On Chemical and Self-Healing Networking Protocols

Transcription

1 Oly those who attempt the absurd will achieve the impossible. I thik it is i my basemet... let me go upstairs ad check. M.. Escher ( ) O hemical ad Self-Healig Networkig Protocols PhD Thesis Presetatio Thomas Meyer omputer Sciece Departmet, Uiversity of Basel, Switzerlad December 17 th, 2010

2 The Iteret From Fuctioal to Dyamic halleges 2 Seemigly perfect packet delivery service: But very complex dyamical system: millios of computers / applicatios omplexity TP/IP addressig, reliable trasmissio aual growth rate: 30-40% Routig autoomic adaptio to topology chages Protocol Dyamics barely uderstood / side-effect labor cost = 18 x equipmet cost

3 The Iteret From Fuctioal to Dyamic halleges 3 But very complex dyamical system: Desired Properties for the future etwork: omplexity millios of computers / applicatios aual growth rate: 30-40% Protocol Dyamics barely uderstood / side-effect labor cost = 18 x equipmet cost predictable autoomic

4 omputer Networkig Micro/Macro Levels 4 Microscopic Level (fuctioal) Ether Ether IP TP Payload IP TP Payload Node (State Machie) Packet

5 omputer Networkig Micro/Macro Levels 5 Queue Macroscopic Level (dyamical) Packet Flow Microscopic Level (fuctioal) Ether Ether IP TP Payload IP TP Payload Node (State Machie) Packet

6 omputer Networkig Micro/Macro Levels No theory to combie microscopic executio ad macroscopic aalysis 6 Queue Macroscopic Level (dyamical) Packet Flow Microscopic Level (fuctioal) Ether Ether IP TP Payload IP TP Payload Node (State Machie) Packet

7 hemistry Same Micro/Micro Levels 7 Reactio (Flow) Macroscopic Level (dyamical) Molecule Microscopic Level (fuctioal) a O O O Reactio (Structural) a + O O O Molecule (Atoms)

8 hemistry Same Micro/Micro Levels Nature: Emergece of life-like system level properties 8 System Level self-orgaizatio, self-healig, self-* Reactio (Flow) Macroscopic Level (dyamical) Molecule Microscopic Level (fuctioal) a O O O Reactio (Structural) a + O O O Molecule (Atoms)

9 hemistry Same Micro/Micro Levels System level properties ca be explaied by microscopic iteractios 9 System Level self-orgaizatio, self-healig, self-* Reactio (Flow) Macroscopic Level (dyamical) Molecule Microscopic Level (fuctioal) a O O O Reactio (Structural) a + O O O Molecule (Atoms)

10 Mai otributios of this Thesis 10 hemical Metaphor for Networkig Packet = Molecule Protocol = Reactio Network

11 Mai otributios of this Thesis 11 Desig Aalysis Reactio Network Motifs Egieerig Framework Proofs I-Network omputatio Executio Egie Novel Packet Schedulig Method hemical Metaphor for Networkig Self-* Properties Self- Healig Self- Orgaizatio ogestio otrol Protocol Examples Multipath Routig

12 Outlie 12 Motivatio hemical Networkig Protocols Itroductory Example The hemical Metaphor hemical Protocol Egieerig Framework Applicatio ase: 3A A hemical ogestio otrol Algorithm Self-Healig Protocols Robustess to ode Deletio Applicatio ase: Self-Healig Lik-Load Balacig Protocol oclusios

13 Itroductory Example The hemical Metaphor State iformatio is represeted by the cocetratio of molecules 13 Node = Reactio Vessel Value = ocetratio Packet = Molecule

14 14 Itroductory Example The hemical Metaphor Reactios may cross vessel boudary; rate proportioal to cocetratio Reactio We may start with a arbitrary distributio...

15 Itroductory Example The hemical Metaphor The molecules are dispersed over the etwork 15 We always ed with a uiform distributio. The reactio system computes the average.

16 A Artificial hemistry for Networkig Formal Defiitio of the Disperser Protocol 16 Network Graph: G = (V, E)

17 A Artificial hemistry for Networkig Formal Defiitio of the Disperser Protocol 17 Network Graph: G = (V, E) Node: Reactio vessel: cotais a multiset of molecules

18 A Artificial hemistry for Networkig Formal Defiitio of the Disperser Protocol 18 Network Graph: G = (V, E) Set of Molecular Species: S = i, ij i V, (i, j) E Node: Reactio vessel: cotais a multiset of molecules

19 A Artificial hemistry for Networkig Formal Defiitio of the Disperser Protocol 19 Network Graph: G = (V, E) Set of Molecular Species: Node: Reactio vessel: cotais a multiset of molecules S = i, ij i V, (i, j) E Set of Reactio Rules: R = r ij (i, j) E r ij ij + i ij + j

20 A Artificial hemistry for Networkig Formal Defiitio of the Disperser Protocol 20 Network Graph: Node: Reactio vessel: cotais a multiset of molecules v = c x G = (V, E) v = c x Set of Molecular Species: S = i, ij Set of Reactio Rules: R = r ij (i, j) E i V, (i, j) E r ij ij + i ij + j Reactor Algorithm: A Law of mass actio scheduler reactio rate = product of the multiplicity of the reactat species v = c x v ij = c ij x i

21 Law of Mass Actio Scheduler Equilibrium 21 Number of Number of may molecules = high trasmissio rate Node Node Time [s] less molecules = low trasmissio rate Node Node Time [s]

22 Law of Mass Actio Scheduler Equilibrium 22 Number of Number of Node Node Time [s] Node Node Time [s] equal quatity = same reactio rate

23 Formal overgece Proof of the Disperser Protocol Write dow the differetial equatios: ẋ = x + x + x iflow x outflow 2. Fid the fixed poit: ẋ ocetratios do ot chage aymore at equilibrium: v = c x v = c x ˆx = ˆx + ˆx + ˆx local average v = c x ˆx i = j V ˆx j V global average 3. Show that the fixed poit is asymptotically stable Liearize system aroud fixed poit (Jacobia), show that the real part of all eigevalues are egative.

24 The hemical Egieerig Framework Two levels of graularity 24 Macro Level Abstract Distributed Reactio Network Abstract Model: Desig ad Formal Aalysis Micro Level hemical Protocol Software [matchp sed v2 ] []1000 Executio Model: Virtual Machie

25 hemical Protocol Software Fraglets A laguage to express distributed reactio etworks 25 Abstract Model (for desig / aalysis) Executio Model (etwork of Fraglets virtual machies) matchp sed 1 matchp sed 3 [sed 1 ] [sed 3 ]

26 hemical Protocol Software Fraglets A laguage to express distributed reactio etworks 26 Abstract Model (for desig / aalysis) Executio Model (etwork of Fraglets virtual machies) Fraglet = molecule = code/data fragmet = strig of symbols matchp sed 1 matchp sed 3 [sed 1 ] [sed 3 ]

27 Dyamic Equivalece: Executio Abstract Model 27 Abstract Model (for desig / aalysis) Executio Model (etwork of Fraglets virtual machies) matchp sed 1 matchp sed 3 [sed 1 ] [sed 3 ]

28 The hemical Egieerig Framework Two related levels of graularity 28 Macro Level Abstract Distributed Reactio Network Abstract Model: Desig ad Formal Aalysis Micro Level hemical Protocol Software [matchp sed v2 ] []1000 Direct Relatio Executio Model: Virtual Machie

29 The hemical Egieerig Framework Top-dow desig: Dyamics first, fuctioal aspects later 29 Macro Level Micro Level Abstract Distributed Reactio Network Desig Desig hemical Protocol Software [matchp sed v2 ] []1000 Abstract Model: Desig ad Formal Aalysis Executio Model: Virtual Machie

30 The hemical Egieerig Framework Rules ad motifs assist the desiger i sythesizig protocols 30 Desig Macro Level Abstract Distributed Reactio Network Rules (oservatio Laws) Motifs = Desig Patters Desig Micro Level hemical Protocol Software [matchp sed v2 ] []1000

31 The hemical Egieerig Framework Model of both, the protocol ad the uderlyig etwork 31 Desig Macro Level Abstract Distributed Reactio Network Rules (oservatio Laws) Motifs = Desig Patters hemical Models of Network ompoets Desig Micro Level hemical Protocol Software [matchp sed v2 ] []1000

32 Outlie 32 Motivatio hemical Networkig Protocols Itroductory Example / The hemical Metaphor hemical Protocol Egieerig Framework Applicatio ase: 3A A hemical ogestio otrol Algorithm Self-Healig Protocols Robustess to ode Deletio Applicatio ase: Self-Healig Lik-Load Balacig Protocol oclusios

33 ogestio otrol i the Iteret 33 Src 1 Router queue cogested lik Router Dest 1 Src 2 tail drop Dest 2 TP Reo: additive icrease, multiplicative decrease Tx Rate Src 1 badwidth fairess efficiecy Tx Rate Src 2

34 3A A hemical ogestio otrol Algorithm Feedback cotrol of the trasmissio rate 34 "widow" lost regeerate lost packets from seq. r. i AKs src k v ack dest v ic k W L v loss v ack Iteret D v tx k data packet (tagged with seq. r.) v loss

35 3A ompetig for Badwidth agaist TP Network topology for OMNeT++ simulatios 35 A Router queue cogested lik Router A TP c = pkt tail drop b = MBs d = ms TP

36 3A ompetig for Badwidth agaist TP OMNeT++ simulatio results 36 3 A TP Tx Rate hem. Tx Rate [pkt/s] A pkts Tx Rate TP Tx Rate [pkt/s] TP pkts Fairess/ Efficiecy Eciecy/Fairess b b/2 0 b b/2 badwidth b b competitio competitio badwidth b b 0 fairess eciecy... competitio. 0 Time [s]

37 3A + ompetig for Badwidth agaist TP OMNeT++ simulatio results of the improved algorithm 37 3 A + TP Tx Rate hem. Tx Rate [pkt/s] A + pkts Tx Rate TP Tx Rate [pkt/s] TP pkts Fairess/ Efficiecy Eciecy/Fairess b b/2 0 b b/2 badwidth b b competitio competitio badwidth b b 0 fairess eciecy... competitio. 0 Time [s]

38 Outlie 38 Motivatio hemical Networkig Protocols Itroductory Example / The hemical Metaphor hemical Protocol Egieerig Framework Applicatio ase: 3A A hemical ogestio otrol Algorithm Self-Healig Protocols Robustess to ode Deletio Applicatio ase: Self-Healig Lik-Load Balacig Protocol oclusios

39 Traditioal Self-Healig Architecture 39 Feedback cotrol by a exteral Healer module... Healer detect Healer Healer Healer System repair Problem: Ifiite regressio Who is healig the healer?

40 Populatio Dyamics: Balace of Growth ad Death 40 Growth Death populatio size reproductio populatio size limited lifetime limited resources time time populatio size equilibrium perturbatio time

41 Growth i Fraglets The Replicatig Quie Fuctioal Aspect: Self-Replicatig ode 41 A B [op fork fork fork match op ] Active Part match fork fork fork match op Blueprit fork fork fork match op [fork fork fork match op fork fork fork match op ] 2 [fork match op fork fork fork match op ]

42 Growth i Fraglets The Replicatig Quie Dyamical Aspect: Hyperbolic Growth 42 A B umber of A,B hyperbolic growth time Hyperbolic growth ot realistic: Resource (memory) is limited

43 Death i Fraglets Radom Dilutio Flux Memory is limited 43 A B Reactio vessel of fiite volume

44 Death i Fraglets Radom Dilutio Flux Memory is limited; populatio grows 44 umber of A,B vessel capacity Reactio vessel of fiite volume time

45 Death i Fraglets Radom Dilutio Flux Memory is limited; populatio grows util vessel capacity is reached 45 Dilutio Flux umber of A,B vessel capacity Reactio vessel of fiite volume time

46 Growth & Death ode Equilibrium hemical program is self-healig to the destructio of molecules 46. cocetratio... (B)lueprit (A)ctive removed As removed Bs time [s]

47 47 Quatificatio of the Replicatig Quie s Robustess Based o the phase-type distributio of the uderlyig Markov process Mea surv. time E [Tabs][y] (log) age of the uiverse aalytical (Neuts, ) empirical (Fraglets) Vessel capacity N [molecules]

48 Decoratig the Quie with Useful omputatio 48 Replicatig Quie Data-Processig Quie B Blueprit B Blueprit A Active Active D Data A R symbolic comp. Reward replicates autoomously replicates whe processig data

49 A Self-Healig Load-Balacig Protocol Forwardig Quies compete for data packets, replicate with AK rate 49 src v dest Q src, Path p (bw: ) Q dest v D src v v D dest Q src, Path p (bw: b = pkts) v

50 A Self-Healig Load-Balacig Protocol Packets are balaced proportioally to the Quies cocetratio 50 src v dest Q src, Path p (bw: ) Q dest v D src v v D dest Q src, Path p (bw: b = pkts) v Quie!"#$%&'(&$ coc. Tx!98"%<>:87?7= Rate [pkts/s] )$- 0.6 )$, 0.4 )$+ 0.2 )$* /A) 100 /)) 50 A) 0) 5'#"&2#" Remove 6"78!2&83'( 80% of. Quie / %0123("%/4 1 all 9889&:%0-);4 molecules. Quie * %0123("%*4 2! / %098D%>/4! * %098D%>*4 Path 1 Path 30 +) 40 A) 50,) 60 B) 70 -) "%<7= Time [s]

51 Outlie 51 Motivatio hemical Networkig Protocols Itroductory Example / The hemical Metaphor hemical Protocol Egieerig Framework Applicatio ase: 3A A hemical ogestio otrol Algorithm Self-Healig Protocols Robustess to ode Deletio Applicatio ase: Self-Healig Lik-Load Balacig Protocol oclusios

52 oclusios 52 The chemical egieerig framework helps to bridge the micro/macro gap i etworkig. Aalysis: Desig: Executio: Simplified formal aalysis of protocol dyamics Allows to realize ew protocol ideas easily, quickly, ad icremetally Law of mass actio scheduler promotes good equilibrium solutios Systemic Protocol Egieerig Approach Itegrated model for aalysis, desig, ad executio of protocols

53 Future Networkig Predictable ad/or autoomic distributed dyamical systems 53 hemical Networkig maually desiged protocols evolved, self-optimizig protocols Predictable Systems??? Autoomic Systems

54 Thak You! Questios?