Architecting the Future Grid: Device Interoperability

Transcription

1 Architecting the Future Grid: Device Interoperability IIC/NIST IIoT Energy Forum February 2018 Chris Greer Director NIST Smart Grid & Cyber Physical Systems Program 1

2 NIST Smart Grid Program team Dhananjay Anand Michael Bartock Hasnae Bilil Paul Boynton Martin Burns Steven Bushby Gerald FitzPatrick Hamid Gharavi Allen Goldstein Avi Gopstein David Griffith Nelson Hastings Al Hefner David Holmberg Anand Kandaswamy Joshua Kneifel Kang Lee Ya-Shian Li-Baboud Jeffrey Marron Thomas Nelson Cuong Nguyen Cheyney O Fallon Farhad Omar Eric Simmon Eugene Song David Su Chris Villarreal Randy Wedin David Wollman Wei Yu 2

3 NIST s Mission To promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life 3

4 Measurements are critical to commerce to innovation If you know how to measure something, you can design it, compare it, understand it, and improve it and to international trade Up to 92% of U.S. exports affected by standards/technical regulations Uniformity in the currency, weights, and measures of the United States is an object of great importance, and will, I am persuaded, be duly attended to. George Washington, State of the Union Address, 1790 NIST Illustrated, NIST measurement science provides the foundation for innovation in every industry and economic sector, from manufacturing to health care to defense 4

5 Energy Independence and Security Act NIST has primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems 5

6 Interoperability Frameworks to date Smart Grid Conceptual Model: Identified 7 domains, providing context for the roles of individual actors Underscored the role of communications in smart grid complexity 6

7 A break for context why are we doing this? Source (all): IEA 2017, Digitalization & Energy 7

8 Grid architectures are complex Today s Electrical Grid Communications Pathways for Advanced Bulk Power Generation Source: NYISO 2017 One-way electricity flow Limited actors, limited equipment Even so, distribution and edge operations spread across multiple domains Source: NIST, unpublished 8

9 Source: NIST, unpublished Grid architectures are changing Tomorrow s Electrical Grid Communications Pathways for High-DER Grid Architecture Source: NYISO 2017 Two-way powerflow Shared communications pathways Diversified assets Diversified ownership 9

10 Advanced Bulk High-DER Resilient Grid Microgrids Urban Converged Systems NIST perspective Grid architectures are changing Driven by technology and policy Changes will impact Operations Economics Cybersecurity Testing & Certification No single architecture is correct Architectures as use cases NIST are not architects Frameworks are lenses to view and understand the implications of system architectures and choices 10

11 Uncertainty is a dominant challenge Grid is highly distributed and complex Increasing diversity of device, resource, and control Uncertainty is growing Growing numbers and increasing dynamics of variables lessen the likelihood of well-behaved, predictable system Legacy models and tools incapable of addressing the growing uncertainty Smart Grid Domain Model (Source: NIST) Progress needed across multiple dimensions New grid physics Networked measurements Diversified applications Expanding customer-base 11

12 Integration uncertainty is a limiting factor Input disturbances + Process noise PV array + Inverter Volt-Var Control Measurement Uncertainty Estimator Sensor In order to ensure traceability of the system level metrics, we need to combine measurement uncertainty with all the other widely disparate sources of uncertainty. Load models Solar irradiance model PV Array and Impedance model MPP Tracking and DC boost algorithm 3Phase inverter bridge model Nodal admittance and circuit model 12

13 NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Testbed Gaithersburg, MD Building 220, Basement Electrical Flow Timing and Synchronization Time-stamping and location for devices on the grid Cyber Security Develop / evaluate requirements to keep the grid secure Microgrid Power Simulates the power generation on the microgrid Microgrid Communication and Control Controls the operation of the microgrid Smart Storage Electric vehicle and residential batteries Smart Sensors Situational Awareness-- smart sensors that tell operators what s happening on the grid Smart Meters Watthour meters that communicate with the grid Network and Communication Simulates networks and protocols used to communicate among sensors, substations and other grid components NIST Cyber- Physical Systems Testbed Platform for cross-sector research in the integration of networks, physical systems, and analytics Other NIST and External Testbeds Sharing of resources, models, and data to allow flexibility and scalability, and enable more complex investigations Rooms A29-31 Room A27 Rooms A23-25 Room A21 Rooms A13-19 Rooms A13-19 Rooms A13-19 Rooms A45-65 NIST and External Communication/Data Flow

14 Architecture Driven Cybersecurity Risk Profiles Functions, Categories, and Subcategories of the Cybersecurity Framework Summary of Subcategory Priorities by Mission Objective 14

15 More than just standards There are many standards Recommended model for smart grid product testing flow Large focus on distribution system, where IoT technology is particularly relevant Most smart grid standards lack performance and certification requirements NIST is working with industry to develop processes to address smart grid T&C gaps 15

16 For More Information Web Site: Contact: 16