VisualAdrian. User Guide

Transcription

1 VisualAdrian User Guide

2 VisualAdrian User Guide NOTICE The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by ABB. ABB assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. In no event shall ABB be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages of any nature or kind arising from the use of this document, nor shall ABB be liable for incidental or consequential damages arising from use of any software or hardware described in this document. This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written permission from ABB, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party nor used for any unauthorized purpose. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such license. TRADEMARKS Microsoft, Windows, Excel and Visio are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. COPYRIGHT Copyright ABB Limited. All Rights Reserved. Document: VisualAdrian User Guide Revision: 1.1 Published: September 2012 Software: VisualAdrian Version: SUPPORT INFORMATION This program is developed, maintained and supported by PEL Support Services, ABB. We run a Hotline telephone and service to answer any queries about VisualAdrian. Please let us have any suggestions on how you feel we could improve VisualAdrian. You can contact us by any of the following routes: By Telephone: By Fax: +44 (0) (0) By Post: PEL Support Services ABB Limited. Daresbury Park By pel.support@gb.abb.com Daresbury Warrington Cheshire WA4 4BT United Kingdom. ii

3 Contents Preface... 1 About this guide... 1 Who should read this guide... 1 What is in this guide... 1 How this guide is structured... 1 Conventions... 2 Chapter 1 Introduction... 3 Introduction to VisualAdrian... 3 VisualAdrian network definition... 4 VisualAdrian calculation assumptions... 4 Overview of PEL... 5 Programs for fluid flow... 5 Chapter 2 Getting started... 7 Starting VisualAdrian... 7 Starting VisualAdrian with a Visio drawing file... 7 Quitting VisualAdrian... 7 User interface... 8 Accessing VisualAdrian features in Visio Editor (data entry) dialogs... 9 Standard calculator dialogs User assistance Online help Online documentation PEL Support Services Chapter 3 VisualAdrian Quick Tour Chapter 4 VisualAdrian basics Calculation overview Loading a CAD drawing Loading a drawing as a template Showing or hiding the CAD drawing layer Creating a VisualAdrian piping diagram Removing fittings from your diagram Entering and editing data fields Entering data fields Converting units and values Saving your VisualAdrian diagram Chapter 5 Running a calculation Entering inlet conditions Entering data for pipes and fittings Entering data for all the sections in a pipe Entering data for an individual pipe straight Entering data for an enlargement or contraction iii

4 VisualAdrian User Guide Entering data for an bend Entering data for a relief valve Entering data for a bursting disc Entering data for an fitting Entering data for a pressure drop Changing the pipe name and flow Changing the flow direction Entering data for junctions and outlets Entering data for junctions Entering data for outlets Running the calculation and viewing the results Viewing detailed results Viewing a graph of the results Calculating pressure drops for a relief value Saving and printing your results Printing results Saving results Generating VisualAdrian reports Chapter 6 Standard calculators PPDS calculator Saving the current stream Pipe inner diameter calculator Pipe roughness calculator K-value calculator Adding tee junctions Adding bends Adding valves Adding expansions/contractions Adding User Defined (Process Equipment) items Chapter 7 VisualAdrian options Describing the model Changing units Creating your own set of units Changing decimal places Changing default values Quick reference Glossary Index iv

5 Preface About this guide Welcome to VisualAdrian, the calculation tool for pressure relief. One of a suite of fluid flow programs for process engineers, VisualAdrian calculates flows and pressures for high velocity, compressible gases allowing the capacity of relief streams and sizing of associated equipment to be assessed. This guide is designed to assist you in becoming quickly familiar with the capabilities of VisualAdrian, its interface and how the program is used. Who should read this guide This guide is written for users of VisualAdrian to help you take full advantage of its calculation tools. If you are new to this product, we recommend that you first read The 60 Second Guide to VisualAdrian. The guide assumes you are familiar with the Windows operating system. If you are new to Windows, you can find help, tutorials and support information by clicking Start > Help and Support. What is in this guide The guide contains descriptions and step-by-step instructions for all the tasks involved in using VisualAdrian. How this guide is structured The chapters are organised as follows: 1. Introduction Introduces the product, outlining the database. 2. Getting started Shows how to start VisualAdrian, introducing the user interface for the application. 3. VisualAdrian Quick Tour Tutorial for a typical session using VisualAdrian, emphasising the commonly used features. 4. VisualAdrian basics Describes the overall process for running a calculation, shows how to create a basic piping diagram and how to enter data. 5. Running a calculation Shows how to enter data and calculate results for your piping diagram in VisualAdrian. 6. Standard Calculators Describes the standard PEL piping calculators. 1

6 VisualAdrian User Guide 7. VisualAdrian options Describes the various option settings in VisualAdrian. The guide also includes a quick reference section and a glossary. Conventions The following typographical conventions are used in this guide: Convention Bold Italic Monospace Monospace oblique Description To help with procedures, items that you click, select, or view may appear with the bold format (buttons, options, and window titles, for example). Proper names (software products, for example) and titles appear in the italic format. Represents any text that appears on the computer screen or text that you should type. It is also used for filenames, functions, and examples. Represents variable text where you would type in a specific value. > The chevron indicates a menu option in a procedure. For example, click File > Open, means on the File menu, click Open. 2

7 Chapter 1 Introduction Introduction to VisualAdrian Pressure relief is a vital part of safe process design, and assessing the capacity of relief streams and sizing associated equipment is an important part of this. VisualAdrian calculates flows and pressures for high velocity, compressible gases letting you: Model flow in a single pipe or a network of pipes; Predict precisely where choking occurs; Model a system in which different gases mix at different locations; Consider adiabatic & isothermal conditions; Calculate the flow through a variety of pipe sizes & fittings such as bends, relief valves, bursting discs; Summarise key results to see rapidly in detail what is happening within any pipe. The piping system is drawn with Microsoft Visio using a specially designed template for inserting fittings into pipes in the correct orientation. There are purpose-built forms for adding the process data with full units conversion, Physical Property calculators, pipe inner diameter calculators, and roughness calculators. Changes in diameter and roughness are propagated up and down the pipe where appropriate. Results are displayed in an easy-to-read format highlighting any chokes that occur with a calculator for determining pressure drops upstream and downstream of a relief valve. Tailor-made reports are generated using Microsoft Word giving a complete record of the calculation input and output specific to your own requirements. 3

8 VisualAdrian User Guide VisualAdrian network definition A VisualAdrian network consists of nodes and pipes. Nodes are points where pipes begin or end, including inlets to and outlets from the network, and any junctions and vessels within the network. Pipes are composed of sections such as straights, bends, enlargements and contractions. In the VisualAdrian stencil, the node types are in general represented by yellow shapes, with the section types represented by red circles. As you add various different shapes to the drawing grid, straight sections appear as the connecting lines between them. VisualAdrian calculation assumptions The following assumptions are made in VisualAdrian calculations: 1) The fluid is assumed to be a single phase gas if this is not the case then consider using VisualPiper. 2) The flow is assumed to be one of the following: Adiabatic meaning without external heating or cooling. In this case you must provide the value of the isentropic exponent k and the specific heat capacity. Isothermal in which case the specific heat capacity is taken as infinite and k should be set to unity. 3) The effect of any change in level is assumed to be negligible this is usually true for the flow of gases. 4) It is assumed that no shaft work is performed. 5) The flow is assumed to be turbulent so Reynolds numbers should be greater than 2100 which is only the start of the transitional region. If at the solution any pipes have Reynolds numbers lower than this, warning messages are produced as the correlations used in the model are invalid. 6) The pipes are assumed to be of circular cross section. If this is not the case, care must be exercised between using the hydraulic mean diameter and the diameter corresponding to the flow area. The correct result will NOT be obtained by arbitrarily providing one of these values to the program. For advice contact PEL Support Services. 4

9 Chapter 1 Introduction Overview of PEL 7) For a given composition, it is assumed that the enthalpy is a function of temperature alone and that the specific heat capacity, compressibility, isentropic exponent and viscosity are constant. Where streams of different composition mix at a junction, the compressibility, isentropic exponent and viscosity of the outlet streams are calculated approximately as weighted averages across the inlet streams. PEL is a collection of tools to enable process engineers to carry out their day-to-day tasks more quickly and reliably. The software includes purpose built programs to generate datasheets, perform engineering calculations of liquid and / or gas flow, investigate physical properties and create fault tree diagrams. Designed by engineers for engineers, the tools are intuitive and easy to use. They can be used to work out every day calculations, for troubleshooting issues such as bottlenecks, or when making plant modifications. This low cost solution will enable engineers to design processes more quickly and reliably with up-to-date and permanently available design data. Benefits Allows engineers to be more efficient and productive. With fewer manual calculations to do, tasks are carried out quicker; Improves QA and standardises procedures, through everyone using same set of data and calculations; Human errors in calculations are reduced; Improves production as bottlenecks can be identified quickly so a solution can be sought; Allows operators to get the best out of their existing assets by carrying out modifications rather than designing new ones. Programs for fluid flow VisualAdrian is one of a suite of fluid flow applications built on the drawing functionality of Microsoft Visio. Together with the calculations provided by PEW, these Visual applications allow you to quickly and reliably calculate the correct size of every part of pipelines, equipment and pressure relief systems. 5

10 VisualAdrian User Guide VisualFlonet for fluid flow in networks VisualFlonet calculates the flows and pressure drops throughout your gas or liquid network. VisualAdrian for pressure relief VisualAdrian calculates flows and pressures for high velocity, compressible gases allowing the capacity of relief streams and sizing of associated equipment to be assessed. VisualPiper for two-phase fluid flow VisualPiper calculates the pressure change or flowrate of a liquid, two-phase mixture, or gas through an unbranched closed conduit system. PEW PEW is a collection of validated chemical engineering calculations relating to fluid flow, heat transfer, mixing, and vessel calibration. 6

11 Chapter 2 Getting started This chapter shows you how to start VisualAdrian and introduces the user interface for the application. Starting VisualAdrian The most common way of starting VisualAdrian is from the Windows Start menu, but you can also run it from a desktop shortcut. VisualAdrian uses Microsoft Visio as a drawing tool to create a diagram of your piping network. To start VisualAdrian from the Start menu: Click Start > All Programs > PEL > VisualAdrian. If using the classic Start menu or earlier versions of Windows, click Start > Programs... The application launches Microsoft Visio using the VisualAdrian template. Starting VisualAdrian with a Visio drawing file Once you have saved your piping network diagram as a Visio drawing file, you can start VisualAdrian by double-clicking the drawing file in Windows Explorer, or in the most recent versions of Windows from the Documents Library. To start VisualAdrian with a Visio drawing file: Double-click your Visio drawing file in Windows Explorer or your Documents Library. Note In more recent versions of Windows if you point at VisualAdrian in the Start menu, you can select your drawing file from the list of recent files. You can also open a recent file from the File menu in Visio. Quitting VisualAdrian To quit VisualAdrian: 1) Do one of: On the File menu, click Exit. Click the Close (X) button. If you haven't saved any data on the current drawing, a message asks if you want to save your changes. 2) Click Save. 7

12 VisualAdrian User Guide User interface Once you have started VisualAdrian and Microsoft Visio has opened, you see the following, or similar, user interface. As VisualAdrian is installed as an Add-In for Microsoft Visio, the look of the user interface will depend on which version of Visio is installed on your computer. This is how it looks in Visio 2007 (or earlier). The following main features are apparent: Menu bar. The standard Microsoft Visio menu contains an added menu for VisualAdrian. Tool bar. Under the Visio toolbar (or toolbars) you see an added toolbar containing buttons for accessing the VisualAdrian tools. Move the mouse pointer over a button to see its name. Shapes window. This standard Microsoft Visio feature shows the loaded VisualAdrian stencil, which contains the various shapes you can drag onto the drawing page. Visio drawing page. The main area of the screen contains your piping networkdiagram. You can view this either as a floating window or maximised (as shown above). 8

13 Chapter 2 Getting started Accessing VisualAdrian features in Visio 2010 If you have Microsoft Office Visio 2010 installed on your computer, this uses the ribbon interface introduced for most of the other Office applications in Microsoft Office VisualAdrian opens Visio with an extra Add-Ins tab on the ribbon. This contains the VisualAdrian menu and the VisualAdrian toolbar. The functions are the same whether accessed from the ribbon or from the menu and toolbar. Editor (data entry) dialogs The various editor dialogs let you add or change the modelling data for your piping networkdiagram. The dialogs are called up by right-clicking the component shapes or the connecting pipes and clicking the command on the context menu. The topological data (that is the various vessels, pipes, and fittings) are automatically picked up from the Visio diagram. You use the forms to enter physical data, such as pipe lengths, and conditions, such as temperature and pressures. Many of the dialogs let you enter values for all the vessels, pipes, and fittings on your diagram: other dialogs let you enter or change values for a single component. These are called either by the Edit command on the right-click context menu or by doubleclicking the component. 9

14 VisualAdrian User Guide Standard calculator dialogs Secondary to the editor dialogs are a number of standard piping calculator dialogs. These are standard tools provided in all the PEL programs to complete various piping parameters. The dialogs are generally called by right-clicking the field that will contain the value in the editor dialog. The editor dialogs for individual components have one or more buttons for calling the calculator next to the appropriate field. The calculator then returns a single resultant value to the field. User assistance There are standard calculators for pipe inner diameters, pipe roughness and for calculating the fittings loss (k-value). VisualAdrian has the following forms of user assistance: Online help Online documentation PEL Support Services Online help VisualAdrian has an integrated online help system, which provides clear reference information and step-by-step instructions for tasks. This is an online help version of this guide. To open the help system: On the VisualAdrian menu, click Help User Guide. The help opens in a separate window. 10

15 Chapter 2 Getting started Online documentation Documentation is provided for PEL products on the website. The documents are provided as PDF files for you to download and print. These include: 60 second guides Online user guides PEL Support Services This program is developed, maintained and supported by PEL Support Services, ABB. We run a Hotline telephone and service to answer any queries about VisualAdrian. Please let us have any suggestions on how you feel we could improve VisualAdrian. You can contact us by any of the following routes: By Telephone: +44 (0) By Fax: +44 (0) By By Post: pel.support@gb.abb.com PEL Support Services ABB Limited. Daresbury Park Daresbury Warrington Cheshire WA4 4BT United Kingdom. 11

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17 Chapter 3 VisualAdrian Quick Tour This short self-paced tutorial will show you how easy and quick VisualAdrian is to use. A relief valve has been sized to relieve toluene (in the worst case) from a vessel and we are going to check that the pressure drops upstream & downstream of the relief valve are acceptable according to the guidelines recommended by ABB Consulting i.e. that the upstream pressure drop is <3% of the Set Pressure and the downstream pressure is <10% of the Set Pressure. Inlet contraction is abrupt. Set Pressure = 10 barg 2m 2m Vessel contains Toluene. Pipes upstream of Relief Valve = 2½" Schedule m Pipes downstream of Relief Valve = 3½" Schedule m Vessel Design Pressure 10 barg All pipes are mild steel with moderate rust Bursting disc has no vacuum support. Bend is 90 with r/d=1. Starting Visual Adrian 1) Click Start > All Programs > PEL > VisualAdrian. Click Enable Macros and the VisualAdrian splash screen appears briefly on the screen. The first thing we need to do is add the Vessel. 2) Drag the Vessel shape onto the bottom of the drawing. Now we need to add the fittings as shown in the diagram opposite. 3) Drag the Bursting Disc onto the drawing vertically above the Vessel. The two are automatically connected by a Straight fitting. 4) Repeat to add a Relief Valve, add a Bend across to the right, and then finally add an Exit above the bend at the top of the drawing. You can use the Visio Align Shapes commands to arrange the shapes on the drawing. After a little practice, your drawing should look something like the one opposite so now is a good time to save it. 13

18 VisualAdrian User Guide 5) Click the Save button on the Visio toolbar and save the data in VisualAdrian.vsd in your My Documents folder. Next we need to add the process data. Let s start with the Vessel. 6) Double-click the Vessel to open the Vessel Editor. 7) Select Abrupt for the contraction type, define the Inlet Flow as 2.2 kg/s and define the inlet pressure as 11 barg (i.e. the Set Pressure + 10% overpressure). The pressure is converted into bar. We can use the Physical Property Calculator to calculate the physical properties we need for Toluene. 8) Enter a Stagnation Temperature of 229 C and then click the button on the right to open the Physical Properties Calculator. 9) When the calculator appears, if any components appear in the worksheet click Clear Worksheet to clear them. Next, click Add Component. 10) When the Select Components from Databank dialog appears, type TOL in the Search for Name box, select TOLUENE in the list, then click Add to Stream, and then Close to return to the Physical Properties Calculator. Note that the temperature & pressure have been transferred to the calculator so now we are ready to calculate. 11) Click Calculate and the physical properties are displayed in the grid. The values you should get are: Molecular Weight=92.14; Compressibility Factor=0.78; Isentropic Exponent=1.149; Viscosity=0.0128; Specific Heat=2087 J/kg.K 12) Click the calculated values to see the Quality Assurance associated with them. When you are satisfied with them, click OK to return to the Vessel Editor and then click OK to close the Vessel Editor. We are now ready to enter the process data for the pipe fittings. 13) Select any of the three fittings (the shapes on red circles), right-click and click Edit Fittings to open the Edit Fittings dialog. We can enter the process data for all the fittings using this editor Select all the cells in the Roughness column, then right-click and click Roughness Calculator. Select Mild Steel (moderate rust layer) from the list and click OK. VisualAdrian will paste the value back into the Roughness box for all the fittings. Click the Diameter In field for the first straight then right-click and select Pipe Inner Diameter Calculator. Select 2½" and 40/STD/40S and then click OK. VisualAdrian will paste the value back into the Diameter In field and propagate it down the pipe until it reaches the relief valve. Click the Diameter Out field for the Relief Valve, right-click and click Pipe Inner Diameter Calculator. Select 3½" and 40/STD/40S and then click OK. VisualAdrian will paste the value back into the outlet diameter field and propagate it down the pipe to the last straight. Set the lengths of the Straights to be 0.4m, 0.1m, 2m and 2m. For the Relief Valve, set the Minimum Flow Area = 562mm 2 and the Discharge Coefficient =

19 Chapter 3 VisualAdrian Quick Tour Finally for the Bend, click the Value field then right-click and click K-Value Calculator. When the K-Value Calculator opens, select the Bends tab, set r/d = 1, the Quantity=1, click Add and then OK. Click OK to close the Edit Fittings dialog. The final input is to specify the back pressure at the Exit. 14) Double-click the Exit node and set the Outlet Back Pressure to 1 atm and click OK. That s it for the input. Now we re ready to calculate the results. 15) Click the Calculate button on the VisualAdrian toolbar. When the calculations are complete, the results appear in the Results of Calculation dialog. Click View Pipe Details on the toolbar to see the detailed pressure drops through the fittings. On the Detailed Results dialog, click the Pressure on the toolbar to see graphically how the pressure falls through the pipe. 16) Click ΔP Relief Valve, enter a Set Pressure of 10 barg and an Overpressure of 10% and click Calculate to see the upstream and downstream pressure drops as a percentage of set pressure. These should be 1.64% and 3.47% respectively, which are within the ABB Consulting guidelines. 15

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21 Chapter 4 VisualAdrian basics This chapter describes the overall process in running a calculation, shows you how to create a basic piping network diagram and tells you how to enter data in VisualAdrian. Calculation overview The overall process in running a VisualAdrian calculation involves creating a piping diagram in Visio, entering data using the various editor dialogs and then clicking the Calculate button on the VisualAdrian toolbar to generate the results. The main steps in the process are as follows: Create the Visio diagram. Drag the various shapes from the stencil to form your piping diagram. See Creating a VisualApp piping diagram on page 18. Enter inlet conditions. Enter the inlet conditions for the node or vessel, namely the inlet pressure and flow rate and whether the calculation is Isothermal or Adiabatic. Enter the stagnation temperature and then use the PPDS calculator tool to provide the physical properties of the fluid, such as the molecular weight and the viscosity. See Entering inlet conditions on page 23. Enter data for pipes and fittings. Enter physical data for each pipe or fitting, such as pipe length, inner diameter, roughness and fittings loss coefficient. The parameters vary for the different fittings. Use the standard piping calculators to enter these values. See Entering data for pipes and fittings on page 24. Enter data for junctions. Enter the estimated pressure for any junctions in the network. See Entering data for junctions on page 32. Enter data for outlets. Enter the outlet back pressure for the exits or outlet nodes. See Entering data for outlets on page 32. Calculate. Click the Calculate button on the toolbar to generate the results for the network. On completion, the results dialog opens automatically. See Running the calculation and viewing the results on page 33. View the results. The dialog shows summary inlet and outlet pressures and flow rates for the pipe system. A more detailed view let you see pressures and temperatures for each pipe or fitting. Commands on the dialog let you view graphs of pressure drops and/or temperatures along the pipe. You can also print the results or save them as a tab delimited text file that can be input into any spreadsheet program. 17

22 VisualAdrian User Guide Loading a CAD drawing VisualAdrian lets you import a sketch or an engineering drawing to use as a template for creating your piping network diagram. The loaded image is held as a separate CAD drawing layer that you can show or hide as needed. Loading a drawing as a template To load a drawing as a template: 1) In the VisualAdrian menu, click Load CAD drawing. 2) Navigate to select the file and click Open. The image appears behind the Visio drawing layer. To replace the drawing image: 1) In the VisualAdrian menu, click Load CAD drawing. A prompt asks you if you want to replace the current CAD layer. 2) Click Yes. 3) Navigate to select the file and click Open. The image appears behind the Visio drawing layer. Showing or hiding the CAD drawing layer To hide the CAD drawing layer: In the VisualAdrian menu, click Toggle CAD layer. The image no longer appears. To show the CAD drawing layer: In the VisualAdrian menu, click Toggle CAD layer again. The image reappears behind the Visio drawing layer. Creating a VisualAdrian piping diagram Basic VisualAdrian diagrams show the primary pieces of your piping system and how those pieces are connected. This article describes how to quickly create a basic VisualAdrian diagram in Microsoft Office Visio. For full information on creating diagrams, press F1 to open the standard Visio Help. To create a piping network diagram: 1) In Visio open a new drawing file. (In Visio 2007, click File > New > New Drawing.) 2) Ensure that AutoConnect feature is enabled. On the VisualAdrian menu, point to Behavior. If a check mark is in front of the Auto Connect option then it is enabled. Otherwise click Auto Connect. 18

23 Chapter 4 VisualAdrian basics 3) Drag the first shape you want from the VisualAdrian stencil onto your drawing page. The shape will be selected in the drawing with selection handles around it. 4) With the shape still selected, drag a second shape onto your drawing page. The second shape is automatically connected to the first shape. 5) Continue to add shapes to complete your diagram. Removing fittings from your diagram When you amend a VisualAdrian diagram in Visio you may need to remove a fitting from a section between nodes or junctions. If you set the behavior to auto healing, the program will join the shapes either side of the deleted shape. Note Autohealing only works on a section of pipe between nodes. You cannot autoheal a deleted node. To remove a fitting from your diagram: 1) Ensure that AutoHealing feature is enabled. On the VisualAdrian menu, point to Behavior. If a check mark is in front of the Auto Healing option then it is enabled. Otherwise click Auto Healing. 2) Select the shape you want to remove from your drawing page. The shape will be selected in the drawing with selection handles around it. 3) Press the Delete key. 19

24 VisualAdrian User Guide The two shapes either side of the deleted fitting are automatically connected. Entering and editing data fields The Editor dialogs contain a grid of small data fields. A few of these will be text fields, but most are for entering numeric values, with or without units. Entering data fields To enter text or a value: 1) Double-click the field you want to change. Type the new text or number and then click on another cell. An alert appears if numeric data is not entered in the correct format. Click OK and correct the entry. 2) Repeat for other fields as required. 3) When you have finished, click OK. Converting units and values The units for any field appear on the dialog. These are defined on the VisualAdrian options dialog. Sometimes the source data to be entered may be in different units. For example, if a pressure is shown in bar, while the source data is in psi. Rather than have to convert the value in another application, you can enter the value with the units and VisualAdrian will do the conversion inline. To convert a value inline: Enter the data in the format: Value <space> units and then press Enter (or click another field). The value is converted to the units shown on the dialog. Example: For a pressure in bar, entering 50 psi converts to Saving your VisualAdrian diagram When you have completed your VisualAdrian diagram, you will need to save your diagram as a Visio file. When you have added data to the diagram, you will need to save the file again to save the data. To save your diagram in Visio 2007 or earlier: Do one of: Click the Save button on the toolbar. On the File menu, click Save. Press Ctrl+S. 20

25 Chapter 4 VisualAdrian basics To save your diagram in Visio 2010: Do one of: Click the Save button on the Quick Access toolbar. On the File ribbon, click Save. Press Ctrl+S. 21

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27 Chapter 5 Running a calculation When you have created your piping network diagram in VisualAdrian, you are ready to enter modelling data to calculate pressure and flow data. This chapter shows you how to enter data and calculate the results. It also shows you how to view graphs of the data, how to save and print the results and how to run reports. Entering inlet conditions The Vessel Editor dialog lets you enter inlet conditions for the node or vessel, namely the inlet pressure and flow rate and whether the calculation is Isothermal or Adiabatic. Enter the stagnation temperature and then use the PPDS calculator tool to provide the physical properties of the fluid, such as the molecular weight and the viscosity. To enter inlet conditions: 1) Do one of: Double-click the vessel or node shape in the diagram. Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit. The Node/Junction Editor dialog opens. 2) You must specify either the inlet flow or inlet pressure for each inlet. Click either Flow or Pressure and set the attribute accordingly: Inlet Flow: Inlet Pressure: the amount of gas flowing into the network at this inlet. the pressure of the gas flowing into the network at this inlet. 23

28 VisualAdrian User Guide 3) Specify the flow for this particular inlet to be Isothermal or Adiabatic. 4) Enter the Stagnation Temperature. The stagnation temperature of a stream is the temperature which the gas would have if it was brought adiabatically to rest. This is equal to T + 0.5v 2 /C p, where: T v C p is the static temperature is the velocity is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure. In adiabatic calculations, the stagnation temperature is constant along each pipe, and the static temperature varies. In isothermal calculations, the value entered as the stagnation temperature is used as the constant static temperature. 5) Click the button to open the PPDS calculator. For an adiabatic flow the compressibility factor, isentropic exponent, molecular weight, viscosity and specific heat are completed. For an isothermal flow only the first four characteristics are completed. 6) Click OK. Entering data for pipes and fittings Once you have entered the inlet conditions data you have to enter the physical data for each pipe; that is all the sections between two nodes. You can do this in two ways: use a single dialog to define all the sections in the pipe, or double-click each section to define in turn. Entering data for all the sections in a pipe The Edit Fittings dialog lets you enter physical data for all the sections in a particular pipe. The data for each pipe or fitting includes parameters, such as pipe length, inner diameter, roughness and fittings loss coefficient. The parameters vary for the different fittings. Use the standard piping calculators to enter many of these values. To enter pipes and fittings data: 1) Do one of: In the VisualAdrian menu, click Edit pipe. 24

29 Chapter 5 Running a calculation On the VisualAdrian toolbar click the Edit pipe button. Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit Fittings. The Edit Fittings dialog opens. 2) To specify the Roughness, right-click the field and click Roughness Calculator to open the calculator. See Pipe roughness calculator on page 43. 3) To specify the (inlet) Diameter In, right-click the field and click Pipe Inner Diameter Calculator to open the calculator. See Pipe inner diameter calculator on page 42. 4) For a enlargement, contraction or relief valve, repeat for the (outlet) Diameter Out. 5) For a straight, enter the field: Pipe length. 6) For a bursting disc, enter the Vacuum support; that is the flow area of the bursting disc after rupture, expressed as a fraction of the area of the inlet and outlet pipes. 7) To specify a friction loss coefficient (K value) for a bend or fitting, right-click the field and click KValue Calculator to open the calculator. See K-value calculator on page 43. Alternatively, click Equivalent Length in the Basis list and enter the equivalent length in the Value field. 8) For a bend, enter the Max Mach number; that is the value above which the flow chokes at some point in the bend. 9) For a relief valve, enter the fields: Min flow area, Discharge coeff, Manufacturers correction, Subsonic correction. 10) For a pressure drop, enter the field: Pressure Drop. 11) For a fitting, enter the field: Min Flow Diameter. 12) Click OK. Entering data for an individual pipe straight The Edit Straight dialog lets you enter or change values for an individual straight section of pipe. The number in the bottom corner is the item number for the straight when viewed in the Edit Fittings dialog. To enter or change pipe data: 1) Do one of: 25

30 VisualAdrian User Guide Double-click the connecting line in the diagram. Right-click the connecting line in the diagram and click Edit. The Edit Straight dialog dialog opens. 2) Enter a name for the straight, if required. 3) To specify the Roughness, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe roughness calculator on page 43. 4) To specify the (inner) Diameter, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe inner diameter calculator on page 42. 5) Enter or change the Length, as required. 6) Click OK. Entering data for an enlargement or contraction These similar dialogs let you enter or change values for an individual enlargement or contraction. To enter or change enlargement or contraction data: 1) Do one of: Double-click the enlargement shape in the diagram. Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit. 2) Enter a name, if required. 3) To specify the Roughness, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe roughness calculator on page 43. 4) To specify the Inlet Diameter, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe inner diameter calculator on page 42. 5) Repeat for the Outlet Diameter. 6) Click OK. 26

31 Chapter 5 Running a calculation Entering data for an bend The Bend dialog lets you enter or change values for an individual bend. To enter or change bend data: 1) Do one of: Double-click the bend shape in the diagram. Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit. 2) Enter a name, if required. 3) To specify the Roughness, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe roughness calculator on page 43. 4) To specify the Diameter, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe inner diameter calculator on page 42. 5) Enter or change the Maximum Mach Number; that is the value above which the flow chokes at some point in the bend. 6) To specify a friction loss coefficient, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See K-value calculator on page 43. Alternatively, click Equivalent Length and enter the equivalent length in the Frictional Loss field. 7) Click OK. 27

32 VisualAdrian User Guide Entering data for a relief valve The Relief valve dialog lets you enter or change values for an individual relief valve. To enter or change relief valve data: 1) Do one of: Double-click the relief valve shape in the diagram. Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit. 2) Enter a name, if required. 3) To specify the Roughness, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe roughness calculator on page 43. 4) To specify the Inlet Diameter, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe inner diameter calculator on page 42. 5) Repeat for the Outlet Diameter. 6) Enter or change the remaining fields: Minimum flow area. The minimum area of flow through a pipe section. Discharge coefficient. Manufacturer s correction factor. Subsonic correction factor. 7) Click OK. 28

33 Chapter 5 Running a calculation Entering data for a bursting disc The Bursting disc dialog lets you enter or change values for an individual bursting disc. Default values for Roughness, Inner Diameter and Vacuum Support are set. To enter or change bursting disc data: 1) Do one of: Double-click the bursting disc shape in the diagram. Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit. 2) Enter a name, if required. 3) To change the Roughness, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe roughness calculator on page 43. 4) To change the Diameter, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe inner diameter calculator on page 42. 5) If required, change the Vacuum support; that is the flow area of the bursting disc after rupture, expressed as a fraction of the area of the inlet and outlet pipes. 6) Click OK. Entering data for an fitting The Fitting dialog lets you enter or change values for an individual fitting. 29

34 VisualAdrian User Guide To enter or change fitting data: 1) Do one of: Double-click the fitting shape in the diagram. Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit. 2) Enter a name, if required. 3) To specify the Roughness, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe roughness calculator on page 43. 4) To specify the Diameter, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe inner diameter calculator on page 42. 5) Repeat for the Minimum Flow Diameter. 6) To specify a Friction Loss (K value), click the button on the right to open the calculator. See K-value calculator on page 43. Alternatively, click Equivalent Length and enter the equivalent length in the Frictional Loss field. 7) Click OK. Entering data for a pressure drop The Pressure drop dialog lets you enter or change values for an individual pressure drop. To enter or change pressure drop data: 1) Do one of: Double-click the pressure drop shape in the diagram. Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit. 2) Enter a name, if required. 3) To specify the Roughness, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe roughness calculator on page 43. 4) To specify the Diameter Pipe inner diameter calculator on page 42. 5) Enter or change the Pressure Drop, as required. 6) Click OK. 30

35 Chapter 5 Running a calculation Changing the pipe name and flow The pipe names and estimated flow are added automatically as you build your diagram. The Edit Pipe Name & Flow dialog let you change the name of any pipe section. To change the pipe name: 1) Click any of the sections of the pipe (either a straight or a fitting) on the diagram, then right-click and click Edit Pipe Name & Flow. The Edit Pipe Name & Flow dialog opens. 2) Change the name, as required. 3) Click OK. To change the flow estimate: 1) Click any of the sections of the pipe (either a straight or a fitting) on the diagram, then right-click and click Edit Pipe Name & Flow. The Edit Pipe Name & Flow dialog opens. 2) Change the flow estimate, as required. 3) Click OK. Changing the flow direction When you are drawing your diagram there may be time where you need to reverse the flow as you add sections. To change the flow direction: Click any of the sections of the pipe (either a straight or a fitting) on the diagram, then right-click and click Swap direction. 31

36 VisualAdrian User Guide Entering data for junctions and outlets The final data entry task is to enter data for each junction or outlet in turn. Entering data for junctions The Node/Junction Editor dialog lets you enter the estimated pressure for each junction on your network. You can also use the dialog to change the junction name or to add a comment or description to the node. To enter data for junctions: 1) Do one of: Double-click the junction shape in the diagram. Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit. The Node/Junction Editor dialog opens. 2) Enter the estimated pressure, if required. 3) Click OK. Entering data for outlets The Node/Junction Editor dialog lets you enter the outlet back pressure for each outlet node or exit on your network. You can also use the dialog to change the outlet name or to add a comment or description to the node. To enter data for outlets: 1) Do one of: Double-click the node or exit shape in the diagram. 32

37 Chapter 5 Running a calculation Right-click the shape in the diagram and click Edit. The Node/Junction Editor dialog opens. 2) Enter the outlet back pressure: that is the back pressure on the network at this outlet. 3) Click OK. Running the calculation and viewing the results When you have entered all the data for your calculation you are ready to run the calculation and view your results. To run the calculation: Do one of: On the VisualAdrian toolbar, click the Calculate button. On the VisualAdrian menu, click Calculate. When the calculations are complete, the results appear in the Results of Calculation dialog. The dialog shows the overall success of the calculation, together with any warnings.the summary table at the bottom of the dialog shows the inlet and outlet pressures, the flow rate for each pipe in your system and whether any chokes occur at the outlet. The toolbar at the top provides options for viewing the detailed results for each pipe and for saving and printing the results in the summary table. Viewing detailed results To view detailed results for a particular pipe: On the Results of Calculation dialog, select the pipe in the first column of the table and click View Pipe Details. The Detailed Results dialog opens. 33

38 VisualAdrian User Guide The Detailed Results dialog shows the detailed results for a selected pipe. The table shows values such as pressures, temperatures and Mach numbers for each section or fitting along the pipe. The toolbar at the top provides options for saving and printing the detailed results and for viewing graphs of the temperature and pressure changes along the pipe. Viewing a graph of the results In-built graphs let you see how the pressure or temperature changes through the sequence of fittings along the pipe. Various commands on the context (right-click) menu let you print the graph or copy the image to the clipboard, so that you can paste the image into a report. You can also change the formatting of the axes, title and legends or even the chart type, if you wish. To view a graph of pressure changes along the pipe: On the Detailed Results dialog, click the Pressure button. The Pressure Graph opens in a pop-up window. The graph plots pressure and stagnation pressure (y-axis) against the fittings along the pipe (x-axis). 34

39 Chapter 5 Running a calculation To view a graph of temperature changes along the pipe: On the Detailed Results dialog, click the Temperature button. The Temperature Graph opens in a pop-up window. The graph plots temperature (y-axis) against the pipe fittings (x-axis). To print the graph: 1) Right-click the graph background and click Print. The Print dialog opens. 2) The Print Setup tab let you select a printer. Your default is already selected. Click the tab to select a different printer. 3) The Page Setup tab lets you fit the graph to the page and set margins. Click the tab if you need to change the settings. 4) On the Print tab, change the layout option, if required, and click Print. To copy the graph to the clipboard: Right-click the graph background and click Copy. The whole graph is copied to the clipboard. You can than paste the image into any Windows application with the Paste command. Note Make sure you click the background and not one of the image elements. If you click the legend or the graph image, for example, only the selected element is copied. To close the graph: Click the Close (X) button to exit the window. 35

40 VisualAdrian User Guide Calculating pressure drops for a relief value The detailed results dialog for a pipe that includes a relief valve looks as follows: The relief valve data appears in red and an extra button appears at the top of the dialog. This runs a calculator for determining pressure drops upstream and downstream of the valve. To calculate pressure drops for a relief valve: 1) On the Detailed Results dialog, click the Relief Valve button. The Relief Valve Pressure Drop dialog opens. 2) Enter values for the Set Pressure and Overpressure fields, and then click Calculate. A calculation computes values for the Relief Pressure and the upstream and downstream pressure drops. 3) Click Save to retain the values when you exit. 4) Click Close to return to the Detailed Results dialog. 36

41 Saving and printing your results Chapter 5 Running a calculation The Results of Calculation dialog and the Detailed Results dialog both contain command options to let you print the results or export the results data to a tab delimited text file that can be imported into an Excel spreadsheet. Printing results You can print the results of your calculation on either the initial Results of Calculation dialog or from the Detailed Results dialog. In each case the table on the dialog is sent to the printer, that is the summary table of all pipes on the initial dialog or the detailed table for a single pipe on the Detailed Results dialog. To print the summary results: 1) On the Results of Calculation dialog, click the Print button. 2) Choose you printer and click OK. The summary results table is sent to the printer. To print the detailed results: 1) On the Detailed Results dialog, click the Print button. 2) Choose you printer and click OK. The detailed results table is sent to the printer. Saving results You can save the results of your calculation on either the initial Results of Calculation dialog or from the Detailed Results dialog. In each case the table on the dialog is saved, that is the summary table of all pipes on the initial dialog or the detailed table for a single pipe on the Detailed Results dialog. By default, you save the results as a tab delimited file. You can also save the results as an Excel spreadsheet or as an XML or HTML file. To save the summary results: 1) On the Results of Calculation dialog, click the Save button. 2) Enter a name for the file, browse to where you want to save the file and click Save. A message tells you the file has been sucessfully saved. 3) Click OK. To save the detailed results: 1) On the Detailed Results dialog, click the Save button. 2) Enter a name for the file, browse to where you want to save the file and click Save. A message tells you the file has been sucessfully saved. 3) Click OK. 37

42 VisualAdrian User Guide Generating VisualAdrian reports The reports facility lets you output information on your VisualAdrian calculation to a Word document. The report can include your network diagram, the entry data, the results summary and the detailed results for each pipe and fitting. To generate a report: 1) Do one of: In the VisualAdrian menu, click Reports. On the VisualAdrian toolbar click the Reports button. The Report Options dialog opens. 2) Select one or more of the check boxes and then click Generate. The report is generated as a Word document containing the selected items. 3) Click the Save button on the toolbar, browse to where you want to save the file and click Save. 38

43 Chapter 6 Standard calculators PPDS calculator VisualAdrian contains a number of calculators that are used to complete various process values for you. The PPDS calculator provides extensive physical properties data for fluids, performing process calculations involving this data. The standard piping calculators provide physical data and calculations for standard pipes and fittings. This chapter shows you how to use these calculators. They are common to all of the PEL applications. The PPDS calculator helps you complete various physical characteristics for the gas in your network. For an adiabatic flow these characteristics are: compressibility factor, isentropic exponent, molecular weight, viscosity and specific heat. For an isothermal flow only the first four characteristics are calculated. The upper part of the dialog contains a stream composition worksheet, which lets you define the constituent parts of the process stream. Whenever you open the calculator the table always contains the last values used. This lets you run multiple calculations on the same fluid without having to specify or load the stream each time. You can add components to the stream and then specify the molar and/or mass quantities in the stream. You can also change the units for molar and mass flows. To calculate physical characteristics fields: 1) On the Vessel Editor dialog, click the button on the right. 2) Add the various components, as described in Adding Components on page

44 VisualAdrian User Guide The molecular weight of each component and the average molecular weight for the stream appear in the Mol Wt column on the worksheet. If you want to remove a component from the worksheet, click the component name to select the whole row, right-click the row and click Remove Selected Components. 3) Specify the quantities or realtive amounts of each component in one of the other four columns: Molar the molar quantity of each component. Mol Fraction the mole fraction of each component. Mass the mass of each component Mass Fraction the mass fraction of each component The worksheet calculates the values in the other three columns and the totals. If you enter fraction values, you must ensure that they total to 1. If you need to restart the calculation, right-click the worksheet and click Zero All Cells. This completes the molecular weight values in the upper table. 4) Click Calculate. The property values in the lower table are completed. You can click any calculated value to see its accuracy. 5) Click OK to return the values to the Vessel Editor dialog. To clear all components: Click Clear Worksheet. All of the components are removed from the table. Adding Components To add a component: 1) Click Add Component. The Select Components dialog opens. 40

45 Chapter 6 Standard calculators 2) Click the Databank in the list and start typing a search string. Matching entries appear in the Search Results pane as you type. 3) Select the component you want and click Add to Stream. 4) Add all the components you want and then click Close. Changing the units The units in the table are derived from the values you enter. For example, if you set the molar amount to Kmol, Mass amount to Kg and time to h, the flow rate units in the table become Kmol/h and Kg/h. To change the units: 1) On the Feeds tab, click Select Units. The Select Units dialog opens. 2) Change the units as required and click OK. Saving the current stream The Files tab lets you save the current stream on the Feeds tab as a file or recall a previously saved stream file. The saved file (.psm) contains the components and the calculated molar/mass quantities, fractions and totals. To save the current stream: 1) Do one of: On the File menu, click Save Stream File. Right click the worksheet and click Save current Feed. 2) Change the file name and location, if required, and click Save. To open a saved stream: 1) On the File menu, click Click Open Stream File. 2) Browse to select the stream file and click Open. The recalled stream now appears on the Feeds tab. 41

46 VisualAdrian User Guide Pipe inner diameter calculator This calculator returns a pipe s inner diameter (in mm) based on the standard pipe size and the available pipe schedules for that pipe size. The calculator supports both the American (ANSI/ASME/API) pipe sizes standard, which is in imperial units, and the European (DIN) system which uses metric units. The calculator also derives the external diameter and the wall thickness. The American standard pipe sizes range from 1/8 inch up to 36 inch. The schedules, which give the pipe thickness, range from 5S up to XXS (Double Extra Strong). To calculate a pipe internal diameter: 1) Do one of: On the Edit Fittings dialog, click the field that is to contain the pipe inner diameter. Right-click the field and click Pipe Inner Diameter. On a component editor dialog, click the button next to the field. 2) Click the required standard in the drop-down list, select the required pipe size in the left pane and then select the schedule in the right pane. The calculated values appear in the three boxes at the bottom of the dialog, with the inner diameter selected for return. 3) Click OK. The inner diameter value is returned to the datasheet field. 42

47 Pipe roughness calculator Chapter 6 Standard calculators This calculator is used to return an absolute roughness value for a pipe s internal surface. A smooth surface such as glass or plastic has a low roughness value, while badly corroded metal or brick has a high roughness. The values are in millimeters. To calculate a pipe roughness: 1) Do one of: K-value calculator On the Edit Fittings dialog, click the field that is to contain the absolute roughness. Right-click the field and click Pipe Roughness. On a component editor dialog, click the button next to the field. 2) Select the required Surface Type in the list and click OK. The absolute roughness value is returned to the datasheet field. The Fittings Loss (K-value) calculator is a multi-stage tool that enables a process engineer to enter details of all the various fittings, such as bends, valves and t- junctions, that contribute to pressure drop in a piping system. The total loss calculation appears on the Summary tab, which is the default view when you call the calculator. 43

48 VisualAdrian User Guide To calculate the fittings loss (K-value): 1) Do one of: On the Edit Fittings dialog, click the field that is to contain the fittings loss. Right-click the field and click K Value Calculator. On a component editor dialog, click the button next to the field. 2) Add the various fittings on the other tabs as defined in the following sections. As you add details on a tab, the total loss for that tab appears on the summary tab. 3) If you need to enter any Manual Adjustment, enter the value and add a reason for the adjustment (optional). The manual adjustment field is for entering miscellaneous fittings not covered on the other tabs. You can also use it to manually adjust the model in the validation stage or for studying the effect of changes, such as a control valve position. 4) When you have completed the calculation click OK. The total loss value is returned to the datasheet field. Note As the calculator retains the values last used, you can click OK to save the calculation at any stage and then restart the calculator to continue. Adding tee junctions The Tee Junctions calculation takes into account any blanked off junctions. This can also be a line where the dead leg is isolated at a valve further downstream. To add tee junctions: 1) On the Fittings Loss Calculator dialog, click the Tee Junctions tab. 2) Click the Tee Junction Type in the list, enter the Quantity and click Add. The items are added to the table at the bottom of the tab, with the loss shown for each addition. The total for all junctions appears on the Summary tab. To delete tee junctions: Select the entry in the table and click Delete. The entry is removed from the calculation. 44

49 Chapter 6 Standard calculators Adding bends Bends are added in a similar way to tee-junctions. To add bends: 1) On the Fittings Loss Calculator dialog, click the Bends tab. 2) Click the Bend Type in the list, enter the Radius (of the bend) and the Diameter (of the pipe), enter the Quantity and click Add. Note You can enter any two of the radius, the diameter and the ratio of the two. If you enter the radius and the diameter, the ratio is calculated. If you enter the ratio and one other parameter, the omitted parameter appears as unspecified. The items are added to the table at the bottom of the tab, with the loss shown for each addition. The total for all bends appears on the Summary tab. To delete bends: Select the entry in the table and click Delete. The entry is removed from the calculation. Adding valves Valves are defined by type and by one or more categories within the type. For example, the Globe Valve type has two categories cast valves and forged valves. 45

50 VisualAdrian User Guide To add valves: 1) On the Fittings Loss Calculator dialog, click the Valves tab. 2) Double-click the Valve Type in the list and select the category you want. 3) Click the Pipe Size in the list, enter the Quantity and click Add. The items are added to the table at the bottom of the tab, with the loss shown for each addition. The total for all valves appears on the Summary tab. To delete valves: Select the entry in the table and click Delete. The entry is removed from the calculation. Adding expansions/contractions This tab is for adding expansion and contraction joints to the calculation. For exit losses: Select an expansion with a small/large area ratio of zero. For entry losses: Select a contraction with a small/large area ratio of zero. To add expansions or contractions: 1) On the Fittings Loss Calculator dialog, click the Expansions/contractions tab. 2) Click Contraction or Expansion, as appropriate, enter the Large Area, the Small Area, enter the Quantity and click Add. Note You can enter any two of the large area, the small area and the ratio of the two. If you enter the two areas, the ratio is calculated. If you enter the ratio and one other parameter, the omitted parameter appears as unspecified. You can also edit the calculated ratio for entry and exit losses. The items are added to the table at the bottom of the tab, with the loss shown for each addition. The total for all expansions appears on the Summary tab. To delete expansions or contractions: Select the entry in the table and click Delete. The entry is removed from the calculation. 46

51 Chapter 6 Standard calculators Adding User Defined (Process Equipment) items The easiest way to model process equipment (for example, heat exchangers and filters) is as a section of pipe with a fitting loss coefficient. The pipe length needs to be short so that the pressure drop is solely due to the fittings 1m is generally used. The values for mass flow, pressure drop etc. can be obtained from the process data sheet. Static head changes between inlet and outlet should not be taken into account as the node information deals with this. To add process equipment: 1) On the Fittings Loss Calculator dialog, click the User Defined tab. 2) Enter a name for the item and specify the following items: Pipe Inner Diameter Flow Rate Density Pressure drop 3) Enter the Quantity and click Add. The items are added to the table at the bottom of the tab, with the loss shown for each addition. The total for all process equipment appears on the Summary tab. To delete a process equipment item: Select the entry in the table and click Delete. The entry is removed from the calculation. 47

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53 Chapter 7 VisualAdrian options This chapter describes how you can change the various options settings that determine how VisualAdrian works. Describing the model The Model tab on the VisualAdrian Options dialog lets you enter a detalied description of the model used for the VisualAdrian calculation. To add a model description: 1) Do one of: On the VisualAdrian toolbar click the Options button. In the VisualAdrian menu, click Options. The VisualAdrian Options dialog opens. 2) Enter a title for the model. 3) In the Comments field, add a detailed description. 4) Click OK to save the changes. 49

54 VisualAdrian User Guide Changing units The Units tab on the VisualAdrian Options dialog lets you select the units for process values to appear in all the editor and results dialogs. Three predefined set of units are provided: Engineering units the units most commonly used in the chemical process industries. They are mostly SI units, but with a few variants, such as Parameter SI unit Engineering unit Temperature K (Kelvin) C (Celcius) Pressure N/m2 bar Dynamic viscosity N.s/m2 cp (centipoise) Other units differ just by degree, such as mm for short length (instead of m). SI units the international system of units, the standard metric system British units standard UK (Imperial) or US units Engineering units are the default set when you install VisualAdrian.You can set one of the other predefined sets as the default or compile your own set. To change the units to a predefined set: 1) Do one of: On the VisualAdrian toolbar click the Options button. In the VisualAdrian menu, click Options. The VisualAdrian Options dialog opens. 2) Click the Units tab. 3) Click the button for the set you want to use, such as SI. 50

55 Chapter 7 VisualAdrian options A prompt asks you if you want to select these units as the default so that the set is loaded next time you start VisualAdrian. 4) Click Yes. The selected set appears in the dialog. 5) Click OK to save the changes. Creating your own set of units The Units tab on the VisualAdrian Options dialog lets you compile your own set of units. You can save these changes to a file and reload as you need. The units file is saved by default to the PEL/Apps folder where VisualAdrian is installed. You can save the file elsewhere. To create a new set of units: 1) On the Units tab on the VisualAdrian Options dialog, click the unit you want to change to select the cell in the table. 2) Right-click the cell and click one of the alternative units in the context menu. 3) Repeat for other units as required to complete your set. 4) Click Save units to file, enter a name for file (the default is UserUnits.uns), browse to where you want to save the file (optional) and click Save. To load an existing set of units: 1) On the Units tab on the VisualAdrian Options dialog, click Get units from file. 2) Browse to where the file is saved (if not the PEL/Apps folder) and click Open. A prompt asks you if you want to select these units as the default so that the set is loaded next time you start VisualAdrian. 3) Click Yes. The selected set appears in the dialog. 4) Click OK to save the changes. 51

56 VisualAdrian User Guide Changing decimal places The Decimal Places tab on the VisualAdrian Options dialog lets you select the number of decimal places to be shown for various process values on all the editor and results dialogs. To change the settings: 1) Do one of: On the VisualAdrian toolbar click the Options button. In the VisualAdrian menu, click Options. The VisualAdrian Options dialog opens. 2) Click the Decimal Places tab. 3) Change the number of decimal places for a particular parameter as required. 4) If you want to save the changes so that they are reloaded next time you start VisualAdrian, click Save As Defaults. Otherwise the changes will just apply to this session. 5) Click OK to save the changes. 52

57 Changing default values Chapter 7 VisualAdrian options The Default Values tab on the VisualAdrian Options dialog lets you set default values for common pipe parameter, such as diameter and roughness. To change the settings: 1) Do one of: On the VisualAdrian toolbar click the Options button. In the VisualAdrian menu, click Options. The VisualAdrian Options dialog opens. 2) Click the Default Values tab. 3) To change the default for Diameter, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe inner diameter calculator on page 42. 4) To change the default for Roughness, click the button on the right to open the calculator. See Pipe roughness calculator. on page 43 5) The Inlet / Outlet Diameter defaults are for enlargements, contractions and relief valves. To change the default, click the button on the right as before. 6) To change any of the remaining numeric or text defaults, double-click the value to select and type the new default. 7) To change the Connector thickness, click the new thickness in the list. 8) If you want to save the changes so that they are reloaded next time you start VisualAdrian, click Save As Defaults. Otherwise the changes will just apply to this session. 9) Click OK to save the changes. 53