Integrated Smart Grid Performance Testing: NIST Research and SG Testbed

Transcription

1 Integrated Smart Grid Performance Testing: NIST Research and SG Testbed Jerry FitzPatrick National Institute of Standards and Technology Applied Electrical Metrology Group i-pcgrid March 28, 2018

2 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was assigned the primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of Smart Grid devices and systems (EISA Title XIII, Section 1305) *. * 2

3 NIST Three-Phase Plan (April 2009) White House Kickoff Meeting including DOC & DOE Secretaries Deeper engagement w/doe & FERC, industry and standards orgs NIST provided high-level national (and international) coordination 3

4 Frameworks N I S T s m a r t g r i d p r o g r a m 4

5 Smart Grid Program Strategy Foundations SG Framework Coordination Standards development SGIP / SEPA Interoperability Framework V4 Experiments Measurements Knowledge / Theory Collaborations, Smart Cities, Smart Grids Experimental facilities Smart Grid Testbed Testbed commissioning & integration Expanding capabilities Experiment/Test Bed SG Research SG Test Bed Hypothesis and Research Topics Applications SG Coordination TE Challenge Research Integrated research, common objectives Monitoring and Control Cybersecurity Communications & timing Operations and economics N I S T s m a r t g r i d p r o g r a m 5

6 NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Testbed Electrical Flow Timing and Synchronization Time-stamping and location for devices on the grid Cyber Security Develop / evaluate requirements to keep the grid secure Microgrid Power Simulates the power generation on the microgrid Microgrid Communication and Control Controls the operation of the microgrid Smart Storage Electric vehicle and residential batteries Smart Sensors Situational Awareness-- smart sensors that tell operators what s happening on the grid Smart Meters Watthour meters that communicate with the grid Network and Communication Simulates networks and protocols used to communicate among sensors, substations and other grid components NIST Cyber- Physical Systems Testbed Platform for cross-sector research in the integration of networks, physical systems, and analytics Other NIST and External Testbeds Sharing of resources, models, and data to allow flexibility and scalability, and enable more complex investigations Rooms A29-31 Room A27 Rooms A23-25 Room A21 Rooms A13-19 Rooms A13-19 Rooms A13-19 Rooms A45-65 NIST and External Communication/Data Flow

7 NIST SG Research: Common Themes GOAL: Support the ability of grid systems to accommodate DER reliably Monitoring and Control: Help improve understanding of distribution system dynamics, and enhancing ability to control and optimize the system Cybersecurity: Enable ever-diversifying devices to securely interact, and ensure reliable and resilient grid operations Communications and Timing: Maximize system controllability while minimizing infrastructure and computational overhead Operations and Economics: Quantify how changing economic context impacts technology applications and potential N I S T s m a r t g r i d p r o g r a m 7

8 Research: Monitoring and Control Support ability to control distribution systems Microgrid testbed to include: Grid/load emulators Smart inverter functions at 10kW (=> 30kW) Configure and program example microgrid scenario using microgrid controller, rotating machine generator emulator, and loads Conformance testing of microgrid controllers using IEEE Interoperability testing of multiple DER s and Loads Coordinate development of microgrid controller information model Output: Microgrid Interoperability Testbed that provides capability to test conformity of power conditioning systems devices to standards, and to test interoperability of multiple devices in microgrid scenarios N I S T s m a r t g r i d p r o g r a m 8

9 Research: Monitoring and Control Improved understanding of distribution system dynamics testing smart meters with highly distorted waveforms to assess metering errors. will explore the use of smart meters as distributed voltage and current sensors constructed an interoperability/performance test station, evaluating IEC based Merging Units will quantify measurement uncertainties and develop a software tool to analyze microgrid interoperability across sensors N I S T s m a r t g r i d p r o g r a m 9

10 New Guide for Sensor Systems IEEE Power Systems Instrumentation and Measurement Committee TF-1 Sensor Systems for the Distribution Smart Grid Draft PAR: SCOPE: This guide defines the test methods and conditions for measurement of systems of integrated voltage and current sensors and intelligent electronic devices (IED). The guide will allow the industry to test a complete sensor system for medium voltage power distribution (1kV to 69kV). PURPOSE: The purpose of this guide is to provide procedures for testing smart grid measurement systems used to measure parameters such as voltage and current on medium voltage distribution systems. The guide will allow the industry to have a uniform methodology for evaluating sensors and intelligent electronic devices (IED) under various operating conditions. N I S T s m a r t g r i d p r o g r a m 10

11 Requirements for Smart Sensors for Smart Grids High sampling rate to capture signal characteristics High-speed data processing and intelligent algorithms to reduce data processing latency Multiple sensing capabilities of electrical and physical parameters including voltage, current, power, energy, power quality More intelligent capabilities: self-description self-identification self-test. IEC Merging Unit (MU): Frequency: 60Hz Sampling rate: 80 (sample/cycle) for Protection), 256 (s/cycle) (Monitoring) For example, 256 (s/cycle) =>256x60= 15,360 (s/s)

12 Sensing Module Sensor 1 Sensor n Generic Smart Sensor Model for Smart Grids Processing Module Analog Signal Conditioning External Time Reference Timing & Synchronization Analog/Digital Conversion Metadata and/or Data Storage Intelligent Sensor Data Processing Algorithm External Time Reference (e.g., GPS, 1 PPS, IRIG-B, PTP, and NTP) Smart Sensor Network Communication Module Network Sensor Application Three Modules: Sensing module Process module (timing, signal processing, data processing and metadata) Communication Module Five Basic Capabilities: Sensing Data processing (intelligence) Metadata and/or data storage Network communication Timing & synchronization This generic model applies for smart sensors: IEEE C PMU IEC MU IEEE 1815 (DNP3) IEEE 1451 smart transducer...

13 No. Field Pass (T/F) 1 SYNC 2 FRAMESIZE 3 IDCODE 4 SOC 5 FRACSEC 6 STAT 7 PHASORS 8 FREQ 9 DFREQ 10 ANALOG 11 DIGITAL Repeat CHK Architecture for Test Development for Smart Sensors Measurement Performance Analyzer Tests: Interoperability testing Performance testing GPS GPS Clock Smart Sensor Client (SSC) IRIG-B PTP PPS Smart Sensor Protocol (SSP) Smart Sensor (SS) Power Source V CT VT I Microgrid Simulation V & I Amplifier Smart Sensor Tester (SST) Network Switch Network Sniffer Device Under Test (DUT) Real Microgrid Smart Sensor Interoperability Analyzer (SSIA) Test Report Test ID: 1: Test purpose: Test Configuration Pretest condition: Test procedures:.. Observations:

14 No. Field Pass (T/F) 1 SYNC 2 FRAMESIZE 3 IDCODE 4 SOC 5 FRACSEC 6 STAT 7 PHASORS 8 FREQ 9 DFREQ 10 ANALOG 11 DIGITAL Repeat CHK GPS Smart Sensor Testers PMU MU DNP3 IEEE 1451 Modbus Measurement Performance Analyzer GPS Clock IRIG-B PTP PPS Wired & Wireless Networks Smart Sensors (DUTs) IEEE C PMU IEC & MU V I V I Network, Switches & Routers IEEE 1815 (DNP3) DNP3- IEEE 1451 IEEE based V I Modbus Modbus V I Network Sniffer Smart Sensor Interoperability Analyzer (SSIA) Power Sources & Simulators

15 15 Thank you!