Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers
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1 Discovering Computers 2008 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers
2 Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term, computer Identify the components of a computer Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web Distinguish between system software and application software Describe the categories of computers Identify the elements of an information system Describe the various types of computer users Discuss various computer applications in society Next
3 A World of Computers What is computer literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses Computers are everywhere p. 4-5 Fig. 1-1 Next
4 What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined? Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Accepts data Raw facts, figures, and symbols Processes data into information Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Produces and stores results p. 6 Next
5 What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle? Input Process Output Storage Communication p. 6 Fig. 1-2 Next
6 The Components of a Computer What is an input device? Hardware used to enter data and instructions Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 p. 7 Fig. 1-3 Next
7 The Components of a Computer What is an output device? Hardware that conveys information to one or more people Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 1 p. 7-8 Fig. 1-3 Next
8 The Components of a Computer What is the system unit? Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data p. 7-8 Fig. 1-3 Next
9 The Components of a Computer What are two main components on the motherboard? Processor Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU) The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer Memory Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions p. 8 Next
10 The Components of a Computer What is storage? Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device Records and retrieves items to and from storage media p. 8 Next
11 The Components of a Computer What is a USB flash drive? Portable storage device Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket The average USB flash drive can hold about 500 million characters p. 8 Next
12 The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk? Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive Most are housed inside the system unit p. 8 Fig. 1-4 Next
13 The Components of a Computer What is a compact disc? Flat, round, portable metal disc CD-ROM DVD-ROM p. 9 Fig. 1-5 Next
14 The Components of a Computer What is a communications device? Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Communications Devices below Chapter 1 p. 9 Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media Next
15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers What are the advantages of using computers? Speed Reliability Consistency Storage Communications p. 10 Next
16 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers What are the disadvantages of using computers? Violation of Privacy Public Safety Impact on Labor Force Health Risks Impact on Environment p Next
17 Networks and the Internet What is a network? Collection of computers and devices connected together Used to share Resources Hardware devices Software programs Data Information Saves time and money p. 11 Next
18 Networks and the Internet What is a server? A server controls access to resources on a network Clients, or workstations, request resources from the server p. 11 Fig. 1-6 Next
19 Networks and the Internet What is the Internet? Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Internet below Chapter 1 p. 12 Fig. 1-7 Next
20 Networks and the Internet Why do users access the Internet? 1. Communications 2. Information 3. Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment 7. Download Music 8. Share Information p Fig. 1-8 Next
21 Networks and the Internet What is the Web? Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages You can share information on a social networking Web site or a photo sharing community A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Social Networking Web Sites below Chapter 1 p A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages A blog consists of timestamped articles in a journal format Next
22 Computer Software What is software? Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it Also called a program p. 15 Next
23 Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? Allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information p. 15 Fig Next
24 Computer Software What is system software? Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs p Next
25 Computer Software Video: Try a Free Operating System CLICK TO START Next
26 Computer Software What is application software? Programs designed to make users more productive Word Processing Database Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Application Software below Chapter 1 p. 16 Fig Next
27 Computer Software How do you install and run programs? Step 1: INSTALL When you insert a greeting card program disc in the CD drive for the first time, the computer begins the procedure of installing the greeting card program on the hard disk. Step 3: USE The greeting card program executes. Using this program, you can create custom greeting cards. Step 2: RUN Once installed, you can instruct the computer to run the greeting card program. The computer transfers instructions from the hard disk to memory. p. 17 Fig Next
28 Computer Software What is a programmer? Someone who develops application or system software Programmer writes the instructions to direct the computer to process data into information JavaScript Web application p. 18 Fig Next
29 Categories of Computers What are the categories of computers? Personal Computers (desktop) Game Consoles Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers p. 19 Next
30 Personal Computers What are the two most popular styles of personal computers? PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system Apple Macintosh usually uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X) Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1 p. 19 Figs Next
31 Personal Computers What is a desktop computer? Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table p Fig Next
32 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a notebook computer? Portable, small enough to fit on your lap Also called a laptop computer Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities p. 20 Fig Next
33 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a Tablet PC? Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen Especially useful for taking notes p. 21 Fig Next
34 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are mobile devices? Small enough to carry in a pocket Internet-enabled telephone is a smart phone p Next
35 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a handheld computer? Small enough to fit in one hand Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people p. 21 Fig Next
36 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)? Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad p. 21 Fig Next
37 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are smart phones? A smart phone is an Internet-enabled telephone that usually provides PDA capabilities Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Smart Phones below Chapter 1 p. 22 Fig Next
38 Game Consoles What are game consoles? Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games p. 22 Fig Next
39 Servers What types of servers are there? A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations p. 23 Figs Next
40 Embedded Computers What is an embedded computer? A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product p. 24 Fig Next
41 Elements of an Information System What are information system elements? Hardware Software Data People Procedures p. 25 Fig Next
42 Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a home user? Personal finance management Web access Communications Entertainment Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Women in Technology below Chapter 1 Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Minorities in Technology below Chapter 1 p. 26 Fig Next
43 Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? Productivity software Specialty software Web usage p. 28 Fig Next
44 Examples of Computer Usage What is available for a mobile user? Hardware Notebook computers Tablet PCs Internet-enabled PDAs Smart phones Software Word processing Spreadsheet Presentation graphics software p. 29 Fig Next
45 Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of a power user? Speed and large amounts of storage Types of power users Engineers Scientists Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists p. 29 Fig Next
46 Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of the large business user? Payroll Inventory E-commerce Desktop publishing p. 30 Figs Next
47 Computer Applications in Society What are some examples of computer applications in society? Education Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Handheld Navigation Devices below Chapter 1 p Figs Next
48 Summary of Introduction to Computers Basic computer concepts The uses of the Internet The term, computer Computer software The components of a computer The advantages and disadvantages of using computers The purpose of a network Categories of computers Types of computer users Computer applications in society Chapter 1 Complete
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