Session 2. >_ {Code4Loop}; Roochir Purani

Transcription

1 Session 2 >_ {Code4Loop}; Roochir Purani

2 RECAP from last session - Computers Overview Evolution of computer, little bit of history Types of Devices, and Concepts of Computers INPUT >> PROCESS >> OUTPUT Understanding of BINARY from Electricity to O s and 1 s Storing information as 0 s and 1 s Optical and Magnetic devices CPU as BRAIN Understanding of Motherboard HANDS-ON : Inside-out of a desktop computer QUIZ REVIEW/ Questions about Last Sessions

3 SESSION 2 Topics Exciting! Understanding Circuits and Logic in Circuits Understanding BINARY Code Need for CODERS and translators!! DEMO - Circuit Design Using LOGISIM Hands-On- Circuit Building using Snap Circuits and LittleBits Cloud Kit and Space Kit

4 Hands-On : Electrical Circuits Understanding ON and OFF using Circuit (Snap Circuit) Turning the Light Bulb on using Circuit

5 Circuits and Logic inside of Circuits Hard wired Fixed Make decisions based on the BINARY States (0 s and 1 s) Picture of a Circuit ADDING in BINARY! (Two states of Electricity) (1) 0 where 1 is carry LOGIC and GATES (1 - Open door 0 - Closed Door) CIRCUIT : all 1 s connected gives you 1 at the end = 11 Explanation: = = 11 TRUTH Tables -> BOOLEAN LOGIC TRUE or FALSE (0 s and 1 s) LABView Software that allows to design Circuits and Logic (Embedded Programming is Programming inside circuits)

6 CODING Circuits Writing CODE in LOGIC (LOGISIM) - FULL ADDER

7 Bit -> Bytes -> Instructions -> Programs 0 s to 1 s Patterns SET OF MACHINE language ASCII Character INSTRUCTION ASSEMBLY PROGRAM Programming language instructions like Java, Python, JavaScript Images and Drag and DROP IF Humans could EASILY Understand the 0 s and 1 s, the digital world would look like this LOW LEVEL, EASY FOR HARDWARE, HARD FOR USERS NEED A TRANSLATOR HIGH LEVEL, HARD FOR COMPUTER, EASY TO USER

8 CODE in BINARY ASSEMBLY PROGRAMMING

9 Simple Program (Instructions) in 0 s and 1 s

10 BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM and BASE 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 = DECIMAL SYSTEM (10 counters) BASE 10 0, 1 = BINARY system (Two counters) - BASE 2 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F = HEXADECIMAL (16 counters) - BASE 16 EXAMPLE NUMBER = 2012

11 Programs Closer to Hardware Operating System (OS) MACHINES need Instructions and that too PRECISE! Programs that understand instructions to help operate the hardware such as Printer or Monitor are written in OPERATING system Microsoft Windows Apple Mac OS Apple ios Google Android

12 Operating system programs are special type of Programs They help translate user applications like Games, Microsoft Word, Presentation software like Powerpoint software, Internet browser like Google Chrome Browser so that they can work on the computer. People like us including You, Me, Parents, Teachers, Company Employees Programs like Python, Microsoft Word, Internet Explorer, Browser, Paint, SIRI, Minecraft, FORZA game on Windows 10, Candy Crush, Microsoft Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Mac OS X, ios 9.2, Android 4.4, Ubuntu Linux, Unix, Raspbian, Kidos, and many more Input Devices like Keyboard, Mouse, Microphones, Camera, Scanner Output Devices like Printers, Monitors, Projectors, Speakers and so on

13 Interacting with the Hardware 0 s and 1 s are too complex for Humans to interpret and type and communicate with computers. Operating systems allows us to communicate with English like instructions or Pictures/images Most operating systems have COMMAND PROMPT text based instructions. Also have GUI Graphical user Interface Pictures and Icons that we can move and click using input devices. Operating System They allow users to INSTALL programs. Without Operating system we cannot install Applications. E.g. downloading an APP from Google Play store or Apple Store is then installed on the Operating system Google Android (For Android phones and tablets) or Apple s ios (e.g. for iphones, and ipads) Kernel is the central program of the Operating system

14 SENSORS are INPUT DEVICES Detecting real-world activities using Sensors Converting the information to something that programs can understand requires us to work with the SENSORS For Example, Light Sensors Detect Light which means we tell if the lights are ON or OFF Presence or absence of light is detected Can also help detect COLOR! For example to read Traffic Light Signal - Red, Green, Yellow Color can be seen detercted using a sensor! Motion Sensors Detect Motion movement Helps computers know if something moved or NOT moving! IDENTIFY SENSOR

15 Understanding The CLOUD Simplest way to understand CLOUD = Internet Functions to do somethings in the Internet Coding using tools online = Cloud Computing CLOUD can be an Input source for our programs! CLOUD can also be an OUTPUT point for our programs! Websites can ACT as Applications e.g. Online Games, , Google Docs, Lead21, Pearson s SuccessNet, and so on.

16 Hands-On - BUILDING CIRCUITS Project Circuit building using Little Bits Project Build a Circuit to send a signal to the phone as TEXT message Use of Light Sensor Use of Cloud (Network) Module Space Kit and Cloudbit Kit

17 Additional resources and references Free Assembler Tool : Mmars From Missouri State University Web based Logic Design All about Circuits information and learning binary mathematics Logic Design using LOGISIM Free LittleBits Circuits Kids for Elementary and Middle schools Snap Circuits Elementary level snap circuit design for Kids