Analysis of EMS Outages
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1 Analysis of EMS Outages Venkat Tirupati, LCRA, Supervisor EMS SW & Advanced Applications NERC 3 rd Annual Monitoring and Situational Awareness Conference September 29-30, 2015
2 Agenda Introduction Common themes with examples Contributing and Root Cases Analysis of EMS outage restorations Q & A 2
3 Introduction Energy Management Systems (EMS) are extremely reliable EMS Outages increase the risk to the reliability of the grid 240 EMS events reported since Oct, entities reported an EMS outage Several noticeable themes 3
4 EMS related Event Counts 100 Number of Events reported Number of Events Oct Sep 2011 Oct Sep 2012 Oct Sep 2013 Oct Sep 2014 Oct Sep
5 Event Category 2b - Complete loss of SCADA, control or monitoring functionality for 30 minutes or more will retire on Dec 31 st, h - Loss of monitoring or control, at a control center, such that it significantly affects the entity s ability to make operating decisions for 30 continuous minutes or more Examples include, but are not limited to the following: I. Loss of operator ability to remotely monitor, control Bulk Electric System (BES) elements, or both II. Loss of communications from SCADA RTUs III. Unavailability of ICCP links reducing BES visibility IV. Loss of the ability to remotely monitor and control generating units via AGC V. Unacceptable State Estimator or Contingency Analysis solutions 5
6 Common Themes for EMS Outages 6
7 Common Themes for Outages Unacceptable State Estimator and Contingency Analysis solutions Software bugs o State Estimator/Contingency Analysis code o ICCP code o AGC code o Initialization routines Telemetry Issues o Bad data o ICCP failures o RTU failures Modeling of network o Not up-to-date o Inadequate o Topology errors 7
8 Common Themes for Outages Unacceptable State Estimator and Contingency Analysis solutions Human Performance Error o Set tuning parameters o Turn off automatic SE/CA runs o Alarm for failed SE/CA runs Things we all could do better.. Develop dedicated in-house expertise in Real Time Tools Equip support engineers with better tools for diagnosis & procedures Remote access for support engineers Knowledge transfer from vendor Utilize non-prod systems for Real Time tools validation Of course change management, testing etc. 8
9 Common Themes for Outages Similar to the previous years.. Software failures Facilities maintenance Configuration External Vendor or Contractor Hardware failure Failover Testing 9
10 EMS Category - Counts FY 2015 FY 2014 Network Infrastructure Facilities EMS Software - Vendor Software - Network Model Software - Human Perf. Software - Ex Vendor Software - C/I/M Hardware Number of Events 10
11 Restoration Time Trend Restoration Time in Minutes Minutes FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY
12 Category Mean Restoration Time FY 2015 FY 2014 Network Infrastructure Facilities Software - Vendor Software - Network Model Software - Human Perf. Software - Ex Vendor Software - C/I/M Hardware Time in Minutes 12
13 Characteristics of EMS Outages Events Scheduled Maintenance Activity? Yes No % FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY Percentage of Scheduled maintenance events 13
14 Characteristics of EMS Outages CIP Related Activity % Yes No 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY
15 Time of the day :00-2: :00-4: :00-6: :00-8: :00-10: :00-12: :00-14: :00-16: :00-18: :00-20: :00-22: :00-24:00 During Maintenance Unforeseen 15
16 NERC/Regions Cause Codes 16
17 Root Causes 17
18 Contributing Causes 18
19 Cause Factors 19
20 Cause Factors 20
21 Cause Factors 21
22 Cause Factors 22
23 Cause Factors 23
24 Things we are doing well.. Communicating with neighbors and RC Decision making processes to man substations Increased vigilance during outages, partial monitoring from neighbors and RC Improved causal analysis of events Improved Event Analysis report quality Voluntary reporting, helping everyone get better 24
25 Things we all can improve.. Change management particularly job scoping Use of EMS test systems such as QA/QC, DEV etc. Network infrastructure testing Routine failover testing Vendor relationship Communication Internal/External Training 25
26 Contact Information: 26
Analysis of EMS Outages
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