PSC 2014 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY

Transcription

1 PSC 2014 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY HAND-IN-HAND THE EVOLUTION OF REAL -TIME SIMULATION AND SMART GRID NETWORKS

2 Presentation Outline 1 Brief history of real time simulation First steps toward Smart Grid Devices IEC Distributed Energy Resources PMU Testing Wide Area Protection and Control Power Hardware In the Loop Conclusion

3 Analogue Simulators 2 Inherently operated in real time Physical models of power systems scaled down transformers, machines, etc. Limited flexibility Required highly experienced operators Considerable space requirements Expensive to purchase and maintain

4 Digital Simulation 3 Dr. Herman Dommel IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, April 1969 ElectroMagnetic Transient Program - EMTP Development of EMTP at BPA Dr. Dommel s work lead to the development of several other EMT simulation programs Dennis Woodford - EMTDC

5 Real-Time Digital Simulation 4 Manitoba HVDC Research Centre PSCAD EMTDC Developed the world s first real-time digital simulator in 1989 RTDS Simulator Today real-time digital simulators are used all over the world to study power systems and test physical devices

6 First Steps Toward Smart Grid 5 What is a Smart Grid device? Any new device that increases the intelligence of our networks HVDC and FACTS Multi-function digital relays

7 Increased Functionality 6 Movement from electromechanical to digital relays Prove new devices under realistic conditions Test all functions under wide variety of conditions Test many new features added o Power swing blocking o Series compensation o Etc.

8 IEC Real Time Simulator Electrical Interface Real Time Simulator IEC Interface

9 Distributed Energy Resource 8 Uses for real time simulators Testing of protection and control Individual devices and entire installation Challenges for real time High speed power electronics Installations comprised of large number of smaller units

10 DC Grids 9 Off shore connections for wind energy Strengthening of existing HVAC Grid Multi-Modular Converter Hundreds of submodules per valve Very fast acting protection functions Conventional LCC-based HVDC New MMC-based HVDC

11 PMU Testing 10 PMU s assumed to be critical element of wide area protection and control Individual device performance must be understood Control test signal input to measure Total Vector Error (TVE) Im Φ Re

12 Time Reference 11 Common time reference required for simulation and device under test GPS time synchronization 1PPS, IRIG-B, and IEEE 1588 GPS Clock Phasor Measurement Unit Real-Time Digital Simulator

13 Wide Area Protection and Control 12 Wide Area Control and Protection is thought to have many advantages and benefits The wide area measurement system based on PMU can provide information to a global or master control scheme

14 Power Hardware In the Loop 13 Test of actual power equipment kw to MW range Requires special amplifiers or converters Simulation challenges due to delay between analog and digital world Test wind turbines, solar panels, etc. Connect real time simulator to microgrids to represent large scale interconnections

15 Hand-In-Hand 14 Smart Grid devices and initiatives are driving the development of real time simulators Real time simulators are allowing many new Smart Grid initiatives to be tested and developed without which they could not be deployed