Wisconsin Computer Architecture. Nam Sung Kim
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1 Wisconsin Computer Architecture Mark Hill Nam Sung Kim Mikko Lipasti Karu Sankaralingam Guri Sohi David Wood
2 Technology & Moore s Law 35nm Transistor 1947 Moore s Law 1964: Integrated Circuit 1958 Transistor today # Transistors per IC doubles every two years (or 18 months)
3 Architects & Another Moore s Law Microprocessor 1971 (2002) 55M transistors Pentium 4 Popular Moore s Law: Microprocessor performance doubles every two years
4 Houston, We Have Problems! Memory Wall 1980 Memory Latency ~ 1 instruction 2008 Memory Latency ~ 1000 instructions Other Problems Power & cooling Cross-chip wires Complexity & test
5 Chip Multiprocessor (a.k.a a Multi-Core) Replicate processor core & Caches Uses more transistors t Tolerates memory wall Simpler lower-power cores Reduces complexity
6 an Opportunity Houston, We Still Have a Problem Recall Popular Moore s Law: Microprocessor performance doubles every two years Future CMP Performance Doublings Require Effective multithread programming! Better communication Faster synchronization More cores
7 Why Computer Architecture at Wisconsin? 1 of 2 Strong History processors: branch prediction, decoupled architectures, precise interrupts, out-of-order processors, pipeline clocking, speculative execution, speculative multithreading memory: snooping coherence, 3Cs model, memory consistency, non-blocking caches, token coherence simulation: simplescalar, pharmsim, & GEMS Strong Present speculative multithreading, speculative coherence, chip multiprocessors, virtual machines, transactional memory awards: Eckert-Mauchly, Wilkes, IEEE/ACM Fellows, National academy of engineering members 20 grad students t & several well-funded d projects
8 Why Computer Architecture at Wisconsin? 2 of 2 Former Graduate Students Prospering Over a dozen in academia: CMU, Duke, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, NCSU, U Penn, Purdue, Texas, Toronto Nearly all winners of NSF CAREER awards 4 winners of Sloan Research Fellowships Several in key industrial positions: AMD, Cray, IBM, Intel, Sun, others Includes principal architects of important products (Alpha 21264, Cray T3EX1/) Strong Future We average 15-20% ISCA papers since 2000 Our grads average another 15-20% We want to add you to this slide!
9 Selected Projects 1 of 2 Multifacet: Multicore design (Hill & Wood) Recent: Log-based Transactional Memory Future: Deterministic Execution & Replay Vertical: Technology-driven architecture (Sankaralingam) Reliability aware systems Copernicus: future graphics architectures Multiscalar: l Processor Design (Sohi) Past: Speculative multithreading and variants Recent/Current: Non-traditional multicore architectures and solving the multicore programming problem.
10 Selected Projects 2 of 2 Many-Core Power and Performance(Kim) Power, performance optimization considering process variability Reliable, low-power computing Pharm: System and processor design (Lipasti) Optimized software & hardware for commercial servers Novel and power-efficient cache coherence and interconnects High ILP processors with low power and low complexity
11 wisc
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