Network Science. Frank Takes. January 9, LIACS, Leiden University, The Netherlands. Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
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1 Network Science Frank Takes LIACS, Leiden University, The Netherlands January 9, 2015 Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
2 Data Network Science Data Data Analysis Data Mining Data Science Big Data Network science: analyzing big structured data consisting of objects connected via certain relationships, in short: networks Interest from: mathematics, computer science, physics, biology, public administration, social sciences,... Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
3 Structured vs unstructured data Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
4 Networks Objects/entities/nodes/vertices Relationships/ties/links/edges Network/graph: objects and relationships between objects Data attributes are annotations on the nodes and the edges Examples: Online social networks Scientific citation and collaboration networks Webgraphs Biological networks Communication networks Corporate networks Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
5 Collaboration Network (n = 102) Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
6 Protein Interaction Network (n = 1458) Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
7 Corporate Social Network NL (n = 1948) Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
8 Webgraph (n = 250, 000) Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
9 Facebook (n = 1, 000, 000, 000) Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
10 Network Science Challenges Efficient graph data storage, retrieval, processing, computation and visualization Knowledge discovery Finding patterns Link prediction Diffusion of information Structure-based ranking Community detection Interpretation Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
11 Example: Corporate Social Network Nodes are firms (world-wide) Links are social ties between firms (board interlocks) Board interlock: two firms share a senior level director 1,068,409 firms 3,262,413 interlocks 80 countries Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
12 Corporate Social Network NL (n = 1948) Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
13 Corporate Social Network NL (n = 1948) Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
14 Ranking using Centrality Centrality: importance of a node in a network based on the structure of the network Centrality measure: numeric value of centrality Degree Centrality Betweenness Centrality Closeness Centrality Eccentricity Centrality PageRank Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
15 Top-15 Degree Centrality NL NL NL KONINKLIJKE LUCHTVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ N.V. NL NL NL STMICROELECTRONICS N.V. NL NL NL LYONDELLBASELL INDUSTRIES N.V. NL NL NL HEINEKEN NV NL NL NL ARCADIS NV NL NL NL STICHTING BEDRIJFSTAKPENSIOENFONDS VOOR VLEES, VLEESWAREN,... NL NL NL CRUCELL N.V. NL NL NL UNILEVER NV NL NL NL NXP SEMICONDUCTORS N.V. NL NL NL CONSTELLIUM N.V. NL NL NL VERENIGING VAN NEDERLANDSE GEMEENTEN NL NL NL VERENIGING VNO-NCW NL NL NL SOCIETY FOR WORLDWIDE INTERBANK FINANCIAL TELECOMMUNICATION NL NL NL KONINKLIJKE DSM N.V. NL NL NL ASM INTERNATIONAL NV NL Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
16 Community detection Community: set of nodes connected more strongly with eachother than with the rest of the network Community detection algorithms: Divisive algorithms Hierarchical clustering Clique-based methods Modularity maximization algorithms Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
17 Appearing Communities per Resolution 1 Eastern Asia cluster 2 Baltic cluster 3 Former French colonies, Spanish/Portugese LatAm ties 4 Eastern Europe 5 UK/US ties with NL, financial world Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
18 Conclusions Network Science treats data as an annotated set of objects and relationships The structure of the network provides new insights in the data Centrality measures are able to identify prominent actors in the network solely based on its structure Community detection algorithms reveal relationships not visible as a result of traditional clustering algorithms Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
19 Thank You! Questions? Scientific Meeting UL/EPO January 9, / 19
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