Environment, Energy Security, and Sustainability Symposium and Exhibition (E2S2)

Transcription

1 Environment, Energy Security, and Sustainability Symposium and Exhibition (E2S2) Heidi Anne Kaltenhauser Optimizing Building Performance through Integrated Design June 17,

2 CTC is an independent, nonprofit, applied scientific research and development professional services organization. National Defense Center for Energy and Environment (NDCEE) Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment) Residential Communities Initiative (RCI) Contractors Fort Campbell Fort Knox Schofield Barracks Fort Drum Environmental Security and Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Fort Campbell RCI 2

3 Building Optimization Tools Integrated Design: A collaborative design process that assists with the optimization of interconnecting relationships to produce a high-performance and cost-effective building. Source: Whole Building Design Guide Energy Modeling: Predicts energy consumption using computer simulation based on thermal characteristics, size and orientation of the building, occupation and operation patterns, and local climate. Life Cycle Costs Analysis: Calculates the cost of acquiring and owning a product or system over its entire life cycle from cradle to grave. For building projects, it allows the owner to look beyond first costs to include long term operating and maintenance costs. 3

4 Presentation Overview Integrated Design Drivers and Benefits Comparison with conventional design process Key elements and process Case studies: Ft. Drum Energy Modeling Technology overview Use to optimize design Case studies: Ft. Campbell Life Cycle Cost Analysis Description Drivers Case studies: Ft. Campbell 4

5 Drivers and Benefits Federal Requirements Energy Policy Act (EPAct 2005) Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA 2007) Executive Order Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Memorandum State Requirements Client requirements 5

6 Continual Communication Systems Conventional Integrated Design Site Systems Sequential Structure Use Design decisions based on budget and schedule Site Use Collaborative Structure Design decisions based on final performance Track Progress 6

7 Elements of Integrated Design Interactive approach through all project phases Input from all Stakeholders planning design use construction operation maintenance Provides mechanism for understanding issues and concerns of all parties Design with life cycle impacts in mind costs, resource requirements, environmental 7

8 ID Process 1. Create interactive, multidiscipline team 2. Set performance goals 3. Conduct Design Charrette 4. Evaluate building performance 5. Commission/Continual performance evaluation 8

9 Integrated Design Case Study Fort Drum Net Zero Hybrid Energy Building Building Design and Performance Goals Workshop April 2010 This work was funded through the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment) and conducted under contract W74V8H-04-D-0005 Task 0561 A1. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision unless so designated by other official documentation. 9

10 Workshop Details Purpose? Establish decision-making process and complementary design principles that will satisfy the goals of all stakeholders while achieving overall project objectives. Attendees? Building Owner/Occupant: Ft Drum Technology Expert/Provider: Enertia Construction Manager: EVC Project Manager/Tech Support: NDCEE 10

11 Workshop Outcome Roles and responsibilities Project objectives/goals/priorities Success metrics Schedule and budget Summary of integrated strategies/technologies for further investigation LEED energy checklist 11

12 Workshop Agenda Organizations: Roles and Responsibilities Technology Overview Project Vision and Goals Project Approach Design Requirements Project Design Strategies and Assessment Overview Summarize Work Accomplished Determine Next Steps 12

13 Vision Statement Fort Drum s new Wildlife Permit Office Building will be a functional, comfortable, attractive building for citizens and employees to conduct business, as well as a showcase structure that meets LEED requirements. The project will prove that a natural ventilation buffer zone, thermal mass, and active occupant participation can be combined to reduce energy usage sufficiently, even in the harsh environment at Ft. Drum, to allow on-site renewable energy systems to meet the energy demand. The building will be a model for future building standards, at both Ft. Drum and the Army, providing a costeffective method of reducing energy usage and meeting energy security needs. 13

14 Project Goals and Next Steps Goals Comfortable in all seasons/temperatures Meet budget requirements Net zero energy: 95%-110% No compromise in building function Showcase building Next Steps Evaluate identified constraints Continue energy modeling Further investigate proposed integrated strategies/technologies 14

15 Energy Modeling Energy Modeling: A computer-based tool that simulates a building's Energy Modeling: energy A computer-based usage to assist tool that with simulates optimization a building's of energy usage to assist with optimization of building design and allow building design and allow investment strategies to be investment strategies to be prioritized prioritized 15

16 Technology Overview Predicts energy consumption using computer simulation. The software evaluates the following building characteristics: Size and orientation Local climate Thermal characteristics How the building is occupied and operated Many programs have an economic interface also 16

17 Modeling Input Weather Data 8760 hours: hour by hour per year Building Envelope walls, roofs, fenestration, partitions Internal Gains lights, people, plug loads Schedules equipment, ventilation, occupancy Equipment and System Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, controls strategies Plants Heating, cooling Economics utility rates, life cycle costs, inflation rates, interest rates, depreciation, taxes 17

18 Energy Modeling Case Study Fort Campbell Zero Energy Housing (ZEH) for Military Installations ESTCP Project Design Phase Summer Fall 2009 This work was funded through the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment) and conducted under contract W74V8H-04-D-0005 Task The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision unless so designated by other official documentation. 18

19 Design Approach: Energy Modeling Integration Establish Approach and Methods Delineate Constraints Establish Baseline Model Establish Initial Energy Efficiency Design Modeling of Charrette Technologies Final Design 19

20 Modeling Results 20

21 Design Lessons Learned Up front energy modeling beneficial to assess alternatives Iterative energy modeling during design is useful to assess effect of changes There s no substitute for having all parties engaged: designers, maintainers, constructors, vendors, users Occupant behavior has large and growing impact on success 21

22 Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Applied to Building Projects Conventional construction limited to initial or first costs associated with land acquisition, building design, construction costs LCCA expands analysis scope Operational Maintenance eventual disposal costs of a building long-term effort that requires the cooperation and knowledge of multiple stakeholders Driver for change: the need to accurately measure investments in energy-saving equipment and strategies 22

23 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Case Study Fort Campbell Zero Energy Housing for Military Installations Construction and Monitoring Phase Fall 2009 Summer 2012 This work was funded through the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment) and conducted under contract W74V8H-04-D-0005 Task The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision unless so designated by other official documentation. 23

24 Data Collection Approach Based on the National Institute of Building Sciences building LCCA method Established Relevant Cost Categories Established Cost Items, Descriptions and Data Collection Procedures and Sources for each cost category Obtained buy-in from procurement and construction supervisor Developed data collection training Collect data from procurement, construction, metering and maintenance records Challenges Collecting and segregating costs Economies of scale Identifying all cost impacts 24

25 Investment Related Costs Relevant Costs To Be Captured Technology and Equipment Construction Materials Construction Labor Construction Oversight Labor Excluded Cost Items and Rationale Investment Cost Category Rationale Financing Outside of analysis scope Land acquisition Sunk cost Community infrastructure Sunk cost Design Sunk cost House replacement Outside of analysis period Residual Property reverts to military at lease end 25

26 Operation Related Costs Relevant Costs To Be Captured Operation, Repair, and Maintenance Operation Related Utilities Other identified during demonstration 26

27 Example - Investment Related Costs Technology and Equipment Description: A major strategy for ZEH is the inclusion of energy efficient technologies and equipment. Procedure: Document procurement costs; interviews with vendors and Actus Lend Lease procurement personnel will be used to determine how to normalize the ZEH costs to the baseline Data Sources: Actus Lend Lease, technology/equipment vendors, and research on price fluctuations due to increased market share due to acceptability or technical maturation. 27

28 Technology/Equipment Cost Items Technology/ Baseline ZEH Equipment Heating system Air source heat pump GSHP b (4.0 COP c ) (HSPF a ) Cooling system 14 SEER d GSHP (18 SEER) Water heater Electric element storage tank (energy factor of 0.92) Utility provided Solar thermal preheat collector with storage tank and back-up electric element (energy factor of >1) Roof-mounted photovoltaic system Utility provided back-up Electricity production Appliances Some energy star Identified high efficiency Power supply None Controlled power strips control Bath fan controls None Timer switches a Heating Seasonal Performance Factor b Ground Source Heat Pump c Coefficient of Performance d Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating 28

29 Optimizing Building Performance through Integrated Design Requires: Cooperation and knowledge of all stakeholders System analysis approach Collaboration Multiple tools Focus on final performance 29

30 Department of Defense Intelligence Community Concurrent Technologies Corporation Non-Defense Federal Agencies State and Local Governments Civil-Military Industrial Organizations Universities, National Laboratories, & Research Centers National Centers for Excellence Name: Heidi Anne Kaltenhauser Organization: CTC/NDCEE Phone Number: (502) Foundations, Associations, & Consortia 30