Energy Consumption of the Internet

Transcription

1 Energy Consumption of the Internet Jayant Baliga Robert W. Ayre, Kerry Hinton, Wayne V. Sorin, Rodney S. Tucker ARC Special Research Centre for Ultra-Broadband Information Networks University of Melbourne

2 Energy and the Internet Core Network IPTV Network Data Center Metro/Edge Network Access Network Why is Energy Important? Operational Expenditure (OPEX) Greenhouse Impact Energy-limited capacity bottlenecks ( hot spots )

3 Calculating Energy Consumption of the Internet A model to estimate energy consumption of the Internet Core, metro, and access networks Where does the energy go? What happens as traffic grows? Towards an energy efficient Internet

4 Network Energy Model Tier 1 Full-Service ISP Network Metro/Edge Network Core Network Access Network Broadband Network Gateways Fiber Core Router EDFA OXC DSLAM Cu Ethernet Switch Edge Routers Cabinet OLT OLT DSL Fiber PON Splitter Cabinet Cu FTTN Switch Server Server Storage Data Center Storage IPTV Network ONU DSLAM Fiber PtP

5 Estimating Energy Consumption Choose an access data rate (capacity per user) Carry out paper design of network Calculate the power consumed by the network per user Repeat for all access rates Oversubscription Peak access rate sold to user M = Capacity per user ~ 2.5 Mb/s in 28 M = 25 ~.1 Mb/s in 28

6 Power Consumption of IP Network 25 1 core hops 28 Technology Power (W/user) Oversubscription = 25 Today s Internet (~ 2.5 Mb/s) Access (PON) Routers Total Transmission Links 1..5 % of Electricity Supply Baliga et al., Peak Access Rate (Mb/s) 15

7 Power Consumption in Access Networks Access N/W Cabinet Splitter Edge Node Cisco 6513 Wave7 ONT-G1i Cabinet Hitachi 122 Splitter Fiber GPON NEC VF2F6 Cu FTTN VDSL2 NEC AM316 TC Communications TC33 Cisco 453 Fiber Hitachi 122 Cisco ubr112 Axxcelera ExcelMax Axxcelera ExcelMax BTS WiMAX Fiber RF Gateway Node PtP Cu Cisco DCP3 HFC RF Amp

8 Power Consumption in Access Networks 3 2 users per sector M = Oversubscription M= 1 Power Per User (W) 2 1 M = 1 M= 1 HFC WiMAX FTTN M= 1 M = 1 M = 1 PtP 32 Customers M = 32 PON Peak Access Rate (Mb/s) PON FTTH is greenest

9 Some Observations Access network dominates at low rates Network routers dominate at higher rates Transmission Links consume a small percentage of the total power Possible approaches to controlling growth in energy consumption: Improve electronic technology New architectures (Optical bypass) New protocols ( low energy states)

10 Router Capacity Growth 1 Router capacity x 2.5/18 m CRS-1 (~1.3 Tb/s,13.6 kw/rack) X 1993 Performance (~.3 Tb/s/rack) 1216 (~8 Gb/s/rack) Moore s law x 2/18 m CMOS energy efficiency x 1.65/18 m Router energy efficiency improving at 2% p.a. Neilson, JSTQE 26 3% p.a Based on G. Epps, CISCO, 26 Year 28 21

11 The Energy Bottleneck Router energy consumption is reaching the limits of air cooling Cisco CRS-1 (largest core router available) X2 every 18 months Per Rack Neilson, 26 & Deutche Telekom, 27

12 Effect of Efficiency Gains? Technology Power (W/user) Access (PON) Routers Total Transmission Links 1..5 % of Electricity Supply Baliga et al., 28 Peak Access Rate (Mb/s)

13 Improvements in Technology Efficiency 25 Traffic Growth rate = 4% p.a Total Power (W/user) Overall Technology Efficiency Improvement Rate = % p.a Target 5% p.a 1% p.a 2% p.a 1..5 % of Electricity Supply Baliga et al., JLT Peak Access Rate (Mb/s) 15

14 Improvements in Network Architecture Source Optical Bypass Destination Router Bypass Bypass X-connect Total Power Per User (W) Baliga, et al, JLT Efficiency Improvement Rate = 1% p.a. Access Bypass No bypass Peak Access Rate (Mb/s) % of Electricity Consumption

15 Summary Where to in the Future? Energy consumption of the Internet is small (.4%), but will approach 1% in the future Internet energy consumption dominated by Access network today Core network in the future A multi-disciplinary approach is required to build a green Internet: Improved efficiency in electronic and photonic devices Improved architectures