Autokey Version 2 Specification
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1 Autokey Version 2 Specification draft-sibold-autokey-00 Authors: Dr. D. Sibold PTB, Stephen Röttger IETF 85, Atlanta, USA, November 4 9, 2012
2 Introduction Scope: Autokey V2 shall provide Authenticity of NTP servers and Integrity of NTP data packets Conformity with the TICTOC Security Requirements History IETF 83 IETF 84 July 30, 2012 Presentation of security issues of RFC 5906 (autokey) Plan for a new autokey standard was presented 00-Version of draft (preliminary) 2
3 Document Overview Section 5 Autokey Overview Section 6 Protocol Sequence Section 7 Hash and MAC Algorithms Section 8 Server Seed Considerations Appendix A Check against TICTOC Security Requirements 3
4 Section 5 Autokey Overview Existing 00-Version 01-Version (in prep.) MAC MAC as HMAC NTP packet autokey NTP packet cookie keyid cookie Public key of the client server seed Hash of the client s public key server seed 4
5 Section 6 Protocol Sequence Association Message NTP packet with extension field of type association. It contains, inter alia, algorithms for signatures, agreed hash and MAC algorithms (in 01-version the server has to notify the supported cryptographic hash algorithms ). Certificate Message The client verifies the authenticity of the server. To this end it request a chain of certificates up to the trusted authority (TA) Use of X.509 certificates The client needs a list of certificates which are accepted as TAs 5
6 Section 6 Protocol Sequence (cont ) Certificate Message (cont. ) u Notes At this stage the client has no reliable time and therefore is not able to verify validity of the certificates. Solutions for an initial time stamp: - Use of OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol, RFC 6277) - Use of Time Stamping Authority (TSA) or other reliable sources - The validity of certificates is preconditioned (e.g. in corporate networks) TA and Stratum-1 server are not inevitably identical. - Chain of trust and chain of time sync are not identical 6
7 Section 6 Protocol Sequence (cont ) Certificate Message (cont. ) Chain& of&trust& Chain&of& )me&sync& NTP5Client& SUB5& CA& NTP5Stratum=n& CA& The client MUST verify authenticity of stratum n server Debatable: It may verify authenticity of stratum n-1 server. This would add complexity to the protocol! NTP5Stratum=n51& NTP5Stratum=3& CA& NTP5Stratum=2& NTP5Stratum=1& 7
8 Section 6 Protocol Sequence (cont ) Cookie Message The client requests the cookie from the server. The request contains its public key (in the 01-version it contains also the hash algorithm selected by the client). The response contains the cookie encrypted with the client s public key. Time Request Message The client s request includes a new extension field time request. It contains - its public key (in the 01-version the hash of the public key) and - the hash function which has to be utilized by the server. 8
9 Section 7 Hash and MAC algorithms Hash functions for Cookie 00-Version The client MUST request SHA-1 or a stronger Server MUST provide SHA-256 MAC The hash function is negotiated between server and client They SHOULD negotiate a HMAC Hash for the public key Hash functions for the Autokeys Not applicable Client MUST request SHA-1 or a stronger Server MUST provide SHA version (in prep.) The Server supports a list of hash algorithms. These are notified during association exchange The server MUST NOT support MD5 or weaker (see also RFC 6151) Among others, it MUST support SHA-256 or stronger The client selects one of the notified hash algorithms This hash algorithm is used for all hashing processes The MAC is generated via a HMAC Not applicable 9
10 Section 8 Server Seed Considerations Generation of the seed Open Server Seed Live Time What is a reasonable live time of the seed? 10
11 TICTOC Security Requirements ! Section Requirement from I-D tictoc Type Autokey! security-requirements-02 V2! ! 4.1 Authentication of sender. MUST OK! Authentication of master. MUST OK! Recursive authentication MUST Open 1)! Authentication of slaves. SHOULD OK! 4.2 Integrity protection. MUST OK! 4.3 Protection against DoS attacks. MUST NTP 2)! 4.4 Replay protection. MUST NTP 2)! 4.5 Security association. MUST OK! Unicast and multicast MUST OK! associations.! Key freshness. MUST OK! 4.6 Performance: no degradation in MUST OK! quality of time transfer.! Performance: lightweight. SHOULD YES! Performance: storage, bandwidth. MUST OK! 4.7 Confidentiality protection. MAY NO! Protection against delay MAY NO! attacks.! 4.9 Secure mode. MUST NTP? 3)! Hybrid mode. MAY YES! ! 1) But chain of trust not necessarily in line with chain of time sync. 2) Ensured by NTP on-wire protocol 3) This is more a setup/configuration issue 11
12 Next steps Finalization of the 01-version of the draft Inclusion of the NTP development team Inclusion of IETF s security group A new name for the protocol (suggestions?) 12
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