IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation

Transcription

1 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation Dr. Alexander Apostolov AREVA T&D Automation XVIII SNPTEE Curitiba, Brazil, 19 October 2005

2 Introduction IEC is now an approved international standard It allows the development of a new generation of substation automation systems and applications Devices conforming with the new communications standard are available from multiple vendors 2 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 2

3 Introduction 3 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 3

4 Introduction IEC Parts >1000 pages (English only!) 10 years of development REAL SUBSTATION Different vendors Interoperability Easy specification Is it really that simple? 4 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 4

5 Introduction IEC is not just a new communications protocol Its successful implementation requires: Good understanding of the principles of the standard (No Ignorance!) Teamwork Ambition 5 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 5

6 Introduction 6 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 6

7 Introduction 7 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 7

8 Introduction 8 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 8

9 IEC Standard - Organization 9 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 9

10 IEC Key Benefits Speed: 100 Mbps instead of few 10 kbps More data for a better operation & maintenance Peer-to-peer: No extra hardware Design of innovative automation schemes, late tuning Conditional report instead of polling Optimal performances IP (Internet Protocol) routing: Ubiquitous data access Capability to extend the system outside of the substation Client-server: Instead of master-slave Flexible designs easy to upgrade Pre-defined names: Single vocabulary between users Easier engineering between teams XML references: Formal interfaces Consistency between engineering tools A true step forward 10 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 10

11 IEC 61850: Basic applications and possible extensions Telecontrol of substations stca in discussion, IEC TC57 / Ad Hoc Working Group 07 Addendum Power Quality, Monitoring under way, IEC 57/624/NP Product standard for switchgear equipment under way, IEC Control and monitoring of wind power plants under way, IEC Control and monitoring of distributed power stations under way, IEC 57/660/NP Control and monitoring of hydroelectric power plants under way, IEC 57/661/NP Metering (EPRI, IEEE), Gas, Water in discussion Several other WG within: IEEE PSRC H5: Setting, etc. UCA International: Testing, etc. CIGRE B5.11: Use of IEC in substation, etc. DKE/VDN (Germany): Recommendations 11 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 11

12 Substation Automation Project Make sure you ve got every ingredient before you start 12 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 12

13 Inside the IEC Communication first Services: How to transfer data? (Parts 7, 8 and 9) Objects: How to address data? (Parts 7, 8 and 9) Configuration: How to share common references between applications? (Part 6) Conformance test objectives: How to test a server in front of a reference simulator (Part 10) IEC Some non communication aspects 14 Parts >1000 pages (English only!) Environmental conditions (Part 3) 10 years of development Engineering requirements (Part 4) System lifecycle (Part 4) Informal function description (Part 5) Connectivity between primary devices (Part 6) 13 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 13

14 Inside the IEC IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 14

15 Logical architecture: Data flow TRADITIONNAL (> 80%) IEC POTENTIAL IMPACT Master HMI Gateway Station Computer Simple and standard clients Client T104, http, etc. Client Client Protection Bay computer Slave Slave IP Routable Server Server Server Fast Peer-to-Peer Central point Distributed functions limited by performances Non trivial design for innovative schemes (performances, side effects) 15 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 15

16 Outside the IEC Functional specification IED content System architecture Migration strategy Non communication configuration Configuration & setting management Inter-operability tests Project phases What you need to add for a real project! 16 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 16

17 Functional specification (1) IEC is defining a series of function names Logical Nodes Example: PDIS = Distance Protection Each logical node is associated to a data structure Example: Str = Start (for a protection) The content of the data structure can be remotely accessed Example: Report Str when there is a change But the function itself is not defined Example: distance algorithm is specific to each manufacturer The function shall be described by the project specification Example: tripping time, number of zones, etc. So what s new? 17 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 17

18 Functional specification (2) No change for functions contained in a single IED Example: distance protection function Distributed functions shall be defined Example: Station Wide Interlocking Some distributed functions are easy to identify Interlocking, Inter-tripping, Load Shedding, Protection Acceleration, etc. Some distributed functions require more attention Redundancy management, alarm management, time synchronization server, etc. Just replicating old schemes is likely to restrict the technology benefits Need to think out of the box to build cost effective solutions: standard clients, standard bays, new automation Accurately specify distributed functions when mixing suppliers 18 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 18

19 IED Content IEC enable to freely allocate the Logical Nodes into the IEDs A way to foster creativity A given IED will map a subset of all possible LN Hardware and software resources A project has to make compromises Imposed IEDs: qualification, installed, coupled with remote ones, etc. IED & Client Availability (suppliers) Client-Server roles B11 B12 SCSMs supported Server side (of TWO-PARTY- APPLICATION-ASSOCIATION) Client side of (TWO-PARTY- APPLICATION-ASSOCIATION) Client/ Subscriber B21 SCSM: IEC used A-Profile client/server Y T-Profile TCP/IP A-Profile GSE/GOOSE T-profile GSE/GOOSE Server/ Publisher Y A-Profile client/server T-Profile TCP/IP A-Profile GSE/GOOSE T-profile GSE/GOOSE B22 SCSM: IEC used N N B23 SCSM: IEC used N N B24 SCSM: other N N Generic substation event model (GSE) B31 Publisher side Y B32 Subscriber side Y Value/Commen ts A project shall check a priori compatibility between devices PICS: Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement MICS: Model Implementation Conformance Statement ICD: IED Capability Description Capability to realize a complete function between distributed devices, including logic configuration capabilities Transmission of sampled value model (SVC) B41 Publisher side N B42 Subcriber side N c1 shall be M if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared. 19 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 19

20 System architecture Nothing is defined by the IEC Will to enable innovation Logical architecture shall be defined Nominal Data flow: clients/servers and peer-to-peer, short and medium term sizing Non Nominal Data Flow: missing device, invalid data, performance during avalanches Redundancy management: client and server sides, cold/hot Performance management: multi-cast filtering, VLAN, Clusters Security: how to protect from external threats Physical architecture shall be defined Electrical/optical Single/redundant Loop/Star Ethernet Switches System architect is required as per any Information System 20 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 20

21 A ( new ) job essential for innovative design and/or mix of different suppliers matching evolving business processes Both long term view (defining guidelines) and short term perspective (real projects) Short term The system architect Guarantee the functional consistency of the various devices working together and the system performances Make sure that distributed functions are fully defined and have acceptable side effects in case of degraded situations Mix legacy devices with new technology and define migration paths Manage the increasing system complexity: version, security, etc. Design with system tests & costs in mind: interoperability, functional validation, performances Design and regularly improve internal generic standard 21 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 21

22 System Architecture vs. System Integration System Architect System Integration Distributed functions detailed specifications (LN mapping, LN detailed logic, report parameters, etc.) Migration strategy Communication architecture PICS and MICS of the IEDs to be used IED preliminary choice and supplier participation negotiation IED paper inter-operability analysis and validation Performances simulations SSD Medium/long term evolution Security policy Standard packages (bay, schemes, etc.) Project technical supervision 22 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 22 Overall specification Distributed function specification adjustment Overall configuration databases and setting Plate-form components purchasing and assembly Test plan/sheet/results for nominal/degraded/performance scenario IED fault reports/change report emission and supplier negotiations within the agreed frame Architect fault report Version management for HW/SW/Database per IED FAT/SAT/Maintenance

23 Migration strategy Greenfields happen but are (very) rare Need to define the general migration from present situation to the future Several strategies need to define the applicable one Per function, for example: change protection first Per electro-technical entity, for example: bay or voltage level Key criteria: aging device, qualified device, outage minimization, etc. Proxy concept Gateway from past protocol to IEC IED, RTU or even GUI Network vision Telecontrol: protocol, configuration exchanges Asset management Distributed automation Part of the big picture 23 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 23

24 Non communication configuration (1) System configuration aims first at sharing the same data reference (addresses) between distributed devices Single data entry and (implied) consistency Communications Need is increasing with the new technology More data are likely to be transmitted More than client-server schemes System configuration goes beyond the pure communication Wiring Automation HMI Automation Graphic Physical I/Os A growing requirement 24 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 24

25 Non communication configuration (2) Most real time value are shared between the source (IED) and GUI or Gateway Electrical topology is typically shared between devices and used for interlocking, voltage regulation of parallel transformers, etc. Automation description: IEC /1499 Graphical description: SVG Testing tools Substation Configuration Language (SCL) is focused on communication Communication & IEDs capabilities description: IEC Sharing data between clients and servers, publisher and subscriber <20% of the system configuration Need for extensions CAD tools SCADA 25 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 25

26 Configuration management Configuration management Fixing bugs Evolving Substation Requirements (size, functions, etc.) Adding features Capability to distribute configuration databases to the various devices and insure that their versions are consistent between them But a also that they are consistent with evolving hardware and software versions Inconsistent databases might lead to security issues (example: control the wrong circuit breaker) Not defined by IEC, i.e. specific to a supplier or a user Solution: manual process or central software client 26 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 26

27 Setting management IEC Independent Engineering Encapsulated Protocols Web-services, 100 Mbps/s Ethernet Setting management Capability to adjust a device setting, i.e. local data only IEC is defining a change of setting group (similar to IEC ) but not the change of individual parameter IEC is defining a subset of the setting of a real device (common subset between suppliers) and is not defining how to do it (file transfer, individual setting change, device reboot, etc) Solution: encapsulation of the traditional setting messages over TCP/IP, in parallel to pure IEC exchanges 27 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 27

28 Inter-operability tests (1) IEC is defining purely conformance tests objectives Communication centric in front of a reference simulator Detailed testing scenario are being defined by UCA International (not in part 10) A way to get confidence in the implementation No way to test the application data modeling consistency (since function oriented) Test Master Test Monitor Load Simulator Time Sync HMI Monitor Binary, Analog Inputs DUT 1 Binary, Analog Outputs Station Bus 28 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 28

29 Inter-operability tests (2) Test level Example Project tests End-to-end tests, exact distributed functions, Ethernet infrastructure IEDs inter-operability tests Typical distributed functions (nominal/degraded/performance) Mapping sample IED Conformance test IEC communications IED Test Functional Environmental Need for tools and methodology 29 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 29

30 Inter-operability tests (3) Communication is only a mean to perform a function distributed between communicating devices Functional level Non Trivial Test Example 1. Supervision 1. Consistent time tagging 2. Control 2. Sequence of tests with SBO 3. Disturbance record retrieval 3. Keep real time values retrieval 3. Remote setting 4. Transparent mode Define the level of functional integration then make the right system tests 30 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 30

31 Project phases A project is much more than a demo More data will be exchanged with the new technology thus methodology importance is increasing Need to structure the work to converge quickly Requirements System specification System Architecture Database & platform building Inter-operability tests Project tests Need to clarify the roles End user System architect System integrator Product suppliers 31 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 31

32 Conclusion: A long term investment Benefits Traditional Technology GOOSE Standard Clients New applications (local, network) Network data integration Learning curve COPY QUICK HITS DEEP CHANGES Investment phase Scalable systems 32 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 32

33 No pain, no gain! 33 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 33

34 The secret to successful blackout analysis 34 IEC 61850: From Paper to Operation 34