ERROR CONTROL CODING FOR B3G/4G WIRELESS SYSTEMS

Transcription

1 ERROR CONTROL CODING FOR B3G/4G WIRELESS SYSTEMS PAVING THE WAY TO IMT-ADVANCED STANDARDS Edited by Dr. Thierry Lestable SAGEMCOM, France (formerly with Samsung Electronics) Dr. Moshe Ran H.I.T - Holon Institute of Technology, Israel WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication

2 About the Editors Contributors Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations xi xiii xv xvii xix 1 Coding 1 (Gerhard Bauch, Claude Berrou, David Declercq, Alexandre Graell 1 Amat, Youssouf Ould-Cheikh-Mouhamedou, Yannick Saouter, Jossy Sayir, and Marcos B.S. Tavares) 1.1 General Code Types Designing Codes Based on Graphs Pseudorandom Designs Pseudorandom Designs for Turbo Codes Structured Designs Code Optimization Repeat Accumulate Codes Binary versus Nonbinary Performance Results of Nonbinary LDPC Codes Small Codeword Lengths High-Order Modulations Brief Presentation of NB-LDPC Decoders Three-Dimensional (3D) Turbo Codes The Encoding Structure Code Optimization Decoding the 3D Turbo Code Simulation Results Conclusions 45 References 46

3 Vlll Decoding 49 (Moshe Ran, Carlos De Segovia, and Omer Ran) 2.1 Algebraic Soft-Decision (ASD) and Reliability-Based Decoders Reliability-Based Soft-Decision Decoding Adaptive Iterative Soft-Decision Decoders for Short Packet Lengths Algebraic Soft-Decision and Reed-Solomon Codes Graph versus Trellis Decoding Algorithms BP-Based Algorithms BCJR-Based Algorithms 64 References 65 Incremental Redundancy for Coding 69 (Stefania Sesia and Charly Poulliat) 3.1 Introduction Retransmission Protocols (ARQ) Stop-and-Wait ARQ Protocol Go-Back-N ARQ Protocol Selective Repeat (SR) ARQ Protocol Summary and Challenges HARQ Schemes Type I HARQ Type II HARQ Comparison in Terms of Buffer Requirements Design of Hybrid ARQ Type II Mathematical System Model Throughput Analysis Code Design Rate-Compatible Punctured (RCP) Convolutional Codes Rate-Compatible Punctured Turbo Codes Fountain and Raptor Codes Low-Density Parity-Check Codes Generalization of the Mutual Information Evolution for Incremental Redundancy Protocols Complexity for Iterative Decoding Schemes in the Context of Incremental Redundancy Protocols ARQ/HARQ in the Standards Retransmission Protocols in 3GPP Standard Retransmission Protocols in Non-3GPP Standard Conclusions 107 References 107

4 4 Architecture and Hardware Requirements 113 (Frank Kienle) 4.1 Turbo Decoder Implementation Interleaver and Deinterleaver Serial Turbo Decoding Parallel and Shuffled Turbo Decoding Turbo Decoding with Parallel Component Decoder MAP Decoder Branch Metric Calculation State and Path Metrics Duobinary Codes Quantization Normalization Implementation Results 4.2 LDPC Decoder Architectures References Generic Architecture Template Two-Phase Architecture Two-Phase Architecture with PN Branch Single-Phase Architecture Layered Architecture Other Architecture Concepts Considering Throughput and Latency Considering VLSI Complexity Considering Communications Performance The LDPC Code Decoder Design Space Architecture Parallelism Traveling the Design Space Implementation Issues FPGA Implementation ASIC Implementation Power and Energy Issues Design Studies Turbo-Principle Extensions 189 (Isabelle Siaud, Ming Jiang, Anne-Marie Ulmer-Moll, Maryline Helard, Thierry Lestable, and Carlos De Segovia) 5.1 Introduction From Turbo Code to Advanced Iterative Receivers From Turbo Code to Turbo Equalization Turbo-Equalization Principle Turbo Equalization Applied to Iterative Receiver 196

5 5.3 Turbo-Based Interleaving Techniques General Principles of the Algorithm Mathematical Description Performance as Inner Interleaving to Turbo-FEC Structure Performance as Outer Binary Interleaving Performance as Dynamic Subcarrier Mapping Allocation Turbo-MIMO Techniques Introduction System Overview Genetically Inspired Optimization Turbo MIMO-OFDM Receiver using GA-Aided Iterative Channel Estimation Simulation Results Conclusions 236 References 237 Standardization 241 (Marie-Helene Hamon, Thierry Lestable, and Isabelle Siaud) 6.1 3GPP Systems: UMTS and LTE IEEE /WiMAX IEEE In Satellite (DVB-RCS, DVB-S2) Wireless Rural Area Network: The IEEE standard [IEEE802_22] FEC Coding Outing Interleaving Others 254 References 254 Index 257