Business Computing Level 5 L22142 Unit 1 Computer Introduction College: Monaghan Institute FETAC Further Education and Training Awards Council

Transcription

1 Business Computing Level 5 L22142 Unit 1 Computer Introduction College: Monaghan Institute FETAC Further Education and Training Awards Council

2 Unit 1 Computer Introduction Specific Learning Objectives Page Define the terms hardware and software Evaluate the main components of a computer processing system i.e. input, output, processing and backing store Distinguish between the various types of computer Mainframe Mini Micro (desktop, notebook, palmtop) Evaluate the use of various input devices with reference to specific application e.g. Keyboard Mouse Touch sensitive screen Microphone (voice data entry) Scanner Smart Cards Sensors e.g. alarms, climate control Evaluate the use of various output devices with reference to specific applications e.g. Printers (impact and non-impact) Plotters Monitors Disks (magnetic and optical) Speakers Identify the specifications of a range of office and business equipment e.g. fax, telephone, photocopier Distinguish between the various types of printers and plotters and outline their advantages and disadvantages 1 Monaghan Institute

3 1.1.8 Identify the various backing store devices and their associated media and outline their advantages and disadvantages e.g. Floppy Disk Hard Disk Optical Disk Magnetic Tape Memory Card/Stick Magnetic Disks Describe the main parts of a small network, e.g. gateway, router, hub, server, etc Distinguish between systems and applications software Describe the major functions carried out by an operating system e.g. Providing the user interface Scheduling resources amongst users Reporting errors to the user File handling/controlling access to data on storage devices Controlling operations of peripheral devices Running required software Memory management 2 Monaghan Institute

4 Definition What is a computer? The simplest definition of a computer is A computer is a machine for processing data or A computer is a general-purpose machine that processes data according to a set of instructions that are stored internally, either temporarily or permanently Define the terms hardware and software Hardware is the general term used to describe all the electronic and mechanical elements of the computer. Hardware is basically something that has size and shape and can be seen and touched. For example computer screen, printer, disk drive, mouse, cables, etc. Software is the general term used to describe the various programs used on a computer. Software is something that has no size and it cannot be touched, but a computer cannot do anything without software. Software is generally supported on a CD. Software is continually being updated and developed. Updates can be introduced to correct faults and add new improvements to software. Software can be broken down into: Systems Software operating system to control the computers operation. For example Windows 7, Windows XP or Vista. An operating system turns an assortment of electronic parts into a compu ter that we can use to do things. It acts 3 Monaghan Institute

5 as an interface between the different hardware devices and the user. When the computer boots up it is the operating system that we see first. Applications Software software which is used to perform specific tasks. example Word, Excel, Access and Internet Explorer. For Evaluate the main components of a computer processing system i.e. input, output, processing and backing store A computer component is a computer part or hardware. These can be divided into two groups, the components inside the tower and the components we can see. Main Components of a Computer Processing System Inside the Tower a. Hard Drive e. RAM Random Access Memory b. CPU Central Processing Unit f. Modem c. Motherboard g. Video Card d. PSU Power Supply Unit h. Network Card 1) Hard Drive Like the filing cabinet inside your computer. This stores all of your programs and files its size is measured in GB (the more GB, the more you can store). The average size today is upward of 120GB. 2) CPU Central Processing Unit The CPU stands Central Processing Unit - the 'brain' of the computer. This is one of the smallest yet most expensive parts of a PC. When people talk about the speed of a computer they are talking about the speed of the CPU. The CPU interprets the instructions you give the computer and then carries out the task. The speed of a CPU is measured in Mhz and Ghz (the more Mhz the faster the PC) and the bigger your CPU the faster a computer can work. Manufactures include Intel, AMD and IBM. 3) Motherboard This is the main board on the computer. All the components slot in or connect to the motherboard it is a very complicated and intricate. 4 Monaghan Institute

6 4) PSU Power Supply Unit This is where the mains power plugs into the computer. It is located at the back of the computer next to the fan which keeps it cool. The PSU has lots of cables connected to it which can plug into the components on the PC including the CD ROM, Hard Drive, Fan and Motherboard. 5) RAM Random Access Memory RAM - stands for Random Access Memory. This is a temporary type of memory used while you are working on your computer (where your work is saved before you actually save it). It is the memory a computer needs to run software. When you load or 'run' software, it goes into RAM. If you type something it also goes into RAM before being saved on the hard disk. When you turn your computer off all the data in RAM is lost. The performance of RAM is measured in MB, the more MB of RAM a PC has, the better it can cope with big tasks like having lots of applications open at once, if you have a small amount of RAM the PC will crash and become very slow. RAM can be easily added to a computer to improve its performance. 6) Modem This is what is used to connect a computer to the internet it connects though a phone line. The performance of a modem is measured in KB. The speed of modems is limited by phone lines (that is why we now have broadband). 7) Video Card A video card sends the picture signals from the motherboard to the monitor. The video card is inserted into the mother board like the RAM. It interprets what needs to be displayed and passes the message on to the monitor. You can get powerful 3D cards for games, some video cards are so fast they have to have their own fans. Performance of video cards is measured in MB (the more MB the faster the picture appears). Average size today is about 64mb. 5

7 8) Network Card Network cards (network interface controller) are used to connect computers to a computer network; all the computers in the college have a network card so they can talk to each other. The speed of a network card is measured in MB per second. From MEMORY name 8 of the main components which are found inside the tower of a computer and state briefly what they do: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) NOTES: 6

8 Main Components of a Computer Processing System We can See Input and Output a. Input Devices Any device that is used to enter data into a computer system is called an input device, the following are 9 different types of input device match the numbers with the images: 1. Keyboard 6. Scanner 2. Mouse 7. TouchPad 3. Graphics Tablet 8. TrackerBall 4. Microphone 9. Joystick 5. Digital Camera 7

9 b. Output Devices An output device is any device that is used to present data in a usable form from a computer system is called an OUTPUT device. The output may be permanent (on paper) or may be temporary (on screen). There are many different types of OUTPUT device, each one designed to provide an efficient way of retrieving the DATA. Match the following descriptions with the name of the output device: a) Laser Printer b) Data Projector c) Headphones d) Speakers e) Inkjet Printer f) Monitor VDU Visual Display Unit used for displaying the picture outputted from the graphics card. Used to output noise from the computer, also consider buzzers and alarms, e.g burglar alarm. This printer has a print head which fires small jets of ink at the paper. Head consists of a line of jets similar to the dot matrix 600 dpi. (data pixels per inch) 3 colours are magenta, cyan and yellow. This printer works like a photocopier. A laser beam scans the document and then the toner is fused to the paper to form an image. Uses light bulbs to project an image which is sent from the computer, to the wall of the classroom. Just like speakers but the noise does not distract others in the same room Distinguish between the various types of computer a. Mainframe Mainframe computers are used by very large corporations and have large computing power and storage space. Modern mainframes tend to be about the size of a large storage cabinet. These computers would be stored in a special room with a large 7

10 number of terminals connected to them. These computers are very powerful and process data very quickly. Main frames are very expensive and are therefore only used by large corporations. Dumb Terminals Mainframe Computer b. Mini Mini computers have a similar arrangement to mainframe computers but are smaller typically the size of a small filing cabinet. These would be used in situations where the large power and storage of a mainframe was not required. This type of computer is not nearly as expensive as a mainframe but still retains a lot of the mainframe features. Mini computers are typically found in sizable companies. c. Micro (desktop, notebook, palmtop) Micro computers are by far the most common type of computer. They are commonly referred to as a PC (Personal Computer). The modern micro computer is as powerful as a mainframe was a number of years ago; they are relatively cheap and have a vast number of programs available for them. They are fast and have large storage and are used in a wide variety of businesses, there is a PC in most homes today. NOTES: 8

11 1.1.4 Evaluate the use of various input devices with reference to specific application e.g. a. Keyboard Keyboards are one of the two basic components used for data entry. Keyboards use the Qwerty typing layout similar to typewriters. Keyboards usually also have a number keypad to the right which can be used to enter numeric data. Keyboard demonstration notes: Write at least one keyboard shortcut: b. Mouse c. Touch sensitive screen d. Microphone (voice data entry) e. Scanner In computing, an image scanner often abbreviated to just scanner is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common examples found in offices are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. f. Smart Cards A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC), is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits. A smart card or microprocessor cards contain volatile memory and microprocessor components. The card is made of plastic. 9

12 g. Sensors e.g. alarms, climate control A sensor also called detector is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base. There are also innumerable applications for sensors of which most people are never aware. Applications include cars, machines, aerospace, medicine, manufacturing and robotics. A sensor is a device which receives and responds to a signal. Sensors are used in alarms and in climate control to detect changes and computers can react according to the changes appropriately for e.g. Fire alarm, burglar alarm, air conditioning and a refrigerator Evaluate the use of various output devices with reference to specific applications e.g. a. Printers (impact and non-impact) An impact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an ink ribbon that physically contacts the paper. Impact printers are noisy, and they do not print very good quality work. Impact printers use a print head containing a number of metal pins which strike an inked ribbon placed between the print head and the paper. Nonimpact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper. Some of these printers use heat and pressure to create images and some spray ink. Nonimpact printers are much quieter than impact printers because they do not strike the paper. Three types of nonimpact printers that are used most often are ink-jet printers, laser printers, and thermal printers. The term nonimpact is important primarily in that it distinguishes quiet printers from noisy (impact) printers. 10

13 Impact Printers Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages 1. Multiple copying depth- more than one page can be printed at the same time. 2. No toner cartridge therefore cleaner. Disadvantage 1. They make so much noise that nobody wants them near. 2. If tractor driven the perforated edge is a hassle. 3. Separating the sheet forms. 4. No printing on back. 5. No collating. b. Plotters A plotter is a device that draws pictures on paper based on commands from a computer. Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines using a pen, they work by moving a pen across the surface of a piece of paper. As a result, they can produce continuous lines. Which means that plotters are restricted to line art, whereas other printers can only simulate lines by printing a closely spaced series of dots. Multicolour plotters use different-coloured pens to draw different colons. They are often slow because of the mechanical movement of the pens and incapable of efficiently creating a solid region of colour. In general, plotters are considerably more expensive than printers. They are used in engineering applications where precision is mandatory. c. Monitors A monitor or display (visual display unit) is an electronic visual display for computers. The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry, and an enclosure. The display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT- LCD) thin panel, while older monitors use a cathode ray tube about as deep as the screen size. Originally, computer monitors were used for data processing while television receivers were used for entertainment. From the 1980s onwards, computers (and their monitors) 11

14 have been used for both data processing and entertainment, while televisions have implemented some computer functionality. d. Disks (magnetic, optical and memory cards) The normal method of storing programs and information on a computer is on a magnetic disk or optical disk. Later we will discuss the most common types of storage in SLO Magnetic Disk The data in this device is stored on a magnetic tape in the same way as an audio tape i.e. sequentially. In order to retrieve data from the tape it is necessary to go to the exact point on the tape where the piece of data is stored. The technology associated with tape storage has developed and write speeds up to 15 Mbps. However read speed is greatly affected by the time taken to find the required data. Therefore this type of storage device is usually only used for archival storage. Optical Disk Normally referred to as CDs and consist of an optical surface on to which the data is burned using a laser beam. The data is read from the disc using a laser. The DVD is a variation of the CD. Discs are now available that may be reused and these are referred to as rewritable RW discs. CDs normally hold about 650 MB. Memory Cards This is a small memory device that is used in a variety of digital equipment such as PDAs, digital cameras, laptops and USBs, etc. It is simply an amount of RAM which may be plugged in and out of the unit it is used in. These devices are also referred to as flash cards or memory sticks. Read/write speed is usually less than 20 Mbps. e. Speakers Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers external to a computer, which disable the lower fidelity built-in speaker and omit sound. They often have a low-power internal amplifier. Computer speakers range widely in quality and in price. The computer speakers typically packaged with computer 12

15 systems are small, plastic, and have mediocre sound quality. Some computer speakers have equalization features such as bass and treble controls. Speakers can come in a va rity of different formats buzzers, bells and speakers Identify the specifications of a range of office and business equipment e.g. fax, telephone, photocopier Fax (short for facsimile), sometimes called telecopying, is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material (both text and images), normally to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device. The original document is scanned with a fax machine, which processes the contents as a single fixed graphic image, converting it into a bitmap. The information is then transmitted as electrical signals through the telephone system. The receiving fax machine reconverts the coded image, printing a paper copy. Telephone The telephone is a telecommunications device that transmits and receives sound, most commonly the human voice. Telephones are a point-to-point communication system whose most basic function is to allow two people separated by large distances to talk to each other. It is one of the most common appliances in the developed world, and has long been considered indispensable to businesses, households and governments. The word "telephone" has been adapted to many languages and is widely recognized around the world. All telephones have a microphone to speak into, an earphone which reproduces the voice of the other person, a ringer which makes a sound to alert the owner when a call is coming in and a keypad. Photocopier A photocopier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry process using heat. 13

16 1.1.7 Distinguish between the various types of printers and plotters and outline their advantages and disadvantages Introduction to Printers Deciding what kind of printer you want to purchase -- inkjet, laser, or multifunction -- can be frustrating and confusing. There are so many types and brands of printers to choose from, at all prices, and just like computers, new models seem to be introduced on a monthly basis. How can the average consumer make an informed choice? In order to make sense of it all, we offer the following tips: What do you need the printer to do? This is probably the most important question to answer. If you just need to occasionally print out documents such as letters, copies of Web pages from the Internet or simple spreadsheets, a low-end inkjet or laser printer is fine. If you need to do presentations or high quality photographs, you want a photo printer. If you print over 100 pages on a daily basis and don't need color, you may want to look at the faster laser printers. And, of course, if you are starting a home business and you need a combination of scanner, printer, copier, and fax machine, a multifunction printer is best. Factors to Consider Other important factors to be considered before purchasing a printer are: 1. Resolution - the number of dots a printer prints in a square inch (over 1440 dpi is good). Choose a higher end model with a higher resolution if you will be printing lots of presentation-quality text, graphics and photos. 2. Operating Cost - Calculate the cost of replacement ink cartridges and paper, because printer users must continually purchase more ink cartridges and toner when the old ones run out or dry up. Be aware that the cost of paper, toner and ink can amount to more than the original cost of the printer within a year or so. 3. Speed - the volume of printout (pages per minute) is essential if you are printing large numbers of documents in black and white 4. Size of the printout - will you be printing on oversized or non-standard paper, heavy card stock, blueprints, transparencies, etc? Then choose a printer whose paper path is no sharper than 90 degrees to allow printing on various types of media without jamming. 14

17 5. Photo Quality - Specialty color printers that have photo lab quality are essential if you are looking for a printer that can print high-resolution images on photo paper. 6. Digital camera cards and Memory Sticks - does the printer need to have built-in slots for these de vices? 7. Network enabled - will you be connecting the new printer to a home or office network? 8. Image processing - Processing images takes a lot of power, so printers often have as much computing horsepower and memory as a PC. Some printers form the complete image in memory prior to printing it, which allows them to handle large files quickly. 9. Ease of use - how easy is the printer setup process? 10. Compatibility - The newer printers are all USB-compatible, which means they will work for Windows 98/2000/XP, and with Mac System 8.1 or higher. 11. Warranty - be sure to purchase a printer that includes a manufacturer's and/or store warranty (at least 90 days). The four main different types of printers are: Ink-jet Printers Laser Printers Dot-Matrix Printers Multifunctional Normally home computer users will use ink-jets as they are relatively cheap but superior in quality to dot-matrix. Laser jets and other printers created by new technology are more expensive and more commonly found in the offices. Dot Matrix Impact (Dot-matrix) printers use a set of closely spaced pins and a ribbon to print letters or other characters on a page. These printers actually impact the page to print a character, much like a typewriter. Dot-matrix printers vary in terms of speed and the number of pins they have. They can run at a speed anywhere between 50 and 500 CPS (Characters Per Second). The number of pins, which can vary between 9 to 24, determines the quality of the print job. Dot matrix printers are 15

18 commonly used for printing invoices, purchase orders, shipping forms, labels, and other multi-part forms. Dot matrix printers can print through multi-part forms in a single pass, allowing them to produce more pages than even high-speed laser printers. Inkjet Ink-jets(bubble-jets) printers spray ionized tiny drops of ink onto a page to create an image. This is achieved by using magnetized plates which direct the ink's path onto the paper in the desired pattern. Almost all ink-jets offer a color option as standard, in varying degrees of resolution. Ink-jet printers are capable of producing high quality print which almost matches the quality of a laser printer. A standard ink-jet printer has a resolution of 300 dots per inch, although newer models have improved on that. As a rule color link-jet printers can also be used as a regular black and white printer. When a Color Inkjet Printer is the Best Choice Ink jets are a good choice if you are looking for high quality color photo output for a reasonable price. Prices start at around 150. First, you'll need to decide on the type of machine you want: a standard ink jet for reasonable photos and a low purchase price, or a photo ink jet for superior photo quality. All of the top models offer 4800-by-1200-dpi resolution, but they vary quite a bit in terms of printing speed. Choose an inkjet printer based on the cost of replacement ink cartridges, and not on the cost of the printer. Over time ink and paper costs can exceed the cost of the printer several times over. Avoid single-cartridge printers which only come with a color cartridge that can't print true color. It is more cost effective to purchase a color inkjet with multiple color cartridges (CMYK), so they can be replaced individually. Another cost saving tip: Leaving any inkjet idle for even a week or two can allow the ink in the tiny tubes that feed the nozzles to dry. The resulting clogs cause streaks and other anomalies in your pictures. To avoid clogs, print at least once a week. Some printers run a maintenance routine on startup, meaning that you can keep the nozzles clear simply by turning your printer on and off once a week. Check your device's manual to see whether it has this feature. LaserJet 16

19 Laser printers operate by shining a laser beam to produce an image on a drum. The drum is then rolled through a pool, or reservoir, or toner, and the electrically charged portions of the drum pick up ink. Finally, using a combination of heat and pressure, the ink on the drum is transferred onto the page. Laser printers print very fast, and the supply cartridges work a long time. Color laser printers use the same toner-based printing process as black and white ( B/W) laser printers, except that they combine four different toner colors. Color laser printers can also be used as a regular black and white laser printer. When to Choose a Laser Printer If you do a lot of document printing, don't use an inkjet printer. Use a laser printer. Laser printers cost more to buy but much less to use - they are very cost effective to operate since their toner cartridges are not replaced as often. With all costs figured in, each document page printed on a typical laser printer costs from 2 cents to 5 cents; on an inkjet, the cost per page can run from 10 cents to 15 cents, depending on the model. (This does not even count the cost of photo printing, which can cost up to a eurp per page on an inkjet when you include the high cost of photo paper and the additional ink that's used in that mode.) Plotters Plotters are large-scale printers that are very accurate at reproducing line drawings. They are commonly used for technical drawings such as engineering drawings or architectural blueprints. The two basic types of plotters are called flatbed plotters and drum plotters. Flatbed plotters are horizontally aligned with a flat surface to which a piece of paper is attached. The paper remains stationary and the printer moves pens across the paper to draw the image. Drum plotters, also called upright plotters, are vertically positioned. They have a drum that the paper rolls on. Drum plotters usually make more noise and are more compact than flatbed plotters. Digital Photo printers Many middle range printers are now able to print photo quality images. Usually an option with color printers, specialist photo print heads allow a greater resolution to be achieved to 17

20 improve photo image quality. Photo ink jet printers expand their gamuts by adding additional ink colors, usually light cyan and light magenta. Network printer is a printer that provides output capabilities to all network users. Multifunction printers combine top-quality color ink-jet or laser printing with plain-paper and PC faxing, color copying and color scanning, telephoning- all in one convenient, space-saving machine. If you work from home or have a small office a multifunctional device may be ideal. Name 10 of the factors you should consider when deciding on which printer you would buy? 1) 6) 2) 7) 3) 8) 4) 9) 5) 10) What is the difference between a Laser Printer and an Inkjet Printer? 18

21 1.1.8 Identify the various backing store devices and their associated media and outline their advantages and disadvantages e.g. Floppy Disk Hard Disk Optical Disk Magnetic Tape Memory Card/Stick Magnetic Disks Describe the main parts of a small network, e.g. gateway, router, hub, server, etc. Distinguish between a LAN and a WAN A computer network is a number of computers linked together to allow them to share resources. Networked computers can share hardware (such as a printer), software and data. There are two types of network: LAN - Local Area Network WAN - Wide Area Network Local Area Network (LAN) A LAN is a Local Area Network covering a small area such as one building e.g. in a school or a college. Within a LAN, computers and other hardware devices are connected to the file server. This allows the computers to share resources. Wide Area Network (WAN) A WAN is a Wide Area Network covering a large geographical area. Within a WAN, many terminals are connected to the host computers. This allows networks to be cover a large geographical area. 1. The Internet is a WAN. 2. A network of bank cash dispensers is a WAN. 3. A school network is a LAN. 19

22 LANs are often connected to WANs, for example a school network could be connected to the Internet. Identify the components necessary to connect a computer to an Internet Provider To connect a computer to the internet you need: 1. A computer. 2. A telephone line. 3. A modem 4. An account with an ISP (Internet Service Provider) 5. Browser software a program which lets you connect to the internet e.g. Internet Explorer or Firefox Distinguish between systems and applications software See presentation notes Describe the major functions carried out by an operating system e.g. a. Providing the user interface b. Scheduling resources amongst users c. Reporting errors to the user d. File handling/controlling access to data on storage devices e. Controlling operations of peripheral devices f. Running required software g. Memory management 20

23 File handling/controlling access to data on storage devices Explain the terms file, folder/directory, drive A file is usually a document created in Excel, Word or any other program which we have saved onto our computer. For example you may have created a file which is a memo about a meeting. File Memo To: J. Vincent From: S. Sanghera Re: Meeting Please bring your notes with you, A folder is usually some where we have saved a file or lots of files. It is important to save files in folders related to the content of the file. Folder Safety Meetings A drive is where the actual location of the stored files and folders are. Think of this as the filing cabinet, the My Documents folder is usually saved on the C Drive of a computer. Drive 21

24 The E Drive is where I have saved my work (USB memory). These are files in the folder Year 7 which is saved on the E Drive. These are folders in the E drive. Explain what it means to format a disk Formatting a disk means permanently deleting all the information on the disk or USB and making it blank. To format a floppy disk or a USB go to My Computer right click on the disk or drive and select Format. When you click on Format you will be asked if you are sure you want to Format if you select OK the computer will format the disk for you. Note: Do not format a disk or drive unless you are sure you want to permanently delete all the information on it. 22

25 Explain storage capacity The storage capacity of a memory device is how much information it can hold. To find the storage capacity of any drive which is part of your computer or attached to your computer go to My Computer right click on the drive or device and go to Properties. From the Properties window you will see the overall capacity (size) of the drive and the Used and Free space available on that drive. Memory Size Computer memory and disk space is measured by the number of bytes or characters it is capable of holding. Since these numbers are very large the terms kilobyte (KB), megabyte (MB) and gigabyte (GB) are used: 1KB = approximately 1,000 bytes (1,024 exactly). 1MB = approximately 1,000,000 bytes (1,048,576 exactly). 1GB = approximately 1,000,000,000 bytes (1,073,741,824 exactly). Recognise the ability of computers to communicate with one another 23

26 Computers communicate with each other via a network or the internet. The Internet or is a global network connecting millions of computers. In order for a computer to connect to another computer on the internet the computer must first have a modem. The modem converts the signals from digital to analogue and sends or receives the information through the broadband or phone line. 24

27 Outline the main points of the Data Protection Act Data protection is about your fundamental right to privacy. You can access and correct data about yourself. Those who keep data about you have to comply with data protection principles. What is data protection? When you give your personal details to an organisation or individual, they have a duty to keep these details private and safe. This process is known as data protection. We refer to organisations or individuals who control the contents and use of your personal details as data controllers. Most of us give information about ourselves to groups such as Government bodies, banks, insurance companies, medical professionals and telephone companies to use their services or meet certain conditions. Organisations or individuals can also get information about us from other sources. Under data protection law, you have rights regarding the use of these personal details and data controllers have certain responsibilities in how they handle this information. What are my rights? You have a range of rights when a person or organisation takes and records your personal details. Please read this section carefully to make sure that you are aware of your rights. 1. Right to have your details used in line with data protection regulations 2. Right to information about your personal details 3. Right to access your personal details 4. Right to know if your personal details are being held 5. Right to change or remove your details 6. Right to prevent use of your personal details 7. Right to remove your details from a direct marketing list 8. Right to object 9. Right to freedom from automated decision making 10. Right to refuse direct marketing calls or mail Reference: Reference: Connect with power supply, following appropriate safety procedures. Switch on and boot up computer, using procedures appropriate to the system. 25

28 Turn on the computer at the power button. Ensure your monitor is switched on. Shut down the system, using appropriate procedures Go to Start > Turn Off Computer > Turn Off When the computer is off turn off the power at the plug. Operate computer, with due attention to safety procedures Don t slouch Keep your back at around a 90 degree angle Keep your feet on the ground Take regular breaks Sit facing the monitor in a straight line 26