a) Peripheral Interface = Interface Adaptor = Interface Controller

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1 فصل سیزدهم اصول میکروکامپیوترها استفاده ازIC هاي جانبی درس: دکتر رحمتی آدرس و Website براي تکالیف و... : rahmati@iust.ac.ir اين IC ها را از نظر کاربرد به دو دسته مي توان تقسيم کرد a) Peripheral Interface = Interface Adaptor = Interface Controller b) Counters and Timers (CTC) ٢ ١ ١

2 اختصارات همه این IC ها قابل برنامه ریزي (Programmable) هستند DART = Dual Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter شرکت سازنده Serial Parallel SIO = Serial Input / Output Zilog Z8-DART; Z8-SIO Z8-PIO PIO = Parallel Input / Output Intel Motorola USART = (825) ACIA = (685) PPI = (8255) PIA = (682) USART = Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter PPI = Programmable Peripheral Interface ACIA = Asynchronous Communications Interface Adaptor PIA = Programmable Interface Adaptor ٤ ٣ ٢

3 تبدیل Octal Buffer به IC قابل برنامه ریزي بافرهاي سه حالته دوطرفه Logic Symbolic of 74LS245 Bidirectional Octal Buffer CS 74LS245 A B DI 7 Control 7A Register. A 7 A 6 A 5 A 4 A 3.. ٠A 74LS245 7B ٠B A 2 A A DI D Enable DIR G Enable DIR G ٦ ٥ ٣

4 (Logic Pinout) بلاك دیاگرام Z8-PIO پایه ها و نماد Z8 PIO System Data Bus D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D D Z8 PIO (MK 388) A 7 A 6 A 5 A 4 A 3 A 2 A A Port A Control Reg. A Chip Select And Control Signals B/A SEL C/D SEL CE M IORQ RD +5 V GND CLK ARDY ASTB B 7 B 6 B 5 B 4 B 3 B 2 B B Port B Interrupt Control INT IEI IEO BRDY BSTB 2 7 Control Reg. B ٨ ٧ ٤

5 مودهاي کاري Z8 PIO Z8 PIO Modes نحوه انتخاب پورت Selection) Z8 PIO (Port Z8 PIO CE C/D B/A Selected Port Data Port A I/O Byte Mode I/O Bit Mode Data Port B Control Register A Mode 3 Control Register B Mode Mode Mode 2 X X PIO Not Selected Simple Output Output with Interrupt Simple Input Input with Interrupt Bidirectional Data Transfer (Port A only) Individual I/O Lines Can be Set as Input or Output (No-handshakes) ١٠ ٩ ٥

6 نحوه اتصال PIO به سیستم (Interfacing) نحوه اتصال PIO به سیستم (Interfacing) System Data Bus Chip Select And Control Signals D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D D B/A SEL C/D SEL CE M IORQ RD +5 V GND CLK Z8 PIO (MK 388) A 7 A 6 A 5 A 4 A 3 A 2 A A ARDY ASTB B 7 B 6 B 5 B 4 B 3 B 2 B B Port A Port B A 6 A 5 A 4 A 3 A 2 A 7 74LS38 MSB C B 3-to-8 Decoder A o o CS Address Decode Pulse A A Z8 PIO CE C/D SEL B/A SEL Interrupt Control INT IEI IEO BRDY BSTB 2 7 ١٢ ١١ ٦

7 نحوه تعيين ا درس ها نحوه تعيين Mode Control Word در Z8 PIO Z8 PIO Mode Word (Mode Control Word) A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A A اگربايتی که در رجيستر کنترل نوشته مي شود ۴ بيت سمت راست ا ن ۱ باشد ا ن بايت مود کنترل را مشخص می کند. C/D B/A 8 Data Port A D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D D رجيستر کنترل Mode X X Data Port B Control Register A Control Register B Byte Output Byte Input Bidirectional (Port A only) Bit I/O Mode : Don t Identifies Mode Mode : Care Control Word Mode 2: Mode 3: F 4F Mode Control Word Mode Control Word MCW MCW 8F Mode 3 Control Word M2CW CF Mode 3 Control Word M3Cw ١٤ ١٣ ٧

8 استفاد ه از Z8-PIO براي حالت ورودي و خروجی ساده بدون استفاده از سیگال هاي Handshaking Z8 PIO Modes Z8 PIO مثال هشت کليد DIP به پورت A و هفت LED و يک بلندگو به پورت B وصل شده است. دستورالعمل هايي بنويسيد که پورت A را به عنوان input و پورت B را به عنوان output برنامه ريزي کند. پورت A را بخواند و اگر کليد K7 بسته است (لاجيک صفر) در بلندگو ا ژير ايجاد کند در غير اين صورت LED متناظر با ا ن کليد را روشن يا خاموش نمايد. ا درس هاي رجيسترها را از مثال قبل اقتباس کنيد. در برنامه اصلي بايد به طور مرتب سوييچ ها را قبل از به صدا درا وردن ا ژير چک کند. Mode Simple Output Output with Interrupt I/O Byte Mode Mode Simple Input Input with Interrupt Mode 2 Bidirectional Data Transfer (Port Analog) I/O Bit Mode Mode 3 Individual I/O Lines Can be Set as Input or Output (No-handshakes) Eight DIP switches are connected to Port A and seven LEDs and one speaker are connected to Port B. Write instructions to initialize Port A as an input port and Port B as an output port. Read Port A, and if switch K7 is on (logic ), output an emergency signal to the speaker; otherwise, turn on corresponding LEDs at Port B. Assume that the address decoding logic is the same as in Figure 3.5, and the program should continue to monitor the switches before the alarm sounds. ١٦ ١٥ ٨

9 M IORQ RD A A CS System Clock Z8 Data Bus D M IORQ RD B/A C/D CE +5 V Φ GND D 7 A 7 A 6 A Port A 5 A 4 A 3 A 2 A A Z8 PIO Port B ASTB B 7 B 6 B 5 B 4 B 3 B 2 B B 74LS V 68Ω 33Ω K Ω Speaker K 7 K 6 K 5 K 4 K 3 K 2 K K LEDs +5 V Instructions ;The following port addresses refer to Figure 3.5 PORTA EQU 8H ;Port A address PORTB EQU 8H ;Port B address CNTRLA EQU 82H ;Control Register A CNTRLB EQU 83H ;Control Register B LD A, B ;Control word 4FH for Port A OUT (CNTRLA), A ;Write in control register (Initialize port A as Input) LD A, B ;Control word OFH for Port B OUT (CNTRLB), A ;Write in control register B (Initialize port B as Output) READ: IN A, (PORTA) ;Read DIP switches BIT 7,A ;Check Switch K7 (whether it is on or off) JR NZ, LED ;If it is off, turn on LEDs SPEKER: LD A,FFH ;If K7 is on, OUT (PORTB),A ;turn on speaker and turn off LEDs CALL DELAY ;Wait LD A,7FH ;Load for D7, OUT (PORTB),A ;Turn off speaker CALL DELAY ;Wait JR SPEKER ;Repeat speaker output LED: OUT (PORTB),A ;Turn on or off LEDs JR READ ;Continue to check DIP switches ١٨ ١٧ ٩

10 استفاد ه از Z8-PIO براي حالت ورودي با استفاده از سیگال هاي Handshaking سیگنال هاي زمانی PIO براي وضعیت Handshaking درحالت ورودي PIO Input Mode : Timing Waveforms STB RDY INT RD Input Buffer Full Input Buffer Empty استفاد ه از Z8-PIO براي حالت ورودي با استفاده از سیگال هاي Handshaking. The peripheral causes the STB (Strobe) to go low and informs thepio that a data byte has been placed in the input register. 2. The rising edge of the STB activates the interrupt (INT), and the other handshake signal RDY (Ready) goes inactive, indicating that the input register is full. 3. Let us assume that the Z8 and the PIO interrupt flip-flops are enabled, and that the Z8 MPU is set up in the interrupt Mode 2. When the Z8 acknowledges the interrupt request, a preprogrammed 8-bit vector is placed onto the data bus. This vector is combined with the byte in the interrupt register, IR, of the Z8 to form a 6-bit address, and the program is transferred to this memory address to get the address of the service routine. These interrupt activities are not shown in the timing diagram. 4. When the service routine reads the byte from the port, the RDY goes active on the rising edge of the RD signal, indicating that the PIO is ready for the next byte. ٢٠ ١٩ ١٠

11 استفاد ه از Z8-PIO براي حالت خروجی با استفاده از سیگال هاي Handshaking استفاد ه از Z8-PIO براي حالت خروجی با استفاده از سیگال هاي Handshaking سيگنال هاي زماني PIO براي وضعيت Handshaking درحالت خروجي PIO Output Mode : Timing Waveforms WR. When the Z8 executes the OUT instruction, it places the byte in the PIO register and activates the RDY signal, indicating to the peripheral that a byte is available in the register.. When the INT is acknowledged, the program is transferred to the service routine and byte is written into the port. It sets the RDY signal. RDY STB INT Output Buffer Full The RDY stays high until the peripheral sends the STB signal. The rising edge of the STB activates the interrupt, indicating to the MPU that the byte has been received by the peripheral, and that it is ready for the next byte. It resets the RDY signal too. ٢٢ ٢١ ١١

12 استفاد ه از Z8-PIO به عنوان دو پورت یکطرفه با استفاده از سیگالهاي Handshaking استفاد ه از Z8-PIO به عنوان پورت ورودي و خروجی با استفاده از سیگال هاي Handshaking Port A ARDY ASTB for Input Data Bus to Z8-PIO External Input Device Z8-PIO باس واسط Port B Data Bus to External Device BRDY BSTB for Output External Output Device ٢٤ ٢٣ ١٢

13 Interrupt Control Word Definitions of Interrupt Enable Word D7 D6 D5 D4 X X X ففط براي Mode3 استفاه مي شود برای فعال يا غيرفعال کردن وقفه D3 D2 D D / مشخص کننده Interrupt Control Word Interrupt Enable Word Interrupt Control Word D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D D / X X X = Enable Port Used For Interrupt Mode 3 = Disable Port Interrupt Interrupt Control Word Mode,,2 87 or 83 = Enable Interrupt 7 or 3 = Disable Interrupt Interrupt Vector: Interrupt Vector D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D D D = identifies interrupt vector D 7 D = user defined bits ٢٦ ٢٥ Figure 3. D 7 D specify the low-order byte of the interrupt vector ١٣

14 Assuming the same Chip Select logic as in Figure 3.5, write instructions to set up the Z8 MPU and the PIO for the interrupt I/O. Initialize Port A as an input port and Port B as an output port. The addresses of the service routines for Port A and Port B are stored in locations 896H and 898H, respectively. مثال Initialization Instructions ;Setting up Port A as input port with interrupt I/O START: LD A, 4FH ;Control word for Mode OUT (CNTRLA), A ;Initialize Port A as input port LD A, 83H ;Interrupt enable control word OUT (CNTRLA), A ;Enable Port A Interrupt flip-flop LD A, 96H ;Low-order byte of the interrupt vector ;for Port A OUT (CNTRLA), A ;Specify interrupt vector for Port A ;Setting up Port B as output port with interrupt I/O LD A, OFH ;Control word for Mode OUT (CNTRLB), A ;Initialize Port B as output port LD A, 83H ;Interrupt enable control word OUT (CNTRLB), A ;Enable Port B interrupt flip-flop LD A, 98H ;Low-order byte of the interrupt vector ;for Port B OUT (CNTRLB), A ;Specify interrupt vector for Port B - ;Setting up Z8 MPU in interrupt Mode 2 : LD SP, STACK ;Initialize stack pointer LD A, 8H ;High-order address for interrupt vector r LD I, A ;Initialize Z8 interrupt register : IM 2 ;Set up Z8 in interrupt Mode 2 EI ;Enable Z8 interrupt ٢٨ ٢٧ ١٤

15 نحوه کار Z8-PIO به صورت دو طرفه با استفاده از سیگال هاي Handshaking استفاد ه ازپروت A به عنوان پورت دو طرفه با استفاده از سيگال هاي Handshaking در حالت پورت خروجی: ARDY =Output Buffer Full ASTB for Output ) ابتداZ8 در پورت A می نویسد. با این عمل سیگنال ARDY فعال شده و به دستگاه جانبی پر بودن پورت خروجی اعلام می گردد (Output Buffer Full) Port A Z8-PIO باس واسط Data Bus to External Device External Device 2) سپس دستگاه جانبی با فعال کردن ASTB بایت داخل پورت A را می خواند. با این عمل سیگنال ARDY غیرفعال شده Empty) (Output Buffer و به Z8 درخواست وقفه فرستاده می شود. BRDY = Input Buffer Full BSTB for Input 3) در پاسخ به درخواست وقفه Z8 در پورت A می نویسد. با این عمل سیگنال ARDY فعال شده و به دستگاه جانبی پر بودن پورت خروجی اعلام می گردد. Full) (Output Buffer ٣٠ ٢٩ ١٥

16 نحوه کار Z8-PIO به صورت دو طرفه با استفاده از سیگال هاي Handshaking Daisy Chain Interrupt Priority در حالت پورت ورودي: +5 V ) ابتدا دستگاه جانبی با قرار دادن بایت روي BUS واسط و فعال کردن BSTB بایت را در پورت A می نویسد. IEI IEO IEI 2 IEO 2 IEI 3 IEO 3 IEI 4 IEO 4 2 )با این عمل BRDY غیر فعال شده گردد. Full) (Input Buffer در خواست وقفه به Z8 ارسال می PIO - PIO - ٢ PIO - ٣ PIO - ۴ 3) در این موقع Z8 از پورت A می خواند. با این عمل سیگنال BRDY فعال شده به دستگاه جانبی خالی بودن پورت ورودي اعلام می گردد Empty) (Input Buffer ٣٢ ٣١ ١٦

17 Mode3: Bit Mode نحوه تعيين Mode Control Word در Z8 PIO Z8 PIO Mode Word (Mode Control Word) Mode 3 is a bit mode whereby each bit of Port A and Port B can be individually assigned input or output function. The features of this mode are as follows:. Each individual line of the port can be assigned either input or output function by writing a control word in the control register of the port. 2. The handshake signals are not used; Ready (RDY) is kept low, and Strobe (STB) is disabled. 3. Bits are read or written into by use of the normal Read and Write functions of the I/O ports. 4. Individual bits can be masked by writing a mask word in the control register. 5. An interrupt can be generated if a predefined logical combination occurs in the input lines. The logical combination (AND/OR) can be defined by writing an interrupt control word in the control register, and the logic level can be active low or active high. ٣٤ ٣٣ Byte Output Byte Input Bidirectional (Port A only) Bit I/O Figure 3.6 اگربايتی که در رجيستر کنترل نوشته مي شود ۴ بيت سمت راست ا ن ۱ باشد ا ن بايت مود کنترل را مشخص می کند. D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D D Mode X X Mode : Don t Identifies Mode Mode : Care Control Word Mode 2: Mode 3: F 4F 8F CF Mode Control Word Mode Control Word Mode 3 Control Word Mode 3 Control Word رجيستر کنترل بايت اولی که بايد نوشته شود MCW MCW M2CW M3Cw ١٧

18 تعيين Mode Control Word در مود ۳ Z8 PIO = Interrupt Disabled = Interrupt Enabled = OR Function = AND Function Interrupt Control Word D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 / Mask Control Word D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D D = No Mask Word = Mask Word Follows = Active Level Low = Active Level High D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D D Bit is monitored if it is set to for input readings. نحوه I/O Register Control Word = I/O-Select Word = Output = Input ٣٦ بايت دومی که بايد نوشته شود بايت چهارمی که بايد نوشته شود بايت سوم بايد بردار ا درس باشد بايت پنجمی که بايد نوشته شود ٣٥ رجيستر کنترل To set up the PIO in Mode 3 with the interrupt capability, four different words should be written in the control register of the port being used.. Mode control word for Mode I/O register control word to assign input or output function to individual bits. 3. Interrupt control word to define the logic conditions to generate the interrupt. 4. Mask control word to specify a mask word. تذکر: قبل از Enable کردن وقفه بردار ا درس را بايد در رجيستر کنترل نوشت. در IR بايد بايت مناسب (بايت مرتبه بالاتر ا درس ( را نوشت..۱.۲ ١٨

19 سخت افزار لازم مثال Port A of the Z8 PIO is set up in Mode 3 to drive traffic light signals and monitor any conflict between Red and Green lights; these lights should never be on at the same time. Bits A4 to A are set as output lines to drive traffic signal lights and Walk / Don't-Walk signs as shown in Figure 3.3. Bits A7 and A6 are used as inputs to monitor Red (bit A4) and Green (bit A2) lights to prevent both being on at the same time. When both bits A4 and A2 are turned on (logic ) by some error, an interrupt is generated to flash ayellow light and turn off the remaining lights. The address of vector Table for ISR is 872. ٣٨ ٣٧ ١٩

20 ٢٠ ٣٩ ٤٠

21 Instructions ;Initialization of Port A in Mode 3 (As bit-mode) اتصال صفحه کلید ماتریسی ) Keyboard ( Interfacing a Matrix +5 V START: LD A, CFH ;Mode3 control word OUT (CTRLA), A ;Write in control register A LD A, CH ;Control word to set up I/O functions OUT (CTRLA), A ;D7 and D6 Input; D5 D Output LD A, 8H ;High-order address of interrupt vector LD I, A ;Initialize interrupt register I in Z8 LP A, 72H ;Low-order address of interrupt vector OUT (CTRLA), A LD A, F7H ; Interrupt enable; AND logic; Active high; Mask follows OUT (CTRLA), A LD A, 3FH ;Mask to check only D7 and D6 OUT (CTRLA), A LD SP, STACK ;Initialize stack pointer READ: CALL TRAFIC ;Refer to program in section.4 ;Must be modified to match light positions ;Port A should be read after every bit pattern Input Port درس دکتر رحمتي Bus اصول Data ميکروکامپيوتر ها ٤٢ ٤١ From Z8 Data Bus Output Port ٢١

22 Logic Diagram of MM74C Key Encoder Interfacing a Matrix Keyboard Block Diagram of Multiplexed Output Display (Seven Segments) Data Bus Data Lines 5-Bit Binary Code Key Encoder MM74C923 E D C B A X 4 X Four Columns Data Bus P A Output Port A Segment Driver To Interrupt Chip Select Data Available. μf for Key bounce DA OE Y 5 Y OSC Five Rows. μf for Oscillator 5 x 4 Matrix Key Board Data Bus P B Output Port B Digit Driver LED-4 LED-3 LED-2 LED- ٤٤ ٤٣ ٢٢

23 Hardware Alternatives To Multiplexed Display Z8 PIO A 7 A 6 A 5 A 4 A 3 A 2 A A B 7 B 6 B 5 B 4 +5V V V CC GN 6 5 LE V CC 3 8 Fairchild Ω Hewlett Packard HP Segment LED v مینیمم سیستم یک میکروکامپیوتر (Minimal Configuration of a Microcomputer System) Clock Memory Power Generator (ROM, RAM) Supply B 3 B 2 B B +5V 6 VCC Fairchild Hex 4 Decoder Driver LE GN Segment LED v Z - 8 CPU Address Bus Data Bus Control Bus Input Output (I/O) Out In ٤٦ ٤٥ ٢٣

24 (مينيمم سيستم نمونه ( Z8-µP-Family 85 Block Diagram ALE میکروکنترولر 85 PSEN Display PIO INT - Keyboard +5V INT - System Buses (Address, Data, Control) DMA IEI RDY Interrupt control Timer2 (832 / 852) Timer Timer Serial port Other registers 28 bytes RAM (832 / 852) 28 bytes RAM ROM K - 83/832 4K 85 8K Timer 2 (832/852) Timer Timer T2EX* T2* T* T* INT - Z8 CPU INT - INT - IEO W/RDYB - CTC SIO +5V IEI IEO IEI TxCA- TxCB - ZC/TO ZC/TO2 RxCA- RxCB - CPU Oscillator Bus control I / O ports Serial Port PIO =Parallel Input/Output DMA = Direct Memory Access SIO =Serial Input/Output CTC =Counter/Timer Controller RST ALE P P2 P P3 TXD* RXD* Address/Dat a ٤٨ ٤٧ ٢٤

CIDESI Minimal Configuration of a Microcomputer System

CIDESI Minimal Configuration of a Microcomputer System CIDESI 24.9.22 اصول میکروکامپیوترها دانشکده برق دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران :... درس: دکتر رحمتی http://ee.iust.ac.ir/rahmati/index.htm آدرس Email و Website براي تکالیف و rahmati@iust.ac.ir http://eel.iust.ac.ir/rahmati/