why is the Smart Substation Substations are becoming important? communication hubs (centers) of the T&D system Numerous technologies are available for bringing data in from nearby locations (line switches, capacitor banks, distributed sensors, etc) for preprocessing and forwarding Many utilities are implementing high bandwidth, high reliability, high security fiber optic communication facilities i that can move (route)large quantities ii of data to upstream locations

6 Characteristics of the Smart Voice Circuits T1 Interface to Alcatel Sonet Node Conitel Serial Connection Substation DS0 for Voice Channel Ops and Non-Ops IP Data VLANs 384kbps Channel Bank Router/Firewall DS0 for Teltone Remote Access Secure Line Sharing Switch (e.g. Teltone Gauntlet) Surveillance Camera (Open LAN Only) Ethernet Switch Operational Data & Non Operational Data Access to IEDs & RTU via network Dial-Up Modem with Security Remote Access IRIG-B IRIG-B GPS Receiver (Time Sync) IRIG-B TCP/IP Local User Interface Data Concentrator DNP3 RS232 D20 RTU DFR/SER Ethernet Switch Ethernet TCP/IP SEL "Interleave" Protocol Data Concentrator Data Concentrator Hardwired Inputs and Outputs Hardwired Inputs SEL IED SEL IED Alarm Annun PLC Non-SEL IED SEL IED SEL IED DNP3 Alarm Annun PLC Non-SEL IED RS 232 Vendor Specific Protocol "(Pass through") h")

7 The Wealth of New Data

8 More data

9 Cooling Fan Monitoring

10 Battery Charger Monitoring

11 Getting the Data to the Decision Makers Engineering Planning Maintenance Billing, Settlements Customer Service.. SCADA Dispatchers SCADA Data Warehouse (PI) WAN Cascade System GIS MMS Metering CIS MV90 Secure S/S Network SEL PML ION PQ Node IED Non-Op Data Servers Fiber Corporate Access Laptop p GPS IRIG DFR DFR LAN PML ION PQ/ Meter LAN Relay LAN CISCO DNP3 RTU LAN D y m a c QEI House RTU J-MUX PQ Node Telephone Substation 421 Relay IED 500 Series IED (587) 300 Series IEDs DNP3

12 Operational Data Engineering Planning Maintenance Billing, Settlements Customer Service SCADA SCADA Data Warehouse (PI).. WAN Cascade System GIS MMS Metering CIS MV90 VLANs Dispatchers Secure S/S Network IED Non-Op Data Servers Operational Data Real-time Telemetry Alarms Events SOE Data Corporate Access Laptop GPS IRIG DFR DFR LAN PML ION PQ/ Meter LAN Fiber Relay LAN CISCO SEL DNP3 PML ION RTU LAN D y m a c QEI House RTU PQ Node J-MUX PQ Node Telephone Substation 421 Relay IED 500 Series IED (587) 300 Series IEDs DNP3

13 Data Portal for Non Operational Data Engineering Planning Maintenance Billing, Settlements Customer Service.. SCADA SCADA Data Warehouse (PI) WAN Cascade System GIS MMS Metering CIS MV90 Dispatchers Corporate Access Laptop GPS IRIG DFR DFR LAN PML ION PQ/ Meter LAN Secure S/S Network Fiber Relay LAN CISCO SEL DNP3 VLANs PML ION RTU LAN D y m a c QEI House RTU PQ Node J-MUX PQ Node IED Non-Op Data Servers Telephone Non-Operational Data Real-Time I/O Historical I/O Oscillography data Event Files PQ data Other Maintenance Data Setting and Configuration Asset Information Other Substation 421 Relay IED 500 Series IED (587) 300 Series IEDs DNP3

14 Real Time Equipment Rating Base equipment ratings on actual conditions rather than conservative assumptions Squeeze more capacity out of existing equipment Example: Transformer Hot Spot Monitoring Monitor the true winding hot spot temperature Derive loadability from the results

15 Predictive Maintenance Equipment Condition Monitoring Potential Role of Smart Substation Monitor specialized sensors and regular IEDs Perform expert system analysis Informengineers or dispatchers of possible problems ( incipient problems) Supply non operational data to maintenance management

16 Expert System Processing Rule based expert system Emulate reasoning of a human expert maintaining the circuit breakers. Compare the extracted signal features against the empirically obtained values. Each type of circuit breaker has set of rules used in the decision-making process (defrule R61 (declare (salience -1280)) (initial-fact) (closing) (not (R61_fired)) (or (R69_fired) (R72_fired) (R75_fired)) (R24_2_fired) => (assert (R61_fired)) (printout t crlf " R61: Stuck breaker while closing!" crlf) (printout outfile " R61: Stuck breaker while closing!" crlf) )

17 The Smart Substation An Enabler for DA Control Center DA Logic Resides Here Feeder Locations Control Center DA Logic Resides On All Controllers Feeder Locations Drawn by R. Uluski, EnerNex Substation Master Substation Drawn by R. Uluski, EnerNex Corp Substation Master Substation ti

18 The Smart Substation An Enabler for DA Control Center SCADA/EMS (Telvent) Substation Data Concentrator (Cybectec, Subnet) Unlicensed Spread Spectrum Radio Feeder Devices Application Server Protective Relay IED Protective Relay IED Protective Relay IED Radio Radio Switch Controller Bus Tie Circuit Breaker Feeder Circuit Breaker Feeder Circuit Breaker Radio Switch Controller Radio Switch Controller Line Switch (Cooper, S&C) Substation Line Switch (Cooper, S&C) Line Switch (Cooper, S&C)

19 Integrated Volt VAR Control Components IVVC Software Optimal powerflow solution versus rulebased approach Interfacesto to field devices Processor For Running IVVC Software Centralized master station Substation based processor Substation LTC transformers Substation and line regulators Substation and line capacitor banks Voltage monitors (optional) Communication facilities (2 way preferred)

20 Example of Smart Substation Centered Feeder Automation

21 Fault Location Known fault location Probable fault locations Measurements

22 Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: Intelligent Bus Failover

23 Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: Intelligent Bus Failover Transformer Fault Occurs

24 Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: Intelligent Bus Failover Transformer Fault Occurs

25 Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: Intelligent Bus Failover Trf Protection Operates

26 Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: Intelligent Bus Failover Bus Transfer Scheme Operates

27 Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: Intelligent Bus Failover Shed Load If Necessary To Adjacent Substation

28 Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: Intelligent Bus Failover Restore Load Using Feeder Automation To Adjacent Substation

29 The Challenges Data management Maintenance of substation databases, models, displays Interface difficulties use of industry standards d Loss of visibility to automatic control actions by control room Security Resist Attack (cyber, (y,physical) Others?...