Workshop on Open Source Hardware Development Tools and RISC-V
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1 Workshop on Open Source Hardware Development Tools and RISC-V MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman August 24, 2017 MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
2 Agenda 1 Open Source Tools History of Free and Open Source Software Open Source Softwares Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development Demo: Open-Source Tools for Lattice FPGA Development Lab1: Working with Open Source Hardware Development Tools 2 Working with Chisel and RISC-V Why we need new hardware description language? What is functional programming? Scala and Chisel short intro Chisel Demo: Full Adder Lab2: Working with Chisel RISC-V Intro RISC-V Standard Base ISA Details RISC-V Demo Lab3: RISC-V Lab MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
3 History of Open Source Tools In early 1970 UNIX operating system was developed by Kenneth Thompson (Berkeley), Dennis Ritchie (Harvard) in AT&T Bell Labs UNIX came with no cost for researchers BUT no permission for redistribution was given Under UNIX terms, you were not even allowed to distribute a modified version of UNIX! MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
4 History of Open Source Tools In 1984 Richard Stallmans Free Software Foundation (FSF) began the GNU project The objective was to create a free version of UNIX operating system namely GNU operating system MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
5 History of Open Source Tools In 1984 Richard Stallmans Free Software Foundation (FSF) began the GNU project The objective was to create a free version of UNIX operating system namely GNU operating system By free, he meant a software that can be freely used, read, modified, and redistributed MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
6 History of Open Source Tools GNU Project is the base of many tools that we currently use! Some of the GNU tools that you might have heard of: GCC: GNU Compiler Collection which is a suite of compilers for several programming languages GDB: GNU DeBugger GNU Binutils: A suite of tools including linker, assembler and other tools And a lot more: Autoconf, Make, Bison... MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
7 History of Open Source Tools By 1991, the only missing part for GNU Project to be a full operating system was the kernel In 1991, Linus Torvalds, began working on an operating system kernel His Kernel was able to be combined with FSF components to produce a usable operating system He named this combination Linux MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
8 History of Open Source Tools The name Linux is confused by many to be an operating system Yet, Linux is only the kernel Many use the term Gnu/Linux to point out that Linux is only the kernel and it needs GNU tool chain to be a fully usable MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
9 History of Open Source Tools Nowadays, all big companies such as Google, Microsoft, Facebook and many more are promoting their users to use their Open Source products MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
10 History of Open Source Tools As an example, currently, Google has 1055 repositories on Github some of which you use everyday! MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
11 Open Source Softwares Free Software was defined by FSF and it is often confused with programs whose executables are given away at no charge The other miss understanding is that the term Open Source is often replaced with Free Software and vice-versa Any Free Software, by definition, is an Open Source where the opposite may not be valid Distributing a program under the name of Free Software adds more moral aspects to your program MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
12 Open Source Softwares So What is an Open Source software? MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
13 Open Source Softwares According to OpenSource.org, an Open Source software has the following criteria: The user must be free to redistribute it The source code must be available The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software The full list of criteria can be found here: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
14 Open Source Softwares Benefits of using Open Source tools: Customizability Auditability Cost Security Hidden costs of using Open Source tools: Long learning curve Semi-restrictive Licenses MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
15 Open Source Softwares Read more about Open Source and Free Software: Project MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
16 Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development Unfortunately, there is not much interest in Open Source tools for Hardware Development: CAD companies like Cadence and Synopsys do not promote using open source tools for hardware development Almost all CAD tools used by silicon vendors are proprietary and requires expensive license agreement Researches around the world use proprietary tools which require expensive license agreement Sharing source code and releasing tools as open source is not a common practice at all MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
17 Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development BUT, there is hope! MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
18 Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development There are open source solutions for FPGA and ASIC development. MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
19 Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development Icarus Verilog: Icarus Verilog is a Verilog simulation and synthesis tool It is developed and maintained by Stephen Williams Aimed to generate code by back-end tools (for example chisel) It does not fully support Systemverilog It is an open source tool under GPL Project page: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
20 Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development Veripool: Veripool was established in 1998 as a repository of the authors ASIC and electrical engineering tools A collection of open source tools for ASIC development for example: Verilator is the fast Verilog to C/C++/SystemC compiler Full list: It is an open source project licensed under GPL Project page: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
21 Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development GTKWave: A fully featured GTK+ based wave viewer It is published as a free software Project page: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
22 Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development Chisel: Constructing Hardware in a Scala Embedded Language Chisel is an open source hardware construction language developed at UC Berkeley Project page: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
23 Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development MyHDL: MyHDL is a free, open source package for using Python as a hardware description and verification language MyHDL converts design to Verilog or VHDL Project page: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
24 Open Source Softwares for Hardware Development Tools developed by Clifford Wolf: YOSYS: A framework for RTL synthesis tools Project IceStorm: Lattice ice40 FPGAs Bitstream Documentation (Reverse Engineered) riscv-formal: RISC-V Formal Verification Framework Projects page: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
25 Demo: Open-Source Tools for Lattice FPGA Development In this demo, I will go through synthesis and implementation of a simple design on a Lattice FPGA MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
26 Lab1: Working with Open Source Hardware Development Tools Follow instructions here MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
27 Why we need new hardware description language? Existing HDLs (Verilog/VHDL) are too low-level and closed source Depending on tool vendor, new HDLs such as Systemverilog and Bluespec have different language support Simulation languages such as SystemC are too far from synthesis Bluespec is closed source but high-level High Level Synthesis (HLSs) are ineffective for many domains Chisel have solved these problems MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
28 Chisel is open source! Chisel source code is freely available and anyone can contribute to the project: Researchers are highly recommended to contribute to the project. Chisel has a Google user group, Join! MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
29 Chisel is embedded in the Scala programming language Traditional HDLs, do not use the most user friendly syntax. They also lack many advanced features that are currently adopted by many advanced languages such as object oriented, abstract data types, functional construction and etc... MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
30 Ability to choose different back-ends With a single Chisel source code, you can choose the back-end for implementation The generated code from chisel is compatible to be used by any standard ASIC or FPGA tools MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
31 Chisel features A full list of Chisel features can be found here: Learn more on why to learn Chisel: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
32 Chisel Pre-requisites Unfortunately, Chisel has long learning curve and previous to learn Chisel, users need to know the following technologies: Object Oriented Programming: Inheritance, Abstract classes, Interfaces, Parameterization and Polymorphism Functional Programming: Higher-order functions, Recursion, Currying etc. Ability to design and understand RTL in any HDL MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
33 Chisel Pre-requisites Usually, people with hardware design experience lack knowledge in Functional and Object Oriented Programming. The following are a good source for learning these pre-requisite: For Scala you can take this online course on Coursera: For Object Oriented Programming, you take any advanced programming course. This one is in Farsi: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
34 What is functional programming? What is functional programming? In functional programming, programs are executed by evaluating expressions, in contrast with imperative programming where programs are composed of statements which change global state when executed. Functions are first class citizens (like any variable in other type of programming languages) This means that you can pass and return functions. This is called Higher Order Functions in Functional programming There are other features that defines Functional Programming. For now we only rely on above features MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
35 Scala and Chisel short intro he following slides are copied from Chisel Bootcamp which can be found here: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
36 Scala Bindings MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
37 Scala Iteration MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
38 Scala Functions MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
39 Scala Functional MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
40 Scala Object Oriented MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
41 Scala Singleton Objects MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
42 Scala, Things You Should Know Refer to the following wiki to know what you need to know from Scala before working with Chisel: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
43 Chisel VS Scala Chisel is a Scala library Do not use var unless you are professional Chisel user and you are working on Chisel source code! Complete list can be found here: Chisel-land MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
44 Using Constructional Blocks There are three constructional blocks that are frequently used in Chisel: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
45 Algebraic Graph Construction MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
46 Creating Module MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
47 Connecting Module MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
48 Defining Construction Functions MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
49 Functional Construction MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
50 Using Registers MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
51 Unconditional Register Update MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
52 Conditional Register Update MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
53 Chisel Cheat Sheet You can find chisel cheat sheet here: MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
54 Chisel Demo: Full Adder Let s Design a Full adder in Chisel! The following code is in Chisel2, not compatible with docker image. MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
55 Lab2: Working with Chisel Follow instructions here MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
56 RISC-V intro At Berkeley, in 2010, after many years and many projects using MIPS, SPARC, and x86 as basis of research, it was time to look at ISA for next set of projects Obvious choices: x86 and ARM x86 is too complex and ARM has lots of IP issues (story time!) MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
57 Some of RISC-V platinum members RISC-V has attracted many companies MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
58 Who are the key people working on this project? MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
59 Intel x86 AAA Instruction ASCII Adjust after Addition AL register is default source and des/na/on If the low nibble is >9 decimal, or the auxiliary carry flag AF = 1, then Add 6 to low nibble of AL and discard overflow Increment high byte of AL Set CF and AF Else CF = AF = 0 Single byte instruction Totally useless! MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
60 What is RISC-V? A new free and open ISA developed at UC Berkeley starting in 2010 (ParLab and ASPIRE) It is a FREE ISA (as in free software) Designed for research education commercial use MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
61 Whats Different about RISC-V? Simple Far smaller than other commercial ISAs Clean-slate design Clear separation between user and privileged ISA Avoids micro architecture or technology-dependent features A modular ISA Small standard base ISA Multiple standard extensions Stable Base and standard extensions are frozen Additions via optional extensions, not new versions MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
62 Whats Different about RISC-V? RISC-V has reduced IP licensing much simpler. As an example, on SiFive website, you can buy an IP based on RISC-V in a matter of minutes! The process is much longer and much more expensive if other ISAs (x86 or ARM) is chosen MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
63 RISC-V is NOT an Open-Source Processor! RISC-V is an ISA specification Want to encourage both open-source and proprietary implementations of the RISC-V ISA specification Most of cost of hardware design is software, so make sure software can be reused across many chip designs Expand to have open specifications for whole platforms, including I/O and accelerators MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
64 RISC-V Standard Base ISA Details 32-bit fixed-width, naturally aligned instructions 31 integer registers x1-x31, plus x0 zero register rd/rs1/rs2 in fixed location, no implicit registers Immediate field (instr[31]) always sign-extended Floating-point adds f0-f31 registers plus FP CSR, also fused mul-add four-register format MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
65 ARMv8 ISA VS RISC-V ISA Copied from risc-v workshop 2 MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
66 RISC-V is not a toy! In fact risc-v is now commercially available! MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
67 Where to start? You can start by reading RISC-V ISA: Then, you start studying simple implementations: riscv-mini is highly recommended You can then read other implementations. Just search for risc-v on Github! Here are a few: RocketChip project PulPino picorv32 and many more, just search! MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
68 RISC-V is great for research RISC-V is a great option for research The ISA is free to use and open There are upcoming courses based on risc-v The new Paterson Book is on RISC-V MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
69 RISC-V Demo Booting Linux On RISC-V on ZYBO MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
70 Lab3: RISC-V Lab Follow instructions here MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
71 The End MohammadHossein AskariHemmat Workshop on RISC-V August 24, / 71
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