Hur kan förbättrad ramp metering minska köerna i Södra Länken?
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1 Hur kan förbättrad ramp metering minska köerna i Södra Länken? Athina Tympakianaki imobility Lab , CTR-dagen
2 Motivation Motorway congestion infrastructure capacity travel delay traffic safety environmental pollution Control measures FOTO: TOMAS ONEBORG/SVD/TT Ramp metering (direct impact on density congestion) Link control (Variable Speed Limits, congestion warnings, etc.) Route guidance (VMS, etc.) Mainstream traffic control (mainline metering, work zones, bridges, etc.)
3 Ramp metering Why ramp metering? Where? Metering strategies Congestion covering on- and off-ramps Incident response Safer merging Localized bottlenecks Downstream bottlenecks Random-location bottlenecks Local: fixed-times, responsive strategies (e.g. ALINEA) Coordinated: multiple bottlenecks, restricted storage space Objective: Maximize throughput Minimize travel delays
4 Tunnel closures: Södra Länken Tunnel closures Tunnel length: 4.7 km Duration of tunnel closure Designed to serve 60-70k veh/day Demand: 90k-100k veh/day
5 Previous research Closure Metering Combinations of metering and closures Effective control strategy depends on underlying causes of congestion Metering is the most promising strategy
6 Bottleneck analysis Congestion patterns: Södra Länken - weaving bottlenecks (2014, 2017) Essingeleden bottlenecks and weaving bottlenecks (2014) Direction of flow Tunnel exit Tunnel entrance MCS speeds, counts (April 2014, October 2017) Morning peak: 5 10 am
7 Study objectives Identify suitable metering strategies to alleviate congestion Critical bottlenecks Critical ramps where metering is feasible and beneficial Adequate metering strategies, and their requirements Implementation and evaluation through traffic simulation
8 Control methods Metering strategies: Fixed-time: historical traffic measurements (demand) Responsive strategies: real-time measurements (occupancy, density) o ALINEA (Papageorgiou et al., 1991) qq iiii qq cccccc qq iiii rr qq cccccc dd No control dd Metering
9 Study network N Essingeleden (E4) 77 Origin-Destination pairs 57 segments Nacka 800 veh/h 500 veh/h 2000 veh/h E4 Tunnel Microscopic simulation - TransModeler veh/h 1300 veh/h (800 veh/h)
10 Results No control Scenario 1: Silver tunnel E5 Skraddar E4 Hammarby E2 One-car-per-green metering at entrance 5 (Silver) (6:00 8:00 am): o Cycle 4 sec, rate: 900 veh/h o Cycle 6 sec, rate: 600 veh/h o Cycle 7 sec, rate: 500 veh/h Scenario 2: Metering at entrance 5 (Silver) (6:00 8:00 am): rate 500 veh/h Metering at entrance 1 (Sickla) (7:00 7:30 am): rate 900 veh/h
11 Results Metering Scenario 1: Metering entrances 5 Scenario 2: Metering entrances Silver tunnel E6 Silver tunnel E5 Skraddar E4 Hammarby E2
12 Results Metering Scenario 1: Metering entrances 5 Entrance 4 - Skräddar Flow (veh/h) 1 800, , , , ,0 800,0 600,0 400,0 200,0 0,0 No control Silver tunnel E6 Silver tunnel E6 Control Speed (km/h) 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 No control Control Time (hh:mm) Time (hh:mm)
13 Results Metering Scenario 1: Metering entrances 5 Upstream entrance 5 mainstream Flow (veh/h) Silver tunnel E6 Silver tunnel E Speed (km/h) 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 Time (hh:mm) Time (hh:mm) No control Control No control Control
14 Results Metering Scenario 1: Metering entrances 5 Downstream entrance 4 mainstream Flow (veh/h) Silver tunnel E6 Silver tunnel E6 Speed (km/h) 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 Time (hh:mm) Time (hh:mm) No control Control No control Control
15 Results Travel time Travel times are for select OD pair ( 6 km) Destination Tunnel exit Origin OD average travel time (min) :00 06:15 06:30 06:45 07:00 07:15 07:30 07:45 08:00 08:15 08:30 08:45 No control Control - Scenario 1 Control - Scenario 2
16 Conclusions Metering helps mitigate congestion and reduce travel times Control is critical for some on-ramps Control strategy that considers distant bottlenecks
17 Future work Sensitivity analysis for different o Demand levels o Metering activation time o Combination of metered on-ramps Integration of different traffic management strategies Extended ALINEA (PI-controller) for distant bottlenecks Impact of metering on local network drivers routing behavior
18 Thank you!
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