TCOM 608 Optical Communications Cross-listed as ECE 590 Optical Communications

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1 George Mason University School of Information Technology and Engineering TCOM 608 Optical Communications Cross-listed as ECE 590 Optical Communications Version 9/3/15 Course meets Thursday, 7:20-10:00 PM in Nguyen Building, Rm 1107 *** Note: I will be out of town on September 3. First class will be on September 10 th *** This course covers the basic material of fiber optic components, systems, and networks. It is designed to introduce optical networking to students who wish to learn about the subject for high-level planning, business, and management purposes, and also to serve an introduction for engineering majors. The key concepts needed to understand optical communications can be mastered with a modest background which includes a solid high-school mathematics framework, and ideally, some physics and chemistry, though these are not required. Calculus is helpful but also not essential. However, a willingness to work to master unfamiliar concepts is essential, especially for those with more limited backgrounds! Additional material with more mathematical content will be presented for those registered in ECE 590, though mastery of this material will not be required of TCOM students. At the conclusion of the course, students will have a basic understanding of: The physical principles of optical devices and networks How fiber optic components operate How these components work together to create useful fiber optic networks How fiber optic networks are used to create large-scale communications networks How to buy optical communications services and what they cost How all-optical networks will function, and their advantages and problems Basic economics of fiber-based networks The material will be presented as a continuous progression through the semester, starting with the basic physics behind optical components, continuing with a discussion of optical components and their interconnection to make networks, and leading at the end to a discussion of large-scale all-optical networks that represent the future of networking. Class Hours: Thursday, 7:20-10:00 PM Instructor: Dr. Thomas Fowler tfowler@gmu.edu /17/ :32 AM

2 Text: Understanding Optical Communications, Harry Dutton, Prentice-Hall, The book is available online from IBM at d9006e03a9?OpenDocument Or use The book will be supplemented with more up-to-date material as needed in class. Optical Fiber Communications, 4 th edition, Gerd Keiser, McGraw-Hill, 2011 Supplementary Texts (not required-new or old editions acceptable): Fiber Optic Communications, 5 th Edition, Joseph C. Palais, Prentice-Hall, Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, Ramaswami & Sivarajan, Morgan Kaufmann, 1998 Next Generation Optical Networks, Tomsu & Schmutzer, Prentice-Hall Other Useful Books: Optical Switching and Networking Handbook, R. J. Bates, McGraw-Hill, Fiber Optic Reference Guide, David R. Goff, Boston: Focal Press, Optics, Jeff Hecht, Addison Wesley. Any general physics text, such as those of Tipler, Hecht, or Halliday & Resnick. Also, visit the Tektronix web site and download the following: SONET Telecommunications Standards, address (as of 12/11/09): SDH Telecommunications Standards, Cisco has a good paper on waveform encoding: You may wish to apply for a free subscription to Photonics Spectra, a trade journal, Rsoft will give free trials of their optical network design programs if you can make a case to them (don t tell them that you are a student): 9/17/ :32 AM

3 Physics demos relevant to the course may be found at Homework: Problems will be assigned for completion by students. Unless otherwise indicated, students should do their own homework and not collaborate with others. Students are expected to have personal computers and Internet access. A student project will be required. Schedule: The class is scheduled from September 3 rd to December 10th. I will be out of town the week of September 3 rd so first class will be September 10 th. We will make up the material over the course of the semester. Final exam is scheduled for Thursday, December 17 th, 7:20-10 PM. Lecture/homework Posting: All course material will be available on the GMU blackboard site for this course. I will make every effort to post lectures by the Friday before class. Homework assignment and solutions will also be posted there. 9/17/ :32 AM

4 Topics TCOM 608/ECE 590 Week 1: Week 2: Week 3: Week 4: Week 5: Week 6: Week 7: Week 8: Week 9: Overview of fiber optical communications systems. Fundamental drivers behind use of light as a communications medium. History of optical network technology. Basic principles of optics as applied to fiber optic devices. Summary of relevant background from physics. Types of optical fiber and devices, and principles of their operation. Light sources and detectors, light coupling to/from fibers. Types and operation of lasers and LEDs. Photodiodes and other detectors. Distributed networks and fiber components. Optical devices, their operation and fabrication. Modulation of optical signals, formats, receivers. How light is modulated and coupled into optical fiber. Practical limitations on device behavior. Formats used to transmit information using light and optics. Noise and detection. Types of noise and distortion which affects optical signals. Methods of reducing effects of noise and distortion. Optimal detection methods and devices. Optical fiber fabrication. Practical considerations with optical fiber. Test equipment and measurement techniques. Mid-term Exam. Project outline due. Opto-electronic networks: FDDI, Fiber channel, SONET, SDH, Ethernet on optical networks Basic principles of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), including dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), and corresponding architectures. Components required for WDM networks. International standards for WDM networks. Week 10: Basics of fiber optic system design. How fiber optic systems differ from conventional systems. Assembly of a communications network from fiber optic components. Calculation of loss and dispersion. Carrier network architectures Week 11: Data transmission technologies. Packet over SONET/SDH (POS), Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT), MPLS Week 12: Week 13: How optical networking and optical telecommunications services are marketed and sold: what you can buy, how much it costs. Existing and future optical control planes. Static and dynamic IP control planes. Wavelength conversion. Lightpath provisioning. Optical networking in the real world. Business aspects of optical networking. Interaction among technology, finance, human factors. Why better technology doesn t always sell in the marketplace. Future directions in all-optical networks. Free-space optical networks. Scaling limitations of optical networks. Technology directions and impact on design and deployment of optical networks. Coherent networks. 100G and beyond. 9/17/ :32 AM

5 Student Evaluation Criteria There will be a midterm and a final exam. Evaluation weightings will be as follows: Homework. 25% Midterm exam. 30% Final exam. 30% Project 15% Due to many problems in the past, I have implemented new rules for homework and grading. All work must be turned in on time. Late homework will not be accepted; however, you are allowed to miss one homework. If you cannot come to class, you can or fax the homework. If you submit all homework assignments, I will drop your lowest homework grade. If you cannot submit the homework or complete the coursework due to health or other problems, you should consult with the department about dropping the course, or make some arrangement to retake it at a later date. So that there is no misunderstanding, NO CHANGES WILL BE MADE TO FINAL GRADES UNLESS THERE WAS A RECORDING OR CALCULATION ERROR. 9/17/ :32 AM

6 Project The project will build on the proposal submitted at mid-term time. The project should cover a network to be built using fiber optic technology. 1. It should give functional specifications to be met, explain the technology proposed and justify its selection. 2. You should supply details about type of fiber to be used, lasers or LEDs, amplifiers needed, switches needed, multiplexors/demultiplexors, etc. You can also elect to obtain service from a commercial carrier, in which case you will have to determine the cost of the service, cost of access, end user equipment, performance available from the carrier, and similar information. 3. Also, it must give a cost analysis: facilities and equipment (F&E), and operation and maintenance (O&M). 4. Your network can be a local, regional, or national one. 5. The purpose of this exercise is to show that you understand how optical networks operate and how to specify and design them at a high level. 6. Final project due at the end of the semester, in the last class. It should be 5-10 pages, no longer. Some sample papers from earlier years will be posted on the course website. 9/17/ :32 AM

7 Syllabus TCOM 608/ECE 590 Optical Communications Fall, 2015 Week Topics Text Reading 10 September Overview of fiber optical communications systems Fundamental drivers behind use of light as a communications Chapter 1; Appendix B medium. History of optical network technology General background 17 September Basic principles of optics as applied to fiber optic devices. Chapter 2 Summary of relevant background from physics. Types of optical fiber and devices, and principles of their operation. 24 September Light sources and detectors, light coupling to/from fibers. Chapters 3 & 4 Types and operation of lasers and LEDs. Photodiodes and other detectors 1 October Distributed networks and fiber components. Chapter 5 Optical devices, their operation and fabrication 8 October Modulation of optical signals, formats, receivers. How light is modulated and coupled into optical fiber. Practical limitations on device behavior. Formats used to transmit information using light and optics Chapter 7, sec ; Tektronix SONET tutorial (from IEC); Chapter 8, sec /17/ :32 AM

8 15 October Noise and detection. Types of noise and distortion which affects optical signals. Methods of reducing effects of noise and distortion. Optimal detection methods and devices 22 October Optical fiber fabrication Practical considerations with optical fiber Test equipment and measurement techniques Project outline due 29 October Overview of opto-electronic networks FDDI Fiber Channel SONET Ethernet on optical networks ATM on optical networks 5 November Basic principles of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), and corresponding architectures. Components required for WDM networks. International standards for WDM networks 12 November Basics of fiber optic system and network design. How fiber optic systems differ from conventional systems. Assembly of a communications network from fiber optic components. Calculation of loss and dispersion Use of standard protocols and equipment. Carrier network architectures Chapter 7, sec Dutton, Chapter 7, sec. 7.8; Corning tutorial on optical fiber (IEC); Testing PMD from Agilent (IEC); Testing BER from Agilent (IEC) Measuring EDFAs from Agilent (IEC) Dutton, Chapter 8 Synchronous Optical Network from Tektronix (IEC) Synchronous Digital Hierarchy from Marconi (IEC) Optical Ethernet from Luxpath (IEC) Introduction to Optical Transmission from Nortel (IEC) Dutton, Chapter 9. Dutton, Chapter 10 9/17/ :32 AM

9 19 November Data transmission technologies. Packet over SONET/SDH (POS) Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT) MPLS GFP, VCAT, LCAS, OTN 26 November *** No class Thanksgiving Holiday *** 3 December Existing and future optical control planes Static and dynamic IP control planes Wavelength conversion Lightpath provisioning Present state of optical networking in the real world Business aspects of optical networking. 10 December Interaction among technology, finance, human factors Why better technology doesn t always sell in the marketplace Future directions in all-optical networks. Free-space optical networks. Scaling limitations of optical networks. Technology directions and impact on design and deployment of optical networks. Project due 17 December Final Exam 9/17/ :32 AM

Academic Course Description. CO2111 Optical Network and Photonic Switching Second Semester, (Even semester)

Academic Course Description. CO2111 Optical Network and Photonic Switching Second Semester, (Even semester) Academic Course Description SRM University Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering CO2111 Optical Network and Photonic Switching Second Semester, 2014-15