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1 Contents About this Guide Information for Students... Be Revise-Wise How to Use this Guide to Do Well in Your Exams... Revision Checklist Data and Quality of Data Encoding and Storing Data Validation and Verification Data Logging and Control Systems Control Systems in Everyday Life Web and Presentation Software Compression Techniques Web Software Browsing Creating Websites RGB Colour and Advantages/Disadvantages of Web Pages Presentation Software Tools and Techniques Multimedia Current Developments and Multimedia Components Page 2 of Multimedia Software Digital Imaging Vector and Bitmap Graphics Manipulating Still Images Animation Animation Processes Tools and Techniques Sound and Music Hardware and Software Networks Network Topologies Network Services Human-Computer Interfaces (HCIs) Operating Systems Types of User Interface Organisations Banking Page 1 of 82 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

2 Thank You for Choosing ZigZag Education About this Guide Information for Students This Revise and Test Guide has been written by a teacher who is delivering your particular ICT course and contains all of the information you need to do well in your exam. This guide has been designed in a way that makes it easier for your brain to absorb the information needed: Each page contains a Revise It section which provides short, bite-sized chunks of information that your brain should find easy to swallow. Bullet points and tables are used throughout to summarise the key points. Where possible, all kinds of diagrams are included so that you can learn in an interesting, visual way. Pictures are used throughout to make it easier to digest all of the information. A handy revision checklist is included so you can measure your own progress whilst preparing for the exam. Key word finder and revision map activities will help you to summarise each topic. The guide has also been developed in a way to make it easier for you to test yourself: At the bottom of each page, you will find a Test It section with key questions. When you do the questions on each page, you should cover up the Revise It section to see what you know. You can check whether you are right by looking at the answers at the back. Be Revise-Wise How to Use this Guide to Do Well in Your Exams Page 4 of Read the Revise It on each page for a short amount of time. 5. If the answers are not right, repeat the cycle. 2. Summarise the Revise It section using the Key Word Finder and Revision Map. 4. Check your answers are correct at the back.. Cover up the Revise It section and do the Test It questions. Page of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

3 2 Data Logging and Control Systems Key Word Finder Find the following key words in this chapter and write your own definition of each in the boxes. PIR Robot Simulation Actuator Revision Map Page 11 of 88 Page 10 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

4 8. Explain the function of a hyperlink. (1 mark) Page 19 of 88 Page 18 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

5 6 Multimedia Key Word Finder Find the following key words in this chapter and write your own definition of each in the boxes. MIDI Graphics Tablet Embedded Backing Storage Revision Map Add more stems to this revision map to note down what you learn in this chapter. Hardware Page 27 of 88 Multimedia Software Developments Page 26 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

6 7.1 Vector and Bitmap Graphics Revise it There are two types of digital imaging known as bitmap and vector graphics. Which one is used will depend on factors such as file size and image quality. o Bitmap graphics are made up of lots of pixels and stores information about each individual pixel (dot of light) in the image. o Vector graphics store information about geometrical objects or instructions for drawing shapes not the image itself. Vector stores images Vector graphics have the following advantages over bitmap graphics: using geometrics. o The memory size is smaller vector graphics are much smaller files than bitmaps. o It is easier to transform or change vector graphics. Even if you resize vector graphics to make them larger on-screen, there will be no loss of quality. o They have quicker upload and download times because they are smaller files. Both image types can be resized, which has the benefit that images can be made larger or smaller to fit your purpose. The downside is that bitmap graphics lose quality if they are enlarged. The number of pixels on a bitmap is measured in pixels per inch/cm. Different types of background can be added to images. A transparent (clear or glass ) background requires the smallest amount of memory. The next best thing is a plain white background. Colour backgrounds require the highest amount of memory. Images can be saved in several file formats, which each have their own advantages/disadvantages: Format Use Advantages/Disadvantages BMP Stands for BitMaP. Saves the image as a group of pixels. Used in drawings in programs like Paint. This creates a good quality image, but file sizes can be very large which increases upload/download times. JPEG GIF TIFF EPS Page of 88 Stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. Used for putting images on the Internet. Stands for Graphics Interchange Format. Can be used to create small, basic web animations. Tagged Image File Format. Originally made for scanners. Encapsulated Postscript. Used to convert text and vector art. This file type compresses images, which makes their file sizes smaller. This is ideal for uploading/downloading, but this reduces image quality. GIF uses fewer colours than JPEG or BMP, so these are not suitable for photographs. Their small size, however, makes them ideal for Internet use. TIFF is a type of bitmap image gives a larger file size, but it gives a very good image quality. Includes a small thumbnail preview when working with lots of files, but the technology is not commonly used. Test it Page 2 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

7 19. Explain why the JPEG file format is used commonly on the Internet. ( marks) 20. Describe the difference between bitmap and vector graphics and describe the memory requirements of each. (4 marks) Page 4 of 88 Page of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

8 10 Networks Key Word Finder Find the following key words in this chapter and write your own definition of each in the boxes. LAN WAN Intranet Extranet Revision Map Page 46 of 88 Page 45 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

9 4. State four features of a GUI user interface. (4 marks) 5. Explain what is meant by multitasking facilities. (2 marks) Page 54 of 88 Page 5 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

10 Test it 42. Give two input devices used in payroll systems. (2 marks) 4. Give three fields used in a mail handling database. ( marks) Page 64 of 88 Page 6 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

11 12.6 Data Protection Methods Revise it A lot of personal and important information can be stored using networks. It is necessary to use data protection methods to make sure that all data is kept safe and secure. There are four methods of data protection you need to know: Physical protection Backup copies of all data can be made in case the original is lost or destroyed. Data can be sent to another computer via the Internet automatically. Monitoring Transaction logs will store information about everything that has happened on a system. This deters people from committing computer crimes. Restricted physical access Biometric scans of retinas or fingerprints can be used to stop people gaining unauthorised access to rooms containing computers with important data. Restricted access to data A hierarchy of passwords or access rights makes sure that employees can only change things which are vital to their job. Only managers will be able to see and change everything. Encryption scrambles data going over the Internet. If it gets stolen, thieves cannot understand encrypted data. Page 68 of 88 Using access rights people can do different tasks depending on their username. Some people can only read data whilst others can write data. When planning backups, the following is important: medium (type of storage), frequency (how often it takes place) and role (who does the backup). Test it Page 67 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

12 52. Explain what is meant by teleworking. ( marks) 5. Explain one advantage of teleworking to the company. (2 marks) Page 74 of 88 Page 7 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

13 54. Explain how homeworking benefits the environment. (2 marks) 55. Give two recyclable items which may appear on an environmental policy. (2 marks) Page 76 of 88 Page 75 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit

14 Commerce A new type of barcode which can be read by mobile phone cameras has been created. These barcodes can be printed in magazine adverts or on posters. When you take a photo of them, the barcode automatically delivers a URL to your mobile phone browser where you can read more. Advantage: Commercial businesses on the high street can use advertising in magazines to quickly provide a potential customer with more information there is no need to remember a URL. Disadvantage: Not everyone can afford the required smartphone, so these barcodes will not be used by everyone. Test it 60. Describe an emerging technology in a commercial context and provide an advantage and disadvantage of this technology. (4 marks) Page 84 of 88 Page 8 of 5 WJEC ICT Revision Guide Unit