OSOBNO RAČUNALO. Doc.dr.sc. Tonćo Marušić Asistent Tomislav Volarić. Ml. asistent Marijana Bandić Glavaš
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1 OSOBNO RAČUNALO Doc.dr.sc. Tonćo Marušić Asistent Tomislav Volarić Ml. asistent Marijana Bandić Glavaš
2 Osobno računalo
3 Glavne komponente osobnog računala Centralna procesorska jedinica (Central Processing Unit), Matična ploča (Matherboard); Memorija (Memory, radna memorija i masovna memorija); Jedinice masovnog memorijskog medija (Disk Hard Disk; Disketa Floppy Disk; CD-ROM, DVD, ZIP uređaj); Ulazne jedinice (Monitor, Printer, Skener); Uređaji multimedije (Zvučna kartica Sound Card); Jedinica mrežnog napajanja (Power supply); Operacijski sustav (Operating System).
4 Glavne komponente osobnog računala - međusobni odnos -
5 Komunikacija korisnika i računala - pregled najčešće korištenih uređaja - Monitor, Tipkovnica, Miš, Jedinice masovne memorije: Disketa; CD-ROM; DVD-ROM; Zip-disketa. Priključak za vanjske uređaje (Port): Paralelni(parallel); Serijski(serial); USB (Universal Serial Bus). Povezivanje u računalnu mrežu: Priključak za modem; priključak za lokalnu mrežu.
6 Građa osobnog računala kućište Tower
7 Centralna procesorska jedinica - razvoj mikroprocesora - (1/2) Prvi mikroprocesor je imao oznaku Intel 4004 i uveden je god. Intel 4004 je ugrađivan u prva džepna računala kalkulatore Svi navedeni mikroprocesori tvrtke Intel razvijali su se na temelju mikroprocesora 8088, te predstavljaju respektivno njegovo poboljšavanje. Pentium III mikroprocesor može izvršavati neke dijelove koda koji su pisani za mikroprocesor 8088, ali to radi puta brže.
8 Centralna procesorska jedinica - razvoj mikroprocesora - (2/2)
9 INTEL MICROPROCESSORS
10 PROCESSING POWER
11 HARDWARE COMPRESSION
12 Centralna procesorska jedinica (Central Processing Unit) Mikroprocesor je integrirani krug građen pomoću ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) tehnologije. Više od tri milijuna tranzistora. Građevni materijal Silicij.
13 Matična ploča (Motherboard) Tipična struktura matične ploče je: jedan ili više mikroprocesora, BIOS chip, memorijski slotovi, USB port, ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) slot, AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port) video slot, PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) adapterslot. MSI 694D Pro BIOS chip
14 Floppy disk - disketa Jedinica uređaj za masovni memorijski medij. Fizička izvedba standard 3.5 incha Kapacitet 1.44 MB
15 Hard disk 1/2
16 Hard disk 2/2 Tipična brzina vrtnje osovine motora je 3600 do RPM. Hard disk je prvi put upotrebljen Korišteni nazivi: Fixed Disk, Winchester, Hard Disk. Podaci su pospremljeni u strukturi: SECTOR I TRACK. Sektor obično ima fiksirani broj byte-a i to 256 ili 512. Sektori su grupirani u klastere (clusters). Standardni kapacitet 10, 20, 30 i više GB. Sektor - Sector Koncentrična kružnica - Track
17 CD ROM i DVD su danas najviše korišteni medij za: muzički zapis, zapis podatataka,programa i dokumenata. CD ROM i DVD Kapacitet: CD ROM 650 MB DVD 4.7GB - 17GB. DVD formati zapisa
18 ZIP uređaji Zip pogonski uređaj spada u kategoriju masovne memorije. Proizvela ga je tvrtka Iomega. Sadašnje izvedbe medija su sa disketom od 100MB i 250MB. Povezuje se na računalo preko: paralelnog porta vanjski uređaj USB porta vanjski uređaj ili IDE interafce-a interni uređaj (povoljnije za korisnika) Namjena: čuvanje zaštitnih kopija backup programske podrške (software-a).
19 Jedinica mrežnog napajanja (Power supply)
20 Operacijski sustav (Operating system) Sistemsku programsku podršku osobnog računala obično čini MS-Windows. Aktualni su: MS-Windows 98, MS Windows 2000 XP Windows Poruka koja se javi kada se pri uključenju računala disketa (koja nema sistemske datoteke) nalazi u uređaju za disketu
21 SOFTWARE EVOLUTION
22 Priključak za vanjske uređaje - Paralelni
23 Priključak za vanjske uređaje - Serijski Dva serijska porta prikjučka Naziv serijski port je u vezi s načinom prijenosa podataka između računala i vanjskog uređaja. Prijenos preko serijskog porta je sporiji od prijenosa preko paralelnog porta.
24 USB konektor U usporedbi s ostalim načinima za ostvarivanje komunikacije različitih uređaja i osobnog računala USB je postao nezamjenjiv i to radi sljedećeg: jednostavan za priključivanje, mogućnost priključivanja do 127 uređaja, Obuhvat (bandwidth) 6 MBs, Auto detekcija novog uređaja, Mogućnost ostvarivanja mrežnih konfiguracija. U konfiguraciji PC-a danas su obično do dva USB uređaja. Komunikacija s priključenim uređajima odvija se u tzv. okvirima (frames). Okvir se sastoji od oko bytes. Okvir starta svake milisekunde.
25 Povezivanje u računalnu mrežu 1/3 Načelno su dva načina povezivanja računala u računalnu mrežu i to: Pomoću MODEM-a Pomoću mrežne kartice (LAN card). Ethernet hub - mrežni koncentrator za povezivanje 4, 8 ili 16 računala u računalnu mrežu pri čemu je svakom računalu omogućena jednaka propusnost podataka.
26 Povezivanje u računalnu mrežu 2/3
27 Povezivanje u računalnu mrežu 3/3 - Lokalna mreža i veza prema internetu -
28 Firewall
29 INTERNET CONNECTIVITY MAP - -
30 HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE -Development - Keyboard I/O Text Displays Kb/s Connectivity Mouse/Keyboard I/O Color Displays Flat Panel Displays Simple Multimedia Kb/s -Mb/s Connectivity Speech Understanding Pen-based Input Hi-Res Color Displays 3-D Flat Panel Displays Projection Displays Smart Camera Wireless Interfaces Gb/s Connectivity Interactive Intelligence Ubiquitous & Invisible
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