V2X standardization and deployment: viewpoint of a system provider

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Transports, JNCT 2013 29 th May 2013 Lan LIN lan.lin@hitachi-eu.

1 V2X standardization and deployment: viewpoint of a system provider Les Journées Nationales des Communications dans les Transports, JNCT th May 2013 Lan LIN lan.lin@hitachi-eu.com, FRANCE All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

3 Background Intelligent Transport System (ITS) targets at: Road safety Traffic efficiency Environmental effects Comfort and mobility Modern society and industries are living some transformations: Connected lifestyle, even in the car Social networks Multimodal mobility Smart cities Cars will interact with their environment in many different ways New stakeholders in the value chain Approaching of consumer industries and automobile industries 3 3 All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

Fact sheet: Road safety The Commission s Road Safety Programme aiming at cutting road deaths in Europe between 2011 and 2020. Road Safety is a major societal issue.

4 Fact sheet: Road safety The Commission s Road Safety Programme aiming at cutting road deaths in Europe between 2011 and Road Safety is a major societal issue. In 2011, more than 30,000 people died on the roads of the European Union. For every death on Europe's roads there are an estimated 4 permanently disabling injuries. Source: European Commission 4 4 All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

5 Fact sheet: Vehicle connectivity Telematics: Telematics shipment is foreseen to reach 30 millions at 2017 in western Europe Aftermarket devices and OEM embedded/hybrid devices are having equivalent share. The penetration rate is estimated to reach more than 90% at the same time scale. Vehicle safety system: ADAS Overall Value World Market is increasing rapidly and the trend seems continue Connectivity based safety systems will be deployed in EU and in world wide: ecall directive in EU. ITS G5 technologies in EU/DSRC in USA/ITS spot services in Japan Vehicle and infrastructure integration: Infrastructure service provision based on I2V (Infrastructure to Vehicle) to further stimulate the penetration rate. ITS in smart cities, smart energy management. 5 5 All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

Communications for Traffic Safety and Efficiency, and for Automotive

applications/services Open platform Public Sectors Traffic Lights

Stations Traffic info Probe data C2I LTE 4G C2I C2I Service info Vehicle

6 VEHICLEs INFRAs What is C2X? Cooperative System by Car-to-Car and Car-to-Infrastructure Communications for Traffic Safety and Efficiency, and for Automotive Infotainment: Various communication media and protocols Multiple applications/services Open platform Public Sectors Traffic Lights Traffic Centers Road Signs Private Sectors Private Sectors Service Stations Traffic info Probe data C2I LTE 4G C2I C2I Service info Vehicle Status C2C Motorcycles Position Speed Cars Stereo cameras C2C: Car to Car C2I: Car to Infra 6 6 All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

7 Cooperative ITS (V2X) systems 5,875 5,905 (ITSG5A/ITSG5B) spectrum has been allocated in EU for road safety and traffic efficiency application. However, C-ITS may use other technologies such as cellular, WLAN. ITS G5 technologies: Quick media access low latency communication Ad hoc communication no infrastructure requirements Allocated spectrum for ITS communication reliability m communication range extended view for vehicle compared to RADAR, LIDAR ITS G5 is considered as main candidate for road safety applications by European C2C-CC V2V V2I deployment will stimulate the deployment and penetration rate. Source: ETSI C2C-CC: car to car communication consortium 7 7 All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

ITS station communication architecture Management Information Base (MIB) Cross-Interface Management Networking Management Station management SM-SAP Management ITS Station Reference Architecture

8 ITS station communication architecture Management Information Base (MIB) Cross-Interface Management Networking Management Station management SM-SAP Management ITS Station Reference Architecture MA-SAP MI-SAP MN-SAP MF-SAP MA-SAP MF-SAP MN-SAP MI-SAP ITS Network Station-External Interfaces Facilities Application Support NF-SAP Networking & Transport ITS Transport TCP/UDP Geo- Routing NF-SAP Other protocols IN-SAP IN-SAP IPv Mobility Extensions Access Technologies (PHY&DLL) e.g. 5.9GHz Road Safety Information Support e.g. WiFi Applications e.g. GPS Traffic Efficiency FA-SAP FA-SAP Other Applications Session Support Station-Internal Interfaces e.g. e.g. e.g. BlueTooth 2G/3G/... Ethernet SA-SAP SF-SAP SN-SAP SI-SAP SA-SAP SF-SAP SN-SAP SI-SAP Security SM-SAP Firewall and Intrusion Management Authentication, Authorization, Profile Management Security Information Base (Identity, CryptoKey and Certificate Managment) Hardware Security Module (HSM) ETSI TC ITS modular architecture, supporting Multiple applications Multiple communication protocol Multiple access technologies ITS vehicle station ITS road side station ITS central station ITS personal station Source: ETSI 8 8 All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

9 Pave the road for deployment Car makers in C2C-CC have signed a MoU for volunteer deployment from 2015 on. Deployment Security, certification (compliance assessment),legal framework. Application effectiveness evaluation, impact to real traffic, user acceptance Standard compliance, performance validation, system integration. Interoperability and harmonization Pre engineering & Certification Large scale FoTs and evaluation Prototype, test & validation Standard and international standards harmonization Minimum requirements. Strategic support. Day 1 applications ITS action plan& directive, spectrum, industrial consortiums, European standard mandate FOT: Field Operational Test 9 9 All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

10 Capability V2X applications V2X extends the view of radar based proactive or active safety. Technology agnostic But application requirements may result in specific choice of technologies: Reliability Communication coverage Latency Interoperability LBS Traffic info Traffic efficiency Road hazard signaling Collision avoidance Emergency braking Lane merging ITS G5 Cellular Source: ETSI Application All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

11 Deployment and penetration rate V2V based applications required a minimum penetration rate. C2C-CC estimates that 10% is required for V2V safety Critical for reaching critical mass in installed base Only 14 million vehicles sold / 250 million installed base Retrofit solution and/or smartphone based system may stimulate further the penetration rate Other factors: Infrastructure based applications Infotainment applications Penetration rate Factory installed V2X (15 years life cycle) Retrofit and smartphones V2X (5 year life cycle) Time All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

Standardization: essential part of ITS Standardizations (or amendment of current standards) is essential, with the regulation on spectrum usage.

12 Standardization: essential part of ITS Standardizations (or amendment of current standards) is essential, with the regulation on spectrum usage. Communication interoperability Communication protocol stack. Access (PHY MAC) Networking & transport Standardized message exchanges Message format, high layer protocol Modularity: To enable multiple implementation strategy. Layer base architecture and protocol design. Performance: Basic performance requirements: Data quality, information availability, congestion control etc. Compliance and testing Standardized test specifications are required. Certification and testing : Standard compliance testing Interoperability testing System performance compliance assessment Source: DRIVE C2X All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

15 Congestion control Certificate updates Communication management Signature/ Verification/encryption Management Main technical features and standards Periodical broadcasting vehicle position and basic sensor information up to 10Hz. Traffic event message Traffic light phase and timing information Road topology information Road signage information Service announcement Local dynamic maps database Position and time information HMI supports Vehicle CAN bus gateway Other high layer protocol (web service, SOAP, HTTP) Road Hazard signaling Collision avoidance Applications Location based Service, PoI Traffic information Facilities CAM/DENM SPAT/MAP/IVI SAM LDM Vehicle data provider Position& Time In vehicle signage Commercial services HMIS Web Service /SOAP Security Geo position based addressing and routing Legacy IP stack Transmission of IP over GeoNet BTP Transport & Networks TCP/UDP GeoNetworking IPv6 over GeoNet IPv6 Dynamic selection of communication profile Network and media congestion control Access ITS G5/11p GNSS 3G 11 b/g/n Certificates update with PKI Communication security mechanism IP security Source: ETSI All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

16 ICTL Introduction ICTL Information and Communication Technologies Laboratory 8 people, 7 researchers Sophia Antipolis FRANCE ICTL located side of ETSI, the EU Telecomm. Standard. Institute. ICTL Samsung and Intel recently opened R&D sites on Sophia as well Phase Exploration Maturation Research/Development Business Support Period Topics Wireless Communications, Ad Hoc Networks Vehicular Comms (C2X * ) ITS ** & Smart Mobility (e.g. eco-fev Pj) *C2X: Car to Any **ITS: Intelligent Transport Systems All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd. 16

C2X activities in EU 2005-2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014- Standardization Standard mandate 453 Technical Validation

Piloting Phase ICTL plays important roles in the C2X community ICTL in Standardization ICTL in EU/National FOT* Projects ETSI ITS

Committee Member SP1 (Pj Mngmt) SP2 (Specs): Leader SP3 (FOT) SP4 (Evaluation) SP5 (Promotion) FOT prototype *FOT: Field

17 C2X activities in EU Standardization Standard mandate 453 Technical Validation Standardization Profiling standards Technical Validation MoU * Press Release C2X Market R&D Phase EU/National FOTs * Phase Piloting Phase ICTL plays important roles in the C2X community ICTL in Standardization ICTL in EU/National FOT* Projects ETSI ITS Tech Committee WG1 (Application): Co-chair WG2 (Architecture) WG3 (Networking): Editor WG4 (Media) WG5 (Security) Steering Committee Member SP1 (Pj Mngmt) SP2 (Specs): Leader SP3 (FOT) SP4 (Evaluation) SP5 (Promotion) FOT prototype *FOT: Field Operational Test *ITS: Intelligent Transport Systems *MoU: Memorandum of Understanding ICTL roles All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd. 17

C2X Comm. Platform developed by ICTL in FOTs General scenario RSU C2I Comm. (Signal phase, etc.) C2X platform technologies to analyze surrounding info.

18 C2X Comm. Platform developed by ICTL in FOTs General scenario RSU C2I Comm. (Signal phase, etc.) C2X platform technologies to analyze surrounding info. in real-time OBU (On-Board Unit) Collision Risk Speed Advisory Applications Traffic Signal C2C Comm. (Vehicle info.) Approaching Car on left! Go w/ 40km/h T to Green: 8s C2X platform ECUs Local Dynamic Map (LDM) C2X Protocol Sensing C2X Info. CAN All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

C2X Technologies by ICTL ICTL Develops advanced functions of C2X

Network GBC TIC PHY/MAC * Area-based Multihop Broadcast Advanced

Spatially-stabilize NW usage Packet Vehicle Density Density Stable

PHY: Physical Layer MAC: Media Access Control TPC: Transmission

19 C2X Technologies by ICTL ICTL Develops advanced functions of C2X geonetworking protocol C2X Protocol Stack Applications Facility Network GBC TIC PHY/MAC * Area-based Multihop Broadcast Advanced Forwarding Protocols Transmission Interval Control (TIC) Spatially-stabilize NW usage Packet Vehicle Density Density Stable NW Usage NO Control (Hitachi) TIC TPC * Transmitting Distance(m) PHY: Physical Layer MAC: Media Access Control TPC: Transmission Power Control GBC: Geobroadcast All 19 Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

DRIVE C2X project overview: test sites Seven test sites: System test site: Helmond/Eindhoven, The Netherlands Functional test sites: Tampere, Finland, Yvelines, France,

20 DRIVE C2X project overview: test sites Seven test sites: System test site: Helmond/Eindhoven, The Netherlands Functional test sites: Tampere, Finland, Yvelines, France, Frankfurt, Germany, Brennero, Italy, Gothenburg, Sweden Vigo, Spain Supported by Collaboration partner All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

21 DRIVE C2X project overview: Use cases Safety Traffic Efficiency Infotainment and Business Traffic jam ahead warning Insurance and financial In vehicle signage/ Speed limit (BSA: Traffic condition warning) services * Roadworks warning Green light optimized speed advise (BSA: Traffic light optimal speed advisory) Dealer management* Car breakdown warning Point of interest notification Approaching emergency Fleet management* vehicle (BSA: Emerg. vehicle warning) Weather warning Emergency electronic brake lights Slow vehicle warning (BSA: slow vehicle indication) Post-crash warning (BSA: Stationary vehicle-accident) Obstacle warning Wrong way driving in gas stations Motorcycle warning (BSA: Motorcycle approaching indication) Transparent leasing* Use cases in green are listed in ETSI BSA. Safety applications are under standardization * currently pending All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

UMTS IPv4/v6 Central ITS Station (Backend System) Roadside ITS Station (Traffic Light, Sensors) UMTS IPv4/v6 CAM/DENM/SPAT/TOPO IEEE 802.11p IEEE 802.

22 DRIVE C2X Architecture Reference systems developed in DRIVE C2X : VIS ( Vehicle ITS station) integrated with in vehicle network. RIS (Road ITS station) interfaced with road side sensors and equipment's. CIS (Center ITS station): including management center, test center, and DRIVE C2X PKI. UMTS IPv4/v6 Central ITS Station (Backend System) Roadside ITS Station (Traffic Light, Sensors) UMTS IPv4/v6 CAM/DENM/SPAT/TOPO IEEE p IEEE p CAM/DENM Vehicle ITS Station Vehicle ITS Station Hitachi is the provider of V2X platform reference system for DRIVE C2X and for SCORE@F. The V2X platform is validated in ETSI plug test All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

Usage of C2X technologies in eco-fev* EU Smart Mobility Project for EV-infrastructure cooperation Period September 2012 May 2015 Partners Hitachi (ICTL is

23 Usage of C2X technologies in eco-fev* EU Smart Mobility Project for EV-infrastructure cooperation Period September 2012 May 2015 Partners Hitachi (ICTL is Coordinator), Renault, Fiat + 10 organizations Goals To develop a standardized platform To exploit infrastructures info for advanced EV cloud services Road IT Infra. Traffic Status Automotive Cloud C2X & other Avail- ability EVs EV Charging Stations Original Route Traffic Jam Service example Destination New Optimal Route EV status * eco-fev: Efficient Cooperative Infrastructure for Fully Electric Vehicles All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd. 23

Aim of eco-fev project Current Issues Smart Mobility City is

But each infrastructure is working separately.

between multiple infrastructures for more organic ITS services

24 Aim of eco-fev project Current Issues Smart Mobility City is realized through the coordination of different infras. But each infrastructure is working separately. Project Aim To define a platform to enable information exchanges between multiple infrastructures for more organic ITS services for EV EV: Electric Vehicle All Rights Reserved, Copyright 2000~2013 Hitachi Europe Ltd.

DRIVE-C2X presentation Interoperability challenges

DRIVE-C2X presentation Interoperability challenges Interoperability for cooperative mobility systems TNO, Helmond, 17 November 2011 Francois FISCHER, Andreas FESTAG on behalf of DRIVE-C2X Contents DRIVE