Specifications for the Power Grid Simulator

Transcription

1 Specifications for the Power Grid Simulator Anjan Bose Washington State University Pullman, WA CMU Conference on Testbeds Pittsburgh, PA April 1, 2015

2 What is Simulation? Testbed? Analytical Tools? Apps? Simulation maybe a part of an analytical tool Analytical tool or app requires Input static vs time variable Output characterizes the app Simulation is a mathematical description of behavior

3 What is simulation? Is power flow a simulation? Power flow simulates an instant Simulation usually implies behavior over time Electromagnetic (<msecs) Electromechanical (>msecs) Uniform frequency (secs) Economic Dispatch (min) Unit Commitment (hours-days-weeks) Hydro Coordination (seasonal) Planning (years)

4 Time Step of 0.5(s) Time Step of 0.1(s) Time Step of 0.1(s)

5 What is Real Time? Is the computation time faster than the time step? What affects the computation time Size of the grid Complexity of the models (equations) Nonlinearities, particularly discontinuities Computer architecture Algorithm Are there any real time simulators?

6 Simulator Characteristics Models Algebraic equations (power flow) Differential equations Logic (control, protection) Main concern is the speed of dynamic behavior Faster behaviors are harder Many simulators are possible. Can they be seamlessly connected?

7 Transmission vs Distribution Mostly simulated separately Distribution models usually smaller Do we have to model distribution in our transmission simulation? Distributed generation, dynamic load control How much detail?

8 Why New Simulation Testbeds? Faster sensing (PMU) Faster communication Faster computers Faster controllers (FACTS) Can we operate the grid more efficiently and reliably? Need better tools to design and test new operational procedures and controls.

9 Simulation Challenges What is missing in the existing simulators? New measurements New power electronics equipment New controls logic Also PMUs Communications Computation Handling of the feedback loop of streaming measurements, control logic and control signals

10 Real Time Simulation Does the simulation have to be real time? Issues Synchronizing the simulation of different parts Power grid Communications Computation Control/protection logic Don t know how to do time simulation of communication and computation

11 SGDRIL Test Bed at WSU PI SYSTEM PI Analytics Programmable PMU C PI Interface PI Server OPAL-RT 11

12 Real Time Digital Simulator and Other Devices The test bed consists of a) Real Time Digital Simulator b) Master Computer c) Substation Automation Computer d) 5 Nos. of PMUs e) Software & Hardware PDCs f) Synchrophasor Vector Processor (SVP) g) Real Time Automation Controller (RTAC) h) GPS Clocks (2 Nos.) i) Ethernet Hub j) Amplifiers k) Different Softwares. 12

13 Cyber-Power System Modeling Application Layer Control Center OpenPDC RT-VSM Communication Layer NS 3, GridStat, or Deternet Sensor and Actuator Layer Subsystem Database PDC PMU Hardware Interface/Ethernet Internet Power System Layer Real Time Power System Simulator

14 GridSim: High Level Diagram Power Topology Measurement Generator Transient Stability Simulator Substation 1 Simulator User Defined Model RT Timekeeping Output Streamer Control Listener Data Receiver & Control Forwarder Topology Mapper Timestamp Generator C Output Substation 2 GridStat Control Center SE Running at 5Hz Control Center Oscillation Monitor Running at 30Hz Timing Implementation & Design Timing Design Substation N Closed Loop Controller Running at 30Hz 14

15 GridSim: Full Architectural Diagram Power Topology Transient Stability Simulator Measurement Generator Substation 1 Simulation Engine User Defined Model RT Timekeeping Output Streamer Control Listener Timing Implementation & Design Data Receiver & Control Forwarder Format Parser Timestamp Generator Topology Mapper Timing Design C Output Time Alignment Time Alignment SubstationSE SubstationGW Substation 2 SubstationSE SubstationGW Substation N GridStat Publisher GridStat Publisher GridStat GridStat Subscriber Control Center SE (5Hz) Time Alignment Computation Visualization Control Center Oscillation Monitor (30 Hz) GridStat Subscriber Time Alignment Computation Visualization Time Alignment SubstationSE SubstationGW GridStat Publisher GridStat Subscriber Controller (30Hz) Time Alignment Computation Control Actions 15

16 Adaptation for GridCloud Architecture Replay Process 1 GridCloud Replica 1 Re-played Data Files Of C Data PMU 1 PMU 2 PMU N-1 PMU N Client Handler 4632 Streams COL 1 COL 2 SubstationSE 1 P COL N-1 COL N 291 Substations SubstationSE M P Re-played Data Files Of C Data PMU 1 PMU 2 PMU N-1 PMU N Replay Process 2 Client Handler 4632 Streams COL 1 COL N-1 COL N GridCloud Replica 2 SubstationSE 1 COL Substations SubstationSE M P P GridStat S Control Center SE Running at 5Hz Time Alignment Computation Results Visualization Re-played Data Files Of C Data PMU 1 PMU 2 PMU N-1 PMU N Replay Process 3 Client Handler 4632 Streams COL 1 COL N-1 COL N GridCloud Replica 3 SubstationSE 1 COL Substations SubstationSE M P P Time-Synchronized Data Sources Internet GridCloud running on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud 16

17 Testbed Challenge What are we testing? A scenario A widget (sensor, relay, controller) A control process or protection scheme Inputs Streaming measurements (real time data) System data (static data) What simulation to use Output Must include performance metrics

18 Testbed Challenge Many testbeds? Or one very flexible testbed Changeable, flexible simulations Different system data sets Different scenarios (measurement data) Different output sets This is difficult to design. Maybe a few testbeds can cover the whole range