COMPUTER MERIT BADGE TROOP 301 HUTCHINSON

Transcription

1 COMPUTER MERIT BADGE TROOP 301 HUTCHINSON

2 SEARCH ENGINES

3 ONLINE SAFETY 1. Follow your family s rules for going online 2. Protect your privacy 3. Do not open s or files you receive from people you don t know or trust 4. If you receive or discover any information that makes you uncomfortable, leave it and tell your parent. 5. Never agree to get together with someone you meet online

4 ONLINE SAFETY (-continued-) 6. Never share your Internet passwords with anyone 7. Never shop online or enter a credit card number unless you have your parent s permission to do so. 8. Do not believe everything you see or read online. 9. Be a good online citizen.

5 How have Computers affected Society? Personal Impact (Computers in home, , gaming, finances) Community Impact (Employment, traffic control, law enforcement) National Impact (Vote counting, banking, defense, satellites) Global Impact (Exploration of space and sea, worldwide access to data)

6 How have Computers affected Science? Space Exploration Calculations Laboratories Allow much quicker research Automate research

7 How have Computers affected Technology? Computers automate tedious tasks, allowing people to devote more energy to the development of new technology Education

8 HISTORY OF COMPUTERS YEAR COMPUTER TYPE Abacus Slide Rule Mechanical Calculator Punch Cards Babbage s Computer Boolean Logic Hollerith s Tabulator Analog Computer EDVAC ENIAC Transistor Integrated Circuits Univac Microprocessor Altair 8800 Apple II IBM PC Macintosh

9 ABACUS One of the earliest counting devices in Asia and Europe It is still used today for arithmetic: adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.

10 SLIDERULE Used primarily for multiplication and division but not addition or subtraction In the 1970 s the electronic calculator made the sliderule obsolete

11 Herman Hollerith ( USA) constructs first electromechanical adding and sorting machine

12 UNIVAC UNIVersal Automatic Computer Delivered to the US Census Department in March 1951 The first American Computer designed at the outset for business and administration use

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14 Integrated Circuit An integrated circuit is nothing more than a very advanced electrical circuit Consists of resistors, transistors, capacitors and diodes Low cost High performance

15 Explain 4 Different Uses of Computers 1. Entertainment used in devices such as video consoles and DVD players 2. Medical used in devices such as MRI machines, radiology 3. Business Mainframes, Accounting software 4. Appliances Microwave ovens, washing machines

16 Different Uses of a Personal Computer in Your Home 1. Finances track expenses and budget 2. Maps research travel plans for a vacation 3. Weather review local weather when planning an upcoming activity

17 Major Parts of a Computer System Central Processor the brains of the computer. Memory 2 main types are ROM and RAM Controllers and Ports graphic and disk controllers, printer port Input Devices keyboard, mouse, scanner, sensors Storage Units magnetic, optical, flash Output Devices monitor, printers, sound card Connecting Devices modem, ethernet card, wireless card

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19 MEDIA STORAGE CAPACITY Medium Typical Capacity Equivalent Size High-density diskette Zip disk Portable USB flash CD-ROM DVD-ROM Fixed Hard Drive 1.4 megabytes 100 megabytes 128 megabytes 700 megabytes 4.7 gigabytes 80 gigabytes 720 typed pages or 80 seconds of music 50,000 typed pages or 1.6 hours of music 64,000 typed pages or 2 hours of music 350,000 typed pages or 11 hours of music 2.35 million typed pages or 78 hours of music 40 million typed pages or 1,320 hours of music

20 DATA FILES Types of Files Number Text Picture Sound Video File format is identified by its suffix or extension (.txt.doc.jpg.mp3.avi)

21 HOW A COMPUTER STORES NUMBERS A computer only stores 0 s and 1 s A bit is the smallest unit of measurement for digital information 1 byte = 8 bits = h ) 1 kilobyte = 1,024 bytes 1 megabyte = 1,024 kb Computers use binary math (base two), not decimal (base 10) Base = = = 1, = 1,000,000 Base = = = = 1,024

22 TEXT FILES Text is stored using ASCII ( A = 65 in ASCII) ASCII text is stored without any formatting An ASCII file is often referred to as a plain text file and can be read by almost any word-processing file

23 PICTURE FILES Pictures often are stored as a series of small dots called pixels Your monitor might display 1,024 by 768 pixels Color monitors use 3 electronic beams red, green and blue

24 SOUND FILES Sound enters your computer through a microphone or CD player as an analog signal The computer sound card converts this signal to digital When you play back the file, it is sent through a digital-to-analog converter chip

25 VIDEO FILES Faster microprocessors have made it possible for computers to display moving pictures Digital video, even when compressed, uses up enormous amounts of storage space

26 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING A program is a set of instructions that tells a computer how to accomplish a set of tasks Programming languages Early programs were written in machine language Compiler programs convert source code

27 TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES COBOL popular for business-oriented data processing BASIC all purpose language for beginners JAVA object oriented language

28 SOURCE CODE IDENTIFICATION DIVISION PROGRAM-ID. HELLOWORLD * ENVIRONMENT DIVISION CONFIGURATION SECTION SOURCE-COMPUTER. RM-COBOL OBJECT-COMPUTER. RM-COBOL DATA DIVISION FILE SECTION PROCEDURE DIVISION MAIN-LOGIC SECTION BEGIN DISPLAY " " LINE 1 POSITION 1 ERASE EOS DISPLAY "Hello world!" LINE 15 POSITION STOP RUN MAIN-LOGIC-EXIT EXIT.

29 COMPUTER SOFTWARE PACKAGES 1. Word word processing 2. Excel spreadsheets 3. Quicken finances 4. Explorer browse the internet

30 COMPUTER VIRUSES Antivirus programs Firewall Spyware

31 Ways to Protect Your Computer from Viruses Look carefully at return addresses Download a file only if it comes from someone you trust Regularly update antivirus software Don t open that appears to spam or junk mail

32 How to Keep Saved Data Secure Backup your important files regularly Only buy software from trusted sources Use a Firewall

33 WORLD WIDE WEB Network 3 or more computers linked together Internet networks linked together (developed in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee) No one organization controls it Network Access points

34 WORLD WIDE WEB (continued) Packets TCP/IP Internet Protocol Address ( ) Domain Names (scouting.org, hutchtroop301.com)

35 Computer Chip Based Devices Handheld GPS Unit Allows running of Windows operating system and other windows applications Pocket PC Phone Wireless data,

36 Input/Output Devices Input/Output Devices Keyboard, mouse, scanner Monitor, sound card, printer Storage Media Floppy diskettes CD s,dvd s Hard Drive Memory RAM, ROM Flash memory

37 Processor/coprocessor all circuits needed for a computers CPU were put on a single chip Modems dial up or broadband connection to the internet Network Card Ethernet is the most common for local area networks World wide Web/Internet a network of networks Electronic Mail Wi-Fi : short for wireless fidelity

38 Is It Permissible to Accept a Free Copy of Copyrighted Software from a Friend?

39 Is It Permissible to Accept a Free Copy of Copyrighted Software from a Friend? One main restriction of copyright law is that you cannot make unauthorized copies. Making and distributing illegal copies is called piracy.

40 Is It Permissible to Accept a Free Copy of Copyrighted Software from a Friend? Software publishers in a recent year lost more than $2 billion due to piracy.

41 Is It Permissible to Accept a Free Copy of Copyrighted Software from a Friend? The software industry is cracking down on piracy. Every computer has a unique IP address which can be used to track down pirates and bring legal action against them.

42 Restrictions of Downloading Music from the Internet

43 Restrictions of Downloading Music from the Internet When you buy a music CD you do not actually own the content of that product. You own just a copy of the work. You have purchased the right to use that copy with certain restrictions.

44 Restrictions of Downloading Music from the Internet Not all copying is illegal. You can usually make a copy for your own personal use Giving a copy to your friends, however, is a crime Read the software license agreements to make sure

45 LEGAL WAYS TO GET MUSIC/SOFTWARE Music Stores sell songs Shareware can be downloaded or shared legally Freeware can be downloaded and used for free

46 Stress Kit Tech Jokes Printer Problems Computer Monster