AIRPORT ROAD SUKKUR SINDH NAME OF CANDIDATE; SECTION; ICT NOTES PREPARED BY; ASAD MENGAL

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1 AIRPORT ROAD SUKKUR SINDH NAME OF CANDIDATE; SECTION; ICT NOTES PREPARED BY; ASAD MENGAL

2 1 INTRDUCTION TODAY S TECHONOLOGY COMPUTER; this is an electronic device which receives data as input from user and gives information as output. HARDWARE; The electronic parts of the computer is called hardware. Example; keyboard, mouse, speakers etc. PERSONAL COMPUTER ; A personal computer is a computer that performs it s all tasks like input, output, processing etc, and it is used by one person at one time. DESK TOP COMPUTER; Desktop computers are those type of computers that are placed at stationary location and it s all components are placed on or under the table or desk. Personal computers; tablets, laptops, desktops etc. LAPTOS; laptops are the light weight computers with thin body structure and screen and having keyboard in is base. LAPTOPS WEIGHTS; 1 inch thick and 3 pounds weight TABLETS; Tablets are thin, light-weighted and like mobile computer that have touch system screen Example; slate like tablet is popular tablet having no physical keyboard. SERVER; Server is a computer program that provides services to other computer programs and its users. Serves has accesses to control hardware, software and other resources. MOBILE; A mobile is a computing device and having light weight, reduced size, small screen and easy to hold in your hand. Some of them have capability to run internet. Types of mobiles 1; SMART-PHONE; A smart-phone is type of mobile having ability to run internet wirelessly and having other several applications like games, calendar, address book etc.

3 2; PHABLET; This type of mobile possesses features like a tablet and many of them contain numbers letters, key boards, key-paid etc. MESSAGE; A way of communication that contains some information like news, advice, request and sent by mobiles, s, messenger etc. Types of messages of smart phones S.NO TYPE OF MESSAGE DEFINITION 1 Voice mail message A short audio recorded message send by mobile. 2 Text message A typed short or long text message send by mobile. 3 Picture message A type of message in which we send pictures. 4 Video message A type of message in which we send videos. DIGITAL CAMERA; A digital camera is a device through which you take and store photos and record videos digitally. Some of have them ability to connect wirelessly with devices. NOTE; some of the cameras have GPS (Global Positioning System) that also records the exact location. DIGITAL MEDIA PLAYER; A portable digital media player is a mobile device in which you can store, organize, paly and view images and videos etc. E-BOOK READERS; A portable electronic device through which you can read books text- materials in digital form. It is also called electronic book reader WEARABLE DEVICES; Those devices which are able to wear and these also possess communication system. Some of them are active trackers and some possess track sleep patterns etc. (Example; smart glasses, smart watches etc.) GAME DEVICES; A device that is designed for playing games as single or multiple players. Some of them are connected with T.V to watch gameplay on the screen.

4 GAME CONSOLE; A computer system which is specially designed for playing video- games through connecting in T.V HAND HELD GAME DEVICE; A device which is small and enough to fit in one hand for playing games. It is portable than other game consoles. DIGITAL DEVICE CONVERGENCE; those devices which need other devices for function. (Example; for chatting online we need digital camera, for playing games we need joystick etc.) 2 DATA AND INFORMATION DATA; the collection of unprocessed items including images, audios, videos, texts and numbers etc. INFORMATION; This is also called processed data because it conveys the meaning of data. INPUT DEVICE; Those devices through which we enter our data in the computer. (Example; keyboard, mouse, micro-phone etc.) KEYBOARD; The keyboard is an input device which contains keys to enter data and instructions in the computer. POINTING DEVICES; A device that allows you to control small symbol on the screen called pointer. Example; (mouse, touchpad mouse) Note; Touchpad mouse is used in laptops VOICE AND VIDEO INPUTDEVICES Those devices which allow you to share your voice and video. (Example; microphone, headset, web came) Specially the computers or in the smart phones enable you to share videos and voices. SCANNER; A scanner is a light-sensing device which allows you to put the printed texts, photos in the computer.

5 OUT-PUT DEVICE; Those hardware devices through which we get our information from the computer. (Printer, speaker, monitor etc.) PRINTER; A printer is an output device that allows to print out your documents, pictures on physical medium. Such as paper etc. 3-D PRINTER; A type of printer that prints solid objects such as clothing, eye-wear, toys etc. DISPLAY; A display is an output device that visually conveys texts, graphics and videos information.it consists on screen (Example; Monitors, T.V etc.) MEMORY; It is an electronic that stores the instructions which are needed by the data. STORAGE DEVICE; Those devices in which we record or rewrite our data for the future. (Example; drivers. CD, USB) CHART OF STORAGE device AND THEIR CAPACITY S.NO STORAGE MEDIA STORAGE CAPACITY 1 DVD 2 full length movies or 17 billion characteristics 2 USB 4 billion characteristics 3 CD 650 million to 1 billion characters 4 BLUE RAY DISK 46 hours standard videos or 100 billion characters STORAGE DEVICE; The devices which are the source of input and output, because they transfer our data from storage to memory. HARD DISK; This is a storage device that contains circular platters that use magnetic particles to so to store our data, information and instructions. SOLID-STATE DRIVES; A Solid state drive (SSD) is also a storage device that typically use flash memory to store our data, information and instructions.

6 USB FLASH DRIVES; USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a portable flash memory storage device in which we store our data and easy to transfer in other computer. MEMORY CARDS; It is also a storage device in which you store data such as photos, videos, etc, and transfer with the help of card reader. OPTICAL DISC; An optical disk is a type of storage media that consists of a flat, round metal disk in which data is stored magnetically or optically. CLOUD STORAGE; It is an internet service that provides remote storage to computer users. BACK UP; It is a duplicate of content on storage medium which is use to in the case of original data is lost, damage or destroyed. SYSTEM UNIT; this is a metal case which protects the other components of computer such as RAM, PROCESSSER, HARD DRIVE etc. MOTHER BOARD ; This is the main and important circuit board of computer on which all the electronic components are connected, it is also known as logic board or main board of computer THE 3 COMPUTING COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD PROCESSER MEMORY PROCESSER; It is also called CPU (Central Processing Unit), which carries out the basic instructions to operate computer. NOTE; some memories are permanent, and some are temporary memories. PERMANENT MEMORIES store the data permanently. TEMPORARY MEMORIES does not store data permanently it means when the computer shut downs data will erase.

7 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT; A circuit is a pathway that contains many small electronic components like transistors, capacitors etc. TRANSISTER; The electronic switch that closes or opens the circuit for electric charges. CHIP; A small one half inch square size silicon made piece of semiconductor having contains materials. PROCESSER; It is also called CPU (Central Processing Unit), which carries out the basic instructions to operate computer S.NO TYPES OF PROCESSOR DEFINITION 1 Dual core Having single chip along with 2 or more than 2 Quad core processor cores. Having single chip along with 4 separate processor cores. 3 Octa- core Having single chip along with 8 separate processor cores. CONTROL UNIT; The component of processor that direct and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. ARTHEMATIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU); The part of processor that performs the basic parts of calculation like (+,,, ) through comparison operation. COMPRASION OPERATION; this operation occurs in ALU to compare the data on the basis of (<,>, <,>) MACHINE CYCLE; It is also called processer cycle. This is the basic operation performed by (C.P.U). It has following 4 steps. S.NO STEP NAME FUNCTION 1 FETCHING It obtains instructions or data item from memory 2 DECODING It transfers the instruction or data item in signals. 3 EXCUTING It carries out commands for instruction or data item 4 STORING This store the writing result in the memory

8 REGISTERS; A processor that contains small and high speed storage location SYSTEM CLOCK; The processor performs works in specific time. That time is measured in system clock, and the clock measures the time in (gigahertz, GHz). MICRO PROCESOR; An integrated circuit that contains all the functions of (CPU) of the computer. SYSTEM ON CHIP; The function of processor, memory and a video on single chip. HEAT SINK; A small ceramic metal with fins used to cool the heat produced by the processor. LIQUID COOLING TECHONOLOGY; a technology which contains water and glycol to cool the processor. 9 OPERATING SYSTEM OPERATING SYSTEM; An operating system is set of programs which allows the user to run the program. FIRMWARE; a permanent software program in ROM (Read Only Memory) chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions. PALTFORM; Operating system is also called platform, which runs a computer. CROSS-PALTFORM; This a program that runs on multiple operating system. BOOTING ; The processes of restarting the computer is called booting. Types Cold Booting Warm Booting Turning on the computer when it is completely power off Turning on the computer by using operating system.

9 PROCESSES WHILE COLD BOOTING KERNEL; this is also called memory resident, it is the core of operating system by managing the memory and device and other programs. Starting the computer. HIBERNATE; the processes in which we save any open data to hard disk before turning off the computer. USER INTERFACE; it controls the commands that how user enters data and instructions and displays the result on screen. Types GRAPHICAL USER INTER-FACE COMMAND LINE INTER-FACE The processes in which buttons are used to issue commands along visual of images. The processes in which commands are used to perform tasks on the computer. MANAGING MEMORY; Memory management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory. Types SINGLE USER/SINGLE TASKING SINGLE USER/MULTI- TASKING The processes in which operating system allows only one user to run one program. The processes in which operating system allows only one user to run two or more than two programs. PREEMPTIVE MULTI-TASKING; the processes in which operating system interprets the running program and other program waits for executing. MULTI-USER; The processes in which operating system enables more than two users run the same program simultaneously. MULTI-PROCESSING; The processes in which operating system supports more than two processers for running program at same time. FORE-GROUND; A type of program which you run on the computer currently.

10 BACK-GROUND; A type of program which is hidden partially or completely behind the fore-ground. MANAGING MAEMORY; the processes is use to optimize the use of RAM. VIRTUAL MEMORY; this is a memory management which implements the use of hardware and software. SWAP FILE; The area of hard disk which is use for virtual memory. PAGING; The processes of swapping items between memory and storage. BUFFER; the processes of memory storage in which items are placed for transferring in input or output device. PRINT SPOOLER; it sets the printed documents in a line from operating system. CONFIGURING DEVICES; the device tells the COS how to work with the devices. PLUG AND PLAY; the devices that update automatically on the OS MONITORING DEVICES; the devices which access the performance with various computers. INTERNET CONNECTION; The internet is a world-wide website that connects the system across the word by using DSL or Wi-Fi SERVICE PACK; many software makers provide this service which provide free downloadable updates automatically, FILE MANAGER; A utility that manages the file s according the files managements. SEARCH UTILITY; A utility for users through which they can search save files and data easily IMAGE VIEWER; the utility trough which users views the images. UNINSTALLER; the utility through which users uninstall different programs and soft wares, DISK DE-FRAGMENTER; the utility that recognize the files in a sequence saves more space on the hard disk BACK UP AND RESTORE UTILITY; the utility that allows the users to copy files or back up from the hard disk. Many back-up utilities shrink the size of file SCREEN SAVER; a utility used by the users to show moving images or texts on the screen. This utility is used to prevent from ghosting DISK CLEAN UP; a utility that searches and then removes un-necessary files. FILE COMPRESSION; this program shrinks the size of your file to occupy less space.

11 PERSONAL COMPUTER MAINTAINCE; The system that diagnoses all the problems of computer but does nor repair them. NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR; the head of a network system who adds or removes the users. CONTROLLING NETWORK; the network provide by operating server to how to co-ordinate with multiple users. PASSWORD; The combination of private words associated with user s names. ENCRYPTION; The processes of changing password in unreadable form. DESCRYPTION; the processes to change the password in readable form. DEVICE INDEPENDENT; The program which runs only on its specific type of computer. PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE; A private software which is limited to specific vendor or computer or device model. BACK-WARD COMPATIABLE; A new version of operating system that recognize and work with applications. UP-WARD COMPATIABLE; A version of operating system that or may not run with new versions of operating system. DESKTOP OPERATING SYSTEM;.This is a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops and some tablets. It is also called Stand Alone Operating System or client operating system. WINDOWS; It is an operating system that which provides graphical user interface and without this computer will not show its performance or does not work. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM 1. MACINTOSH OPERATING SYSTEM; It is an operating system of APPLE S COMPANY that which provides graphical user interface and without this computer will not show its performance or does not work. 2. UNIX; It is a multi- tasking operating system developed in 1970 by scientists at BELL LABORATORIES that which provides graphical user interface and also command line interface and without this computer will not show its performance or does not work. 3. LINUX; It is also a multi-tasking operating system developed in 1991 based on LINUX and it runs variety of personal computers, servers and devices nd NAME OF LINUX; LINUX is also Open Source Software which means it is code provided for use. 5. CHROME OPERATING SYSTEM; It is an operating system OF GOOGLE based on Linux Operating System. It is also called chrome-book or chrome box.

12 PARTITION; for running a computer we divide the hard drive in different parts that s called partition. It is also called dual booting Virtual machine; this is an environment on a computer in which you can run or install an operating system or programs SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM; server is a multi-user operating system that organizes and coordinates multiple users to share resources on a network. TYPES OF SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM 1. WINDOW SERVER; This is an operating system developed by Microsoft that enables the users or organizations to manage applications and websites. 2. OPERATING SYSTEM OF X-SERVER; This is an operating system developed Apple that enables the users or organizations to share files, host websites and mail servers. 3. UNIX; it is capable for handling high volume transactions in a multiuser environment and working with multiple users and processors.it also uses web servers. 4. LINUX; it is capable for secure stable multiuser environment, it is also used on web servers and on super-computers. MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEM; It is an operating system on mobile systems and consume many electronics which provides support to its apps. ANDRIOD OPERATING SYSTEM; it is Linux based operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets and it provides support to its apps. FEATURES OF ANDRIOD OPERATING SYTEM; Google-play app, Google drive app, different pattern locks, NFC technology voice recognition capability etc. I-PHONE OPERATING SYSTEM; It is AN operating system designed by Apple for apple mobile devices and tablets and it provides support to its apps. Apple company devices are; I-phone, I-pad touch and i-pad FEATURES OF I-PHONE OPERATING SYTEM; Voice recognition app, Apple pay Accounts, I cloud, I-tune store, Mac apps etc. WINDOW OPERATING SYSTEM; it is AN operating system designed by Microsoft for apple smart phones.it provides support to its apps. FEATURES OF WINDOW OPERATING SYTEM; providing Drives, use as remote for T.V, Global Catalog Music system, Geo-fencing, Window Phone Store, Wallet App

13 INFORMATION PROCESSES CYLCE; The series of processing information is called information processes cycle. STEPS; It consists of four steps. Which are given below Input Processes Output Storage activity COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER; Computer also needs some components or parts through which it works. Which are also known as HARDWARE. It has some types of components. Which are given below PERI-PHERAL DEVICE; Those extra devices without which computer continues its working. (Scanner. Printer, projector etc.). IN-PUT DEVICE OUT-PUT DEVICE PERI-PHERAL DEVICE STORAGE DEVICE COMMUNICATION DEVICES; Those devices through which we send and receive data instruction and information to one or more than one computer. (E.g. MODEM, WI-FI etc.) ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER; some advantages of computer are given below. 1. SPEED 2. CONSISTENCY NEW CHAPTER 3. STORAGE 4. COMMUNICATION THE SYSTEM UNIT SYSTEM UNIT; this is a metal case which protects the other components of computer such as RAM, PROCESSSER, HARD DRIVE etc.

14 CHASES; This is another name of (system unit).it is made up of plastic and protects the electronic components from damage. FORM FACTOR; It is the size or physical arrangement of computing devices. SWIVEL TYPE; A device that joins the other part in such a way that one part allows to turn without turning other part. PORT; The outer part on the casing of C.P.U in which other devices re attached through the cable or connector. Example; PRO TECHONOLOGY; the capability through which we can track and resolve computer s hardware and software problems. PARALLEL PROCESSING; the processes in which multiple processors are used to carry out single task or program. MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROCESSING; this processes is used especially in super computers in which hundreds of processors are used to carry out a task or program. New chapter; SYSTEM SOFTWARE Application software System software Operating system Utility programs

15 WHOLE INDEX OF Operating system SYSTEM FILE; the processes in which BIOS searches for the specific operating system files. REGISTRY; it consists of several files based on system configuration information. BOOT DISK; A disk from where the personal computer starts specially (drive C) causes of booting. SHUT DOWN PROCESSES; the processes in which we power off the FAULT TOLERANT COMPUTER; the computer that continues to operate without losing data while its components fails. THRASHING; when operating system spends extra time on paging that is called thrashing. PLUG AND PLAY DEVICES; the devices with usb port are called plug and play devices. PROVIDING FILE MANAGEMENT AND OTHER UTILITIES; the operating system provides many utilities to the user such as file management, disk burning, audio videos utilities,new CHAPTER; UTILITY PROGRAMS; A utility provide by the system software to users for performing different tasks related to the computer VIRUS; a type of malware (malicious software) that causes the damage in files and computer VIRUS AUTHOR; the programmer of virus is called virus author TYPES OF VIRUSES

16 MUSIC BUG; it plays few chord of sound a in the computer WORM VIRUS; it copies the files it-self repeatedly in the memory over a network. Using system resources. TROJAN HORSE; it s a type of virus which looks like a screen saver. ANTI-VIRUS PROGRAM; a utility use by the users to save the computer from viruses. TYPES; window live OneCare, virus scan etc. SPYWARE; a utility placed in computer that secretly collects the information without user s permission related to the web habits. ADWARE; a program that displays online in the form of banners, pop-up menus on web pages. SPYWARE AND ADWARE REMOVER; the software which detects and deletes the both programs. INTERNET FILTERS; The filters that block or remove the certain item being displayed. TYPES OF INTERNET FILTERS WEB FILTERING SOFTWARE; the software that restricts the certain materials from web. ANTI-SPAM PROGRAM; the program that removes un-wanted news or posts from your inbox. PHISHING FILTERS; this is a scam performed by un-known users that obtains your financial information. POP-UP- BLOCKERS; this program stops unwanted banners or blogs from appearance on your web page. TYPES OF COMPRESSION LOSSY COMPRESSION; in this type of compression the file compresses by losing its quality. LOSSY- LESS COPMPRESSION; in this type of compression file compresses and it can be return in its original size and shape MEDIA PLAYER; this is a utility through which we can listen or watch videos. PODCAST; The way through we can download or watch audios on the internet. VODCAST; the way through we can download or watch videos on the internet. DISC- BURNING; The utility through which we can re-write, edit or record files, graphics and videos on the CD, DVD or BLUE-RAY DISK SOFTWARE FOR PERSONAL COMPUTER MAINTAINCE; NORTON SYSTEM is the software prepared for the maintaining of personal computer. CHAPTER; 9 COMMUNICATION

17 SUBJECTS SIMPLE DEFINITIONS. COMMUNICATION; the processes of transferring data, instruction or information between two or more than two computers. STEPS FOR COMMUNICATION. SENDING DEVICE; the device through which data is send to the receiver COMMUNUCATION CHANNEL; this is the way on which the data transfers to other person. RECEIVING DEVICE; the device that receives the data from sender. MODEM; this is also a communication device. WIRE-LESS MESSEGING SWRVICE; The way on which user can receive and send wire-less messages through mobile, cell phones game consoles or other type of cell phones. NOTE; Users is authorized to work with the desired cell phone for using wire-les messaging service. TEXT MESSAGING; this is a way used on mobiles to send test as message to any particular person. WAYS FOR USING THIS (1) MOBILE TO MOBILE (2) MOBILE TO (3) WEB TO MOBILE SENDING MESSAGE FROM MOBILE TO MOBILE SENDING MESSAGE FROM MOBILE TO E.MAIL SENDING MESSAGE FROM WEB-SITE TO MOBILE (4) MOBILE TO PROVIDER SENDING MESSAGE BY ENTERNING A COMMON CODE WI-FI; This is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices. WI.MAX; This is a family of wireless communication standards and which provide multiple physical layer (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) options. HOT SPOT; A wireless network that accesses in a point or area.

18 CYBER CAFE; the places like coffee shop or food corners that provide internet facility to their customers. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; the processes in which we determine the geographic location of user through satellite.

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