Disaster Recovery Managing the Receiving End of International Aid. Cape Town, 27 July 2006

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1 Disaster Recovery Managing the Receiving End of International Aid Cape Town, 27 July 2006

2 UN General Assembly Resolution 46/182 Emergency Relief Coordinator - ERC Inter-Agency Standing Committee - IASC Consolidated Appeal Process - CAP Central Emergency Revolving Fund CERF (recently reformed)

3 OCHA s Mission Mobilise and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors.

4 OCHA s Mandate Response coordination Policy development Humanitarian Advocacy Information management

5 Inter-Agency Standing Committee Facilitate inter-agency decision-making to ensure coordinated and effective humanitarian response on the ground. Broad based membership (UN humanitarian agencies, IOM, World Bank, NGOs, and the Red Cross Movement.

6 UN Resident Coordinator (RC) Appointed by the UN Secretary-General. Plays a critical role in coordinating the policies, programmes and actions of the UN system. Accountable to the USG/ERC for the facilitation of the international humanitarian response to the crisis.

7 Human rights law; Normative Framework Principles guiding humanitarian action are found in the following legal instruments: International humanitarian law; Refugee law.

8 Codes of conduct, Sphere, ALNAP. Normative Framework Some initiatives have been underway to establish quality and accountability standards and develop humanitarian targets :

Tenets of International Natural Disaster Response All international assistance is in support of national authorities - on request The UN General Assembly has

9 Tenets of International Natural Disaster Response All international assistance is in support of national authorities - on request The UN General Assembly has mandated the Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) to coordinate international response. The UN Resident Coordinator reports to the ERC during disaster response

10 Response tools available to OCHA 24 hours Duty system Situation reports Donor Meetings Appeals ReliefWeb Emergency Cash Grants Environmental Emergency Section ( VS) UNDAC INSARAG and International USAR OSOCC Virtual OSOCC Standby Partners staff Humanitarian Warehouse Military & Civil Defense Assets (MM) Surge Capacity ( DZ)

11 Surge Capacity OCHA Regional Office and Headquarters may deploy staff members during the initial phase of an emergency to: Help set up response coordination structures; Support assessments; Issue situation reports; Prepare a (flash) appeal.

UNDAC For sudden on-set disasters, stand-by capacity available worldwide, deployment in (12-24 hours) On-site coordination in first phase of disaster, essential in international

12 UNDAC For sudden on-set disasters, stand-by capacity available worldwide, deployment in (12-24 hours) On-site coordination in first phase of disaster, essential in international earthquake response Coordination/Assessment/Processing information Deployed for approx. 3-4 weeks In support of national authorities and UN Resident Coordinator Free of cost to recipient country

13 The UNDAC System - Staff: - Deployment: - Equipment: - Methodology: Experienced emergency managers made available for UNDAC missions by their respective governments/organizations. Standard practiced procedures Mission use immediately available Ensure standardized methodology by training in coordination, assessment and information management. The UNDAC Handbook.

14 176 Active members from 48 Countries and 9 international humanitarian organizations plus trained OCHA Staff Americas Argentina, Barbados Belize, Bermuda Brazil, British Virgin Is. Canada, Colombia Costa Rica, Dominican Rep. Ecuador, El Salvador Guatemala, Nicaragua Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat Paraguay, Peru, USA, Turks and Caicos Is., Venezuela Int. Humanitarian Org. IFRC, UNDP, WHO, WFP, UNEP, UNICEF, HABITAT, ILO, ECHO Asia Pacific Australia, China Cook Islands Fiji, Japan Korea, India Iran, Mongolia Nepal, New Zealand Philippines, PNG Samoa, Singapore Solomon Islands Europe - Africa Tonga, Vanuatu Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Zambia, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa

15 147 UNDAC Missions since 1993 in 74 countries

16 INSARAG Established in 1991 under UN umbrella Global network of stakeholders of disaster response Aim to define standards for international Urban Search and Rescue assistance

17 Collapsed Structures Natural Manmade

18 INSARAG Legal Framework GA Resolution 57/150 of 16 Dec 2002 on Strengthening the Effectiveness and Coordination of International Urban Search and Rescue Assistance in 2002 Endorsed INSARAG Guidelines as international standard Reaffirmed OCHA as the INSARAG Secretariat INSARAG Guidelines Coordination methodology Standardised USAR classification criteria Defines responsibilities of responding and affected countries and OCHA

19 INSARAG Guidelines Guidance for international USAR response and preparedness The following phases are covered Preparedness Activation Operation Reassignment/stand-down Return to home base Defines responsibilities of affected and responding countries and OCHA

20 INSARAG Guidelines USAR TEAM CLASSIFICATION USAR teams classified into: Light (10-20 membersrescue or medical). Not recommended for international deployment Medium (30-60 staff, equipped & trained, upto 30 tons eqpt, cant sustain 24 hrs operations ) Heavy ( staff, tons eqpt, capable of full 24-hour operations)

21 Iran earthquake Bam, 26 Dec 2003

22 OSOCC The OSOCC is established by the UNDAC Team in close cooperation with the local emergency management authorities (LEMA) International USAR teams strengthen the OSOCC and take active part in the planning of the USAR operation during earthquakes An OSOCC is not a command centre

Activities taking place in an OSOCC Coordination with National Govt authorities Platform for General and Cluster Coordination meetings Coordination

23 Activities taking place in an OSOCC Coordination with National Govt authorities Platform for General and Cluster Coordination meetings Coordination of Needs Assessments USAR coordination Information display, maps, telecomn facilities Briefing of newly arrived entities Press information and briefing

24 The OSOCC in Muzaffarabad

25 Bam, Iran - The OSOCC and international responders camp

26 Bam earthquake -International Response 34 USAR teams from 27 countries in 2 days. 13 International field hospitals (with 560 doctors & nurses) Approx 1600 international staff in Bam from 44 countries UNDAC team for coordination UN Flash Appeal for $ 31.5 million Assistance in cash or kind provided by 60 countries including $ 400 million pledged by UAE

27 Iran Earthquake Bam Dec 2003 Overview of USAR Teams and international responders

28 Civil-Military Coordination Section (CMCS) Support for Natural Disaster and Complex Emergency response Operational Civil-Military Coordination Phased deployment of CMCoord Officers Development of Expert Roster UN CMCoord Training Exercises Guidance, Planning, and Tools

29 Military & Civil Defense Assets (MCDA) MCDA comprises relief personnel, equipment, supplies and services provided by foreign military and civil defence organizations for International Disaster Relief Assistance (IDRA, enumerated in paragraph 61 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949).

30 Potential Benefits for the Humanitarian Community Access to extensive logistics capability Airlift, sealift, overland transportation Medical assistance, supplies, and technical capabilities Communications assets Protection Manpower

31 Environmental Emergencies Service BACKGROUND: - integration of humanitarian and environmental assistance - joint venture between OCHA and UNEP for almost 15 years ROLE: - mobilization and coordination of assistance in response to environmental emergencies and natural disasters with environmental consequences

32 United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot Provision of life-saving support to victims of disasters or emergencies. Facilitate the provision of emergency relief by actors of the international humanitarian community Advanced storage of essential, non-food, nonmedical, emergency relief goods (approx. 20 types of goods in stock) Free-of-charge donations to the field

33 The UNHRD: Partners to the UNHRD: WFP (manager + stocks) OCHA, WHO World Vision (WVI) InterSOS Started operations in August 2000 (before that: Pisa Warehouse, ) Since 2000: 1,400 tons of relief items shipped to 71 destinations (31 countries) total value: 9 m US$

34 Other IASC Response Coordination Tools UN Joint Logistic Center UN Humanitarian Air Service

35 Other Assessment and Coordination Teams/Mechanisms in the field IFRC FACT USA/Canada DART WFP FITTEST DFID/ERT EU DAC UNDP TRT EADRCC UNICEF EMOPS HCR ERT

36 Emergency Cash Grants Made available by UN General Assembly At the discretion of ERC Up to $ 100, 000 per disaster For immediate response to disasters Individual UN agencies also have standby emergency funds

37 Consolidated Appeal Process A tool for structuring a coordinated response: Strategic planning (common plan), Resource mobilisation, Coordinated implementation, Joint monitoring and evaluation.

38 Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) Standby fund to enable more timely and reliable humanitarian assistance Up to US $500 million: a grant facility of up to US $450 million a loan facility of US $50 million

39 Information Tools and Services Reliefweb a key source of information on natural disasters and complex emergencies for a wide range of users IRIN a humanitarian news network providing information through text and radio services and provision of photos, films and reports. SAHIMS

40 OCHA Website Full information on response tools is available on: (in Tools and Services section)

41 Lessons Learnt A number of studies provide syntheses of key lessons learned from relief responses and recovery programmes following recent disasters.

42 Lessons Learnt (ALNAP) (Provention Consortium) (Reliefweb) (Overseas Development Institute) (ODI s Humanitarian Practice Network)

43 Issues affecting coordination and delivery of assistance Responsibility of National Governments Capacity of National Governments Legal protection for disaster victims

44 Issues affecting coordination and delivery of assistance Simultaneous Phases of Response Varying Levels and Locations of Coordination Unfavourable physical conditions

45 Issues affecting coordination and delivery of assistance Overwhelming Influx of Mutual and International Assistance International Assistance Provided Bilaterally Role of the Media

46 Issues affecting coordination and delivery of assistance Numbers and Uneven Standards of International Responders Involvement of the corporate sector Collaboration with the military

47 The Way Forward Accumulation of abovementioned factors significantly influence coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance. Disaster response preparedness is of the utmost importance in order to address this under the Hyogo Framework for Action.

48 Disaster Response Preparedness Structural / organisational preparedness Information Preparedness Preparedness Planning

This is UNDAC United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination

This is UNDAC United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination The United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) system is a part of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs