Principles and methods for practical work

Transcription

1 Principles and methods for practical work Environmental and Territory Management Master in Environmental Engineering 4th Year, 2nd Semester JOANA FERNANDES DIAS 1

2 CONTENT OVERVIEW INVESTIGATION COMMUNICATION 2

3 INVESTIGATION Getting out of your comfort zone JD Houston 3

4 INVESTIGATION Using different techniques Collection of information Mind mapping Development of interviews Brainstorming Environmental senses Statistical and other data analysis 4

5 INVESTIGATION Using different sources Municipality of Lisbon Google scholar Statistics of Portugal Research gate Pordata (statistics) Library Municipal Master Plan Land Use Planning State Report 5

6 INVESTIGATION SELECT information ANALYSE information RESULTS Use only the relevant one, not all information is relevant If information is not available, use PROXY s Read collected and selected information Write/resume/take notes through out information collection Assess critically results Discuss obtained results Organize information in figures and tables Identify the main results to be presented 6

7 Report structure Cover Table of contents Other tables (figures, tables) Pre-text elements Not numbered i, ii, iii, Introduction Development Conclusion Body 1, 2, 3, References Annexes Post-text elements, 4, 5, 6 I, II, III, / A, B, C, 7

8 Report structure COVER TABLE OF CONTENTS Institution Course Title of the work Group Discipline Teachers 8

9 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Formatting Balance between the number of pages and chapters Not too many section levels Do not use capital letters unnecessarily Respect margins Use Word automatic corrector 9

10 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Formatting Do not separate heading titles from the forward text or the table/figure from the respective legend Do not depend of Word automatic formatting Always use the same font, including in figures/tables legends (smaller dimension but same font). Text in figures/tables/graphs must be coherent with all formation Guarantee that exist a complete fill of the text. 10

11 Common Report Formatting FONT: Arial or similar FONT SIZE: 11 MARGINS: 2,5 cm minimum on each side SPACE: 1,5 PAGE NUMBER: on the bottom rigth 11

12 Examples 12

13 Examples 13

14 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Formatting All figures, tables and graphs have to be numbered and to have a respective legend (legend for figure down, for table above) Use always the term figure (for figures, photography, images e/or graphics) All figures and tables have to be referred in text Respect margins and have special attention to figures and tables 14

15 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Formatting When using two figures side by side, it s easier to use a table (no shape) and format the figures for them to have the same high Figures must have minimum resolution/quality Figures and tables, in general, must not be divided in different pages. In case, it s not possible, legend must be repeated being clearly identified that it s about a figure/table continuation The reference to adapted figures must be: adapted from 15

16 EXAMPLE Direct citation Equal transcription to the one consulted in the document. Must be used in a thoughtful way. Information must always be cited in quotation marks and indicating the page consulted. 16

17 EXAMPLES Indirect citation Interpretation of the reader about the information presented in the document. Zautra et al. (2008) highlight the emerging need to connect the vision, goals, outcomes and indicators of a community with a resilience framework, requiring attention to processes as well as outcomes. SI is needed to build social and ecological resilience due to the complex and constant challenges faced by the economic, political, social and cultural institutions (Westley,2008). 17

18 Citation For both, direct and/or indirect citations, it is necessary to be very careful to avoid plagiarism. 18

19 Citation Citation with ONE AUTHOR Mont (2002) or (Mont, 2002) Citation with TWO AUTHORS Ganga and Carpinetti (2011) or (Ganga and carpinetti, 2011) Citation with THREE OR MORE AUTHORS Authors: Xiao, Y., Zhao, Q., kaku, I. and Xu, Y. Citation: Xiao et al. (2012) or (Xiao et al., 2012) 19

20 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS References Exist several styles of reference formatation. The most important is to always keep the same style Identify all sources of information (books, magazines, thesis, dissertation, reports, internet, ) Bibliographic references must be selected according to its contribution to the work Do not exaggerate in the number of references. They refer to the works cited in the body of the report In the list of references, information given must be exhaustive and consistent 20

21 Examples THESIS BOOK JOURNAL 21

22 Examples CONFERENCE COMMUNICATIONS SITES - INTERNET 22

23 Writing Must be coherent in the verbal time Must be direct and objective Must be careful in all considerations and justify all affirmations Must present and analyse the information in all tables and figures 23

24 Writing Process 24

25 COMMUNICATION Oral Presentations Content Overview Preparation Design Presentation Discussion 25

26 COMMUNICATION Preparation What are the physical conditions of the room? Time? What is expected from me? What are the most adequate means for my presentation? What are the main ideas? Need to make choices Who is the audience? What do I want the audience to remember in the end from my presentation? 26

27 COMMUNICATION Design Use a font size of 20 or more Use always the same font, choosing one that it s not complicated One slide, one idea Be CREATIVE 27

28 COMMUNICATION Presentation Elevator pitch Very concise presentation of an idea covering all of its critical aspects, and delivered within a few seconds (the approximate duration of an elevator ride) Read more: 28

29 COMMUNICATION Presentation Short video 29

30 COMMUNICATION Presentation Press release A press release is an official announcement (written or recorded) that an organization issues to the news media and beyond. Most press releases are succinct at just a page long. Two pages tops. 30

31 AVOID COMMUNICATION Presentation Not enough planning Deficient time management Too much information Vague introduction and conclusion Speak very low 31

32 BIBLIOGRAPGY Module 1 Preparation for Thesis Módulo 1 Aspetos emocionais e interpessoais Module 2 Preparation for Thesis Módulo 2 Desenvolvimento da dissertação Module 3 Preparation for Thesis Módulo 3 Escrita da dissertação e resumo alargado Module 4 Preparation for Thesis Módulo 4 Apesentação e discussão 32