CIDESI Minimal Configuration of a Microcomputer System
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1 CIDESI اصول میکروکامپیوترها دانشکده برق دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران :... درس: دکتر رحمتی آدرس و Website براي تکالیف و //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی مينيمم سيستم يک ميکروکامپيوتر Minimal Configuration of a Microcomputer System Clock Generator Memory (ROM, RAM) Power Supply Z - 8 CPU Address Bus Data Bus Control Bus Input Output (I/O) Out In //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 2
2 CIDESI (مينيمم سيستم نمونه ( Z8-µP-Family PIO +5V DMA INT - INT - IEI RDY System Buses (Address, Data, Control) Z8 CPU INT - CTC INT - +5V IEI IEO IEI ZC/TO ZC/TO2 INT - IEO SIO W/RDYB - TxCA - TxCB - RxCA - RxCB - PIO= Parallel Input/Output DMA =Direct Memory Access SIO= Serial Input/Output CTC =Counter/Timer Controller //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 3 BUS - System ASSEMBLY - A ASSEMBLY - B ASSEMBLY - N.... E E E بافر سه وضعيتی BUS //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 4 2
3 CIDESI //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 5 پايه های ) Assignment Z8 CPU ( Pin System Control Lines CPU Control Lines Bus Control Lines M - MREQ - IORQ - RD - WR - RFSH - HALT - WAIT - INT - NMI - RESET - BUSRQ - BUSAK - ) + 5V GND Z - 8 CPU A A A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A A A2 A3 A4 A5 D D D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Address Bus Data Bus //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 6 3
4 CIDESI مدل نرمافزاری Z8 Accumulator A Flags F Accumulator A Flags F B D H Program Counter PC Interrupt Vector I Index Register IX Index Register IY Stack Pointer SP C E L Memory Refresh R B D H C E L Flags: S Z X HX P NC V //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 7 پرچم رجیستر ) Register ( Flag S Z X HX P NC S Sign Flag (:negative)* Z Zero Flag (:Zero) H Half Carry Flag (: Carry from Bit 3 to Bit 4)** P Parity Flag (: Even) V Overflow Flag (:Overflow)* N Operation Flag (:previous Operation was subtraction)** C Carry Flag (: Carry from Bit n- to Bit n, with n length of operand) V *: 2-complement number representation **: used in DAA-operation for BCD-arithmetic //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 8 4
5 CIDESI Z8 Control Signals Machine Cycle M MREQ IORQ RD WR Opcode Fetch(M) Memory Read Memory Write I/O Read I/O Write Interrupt Acknowl. //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 9 //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 5
6 CIDESI تعاریف. Clock عبارت است از یک دوره تناوب اوسیلاتور : T-State سیکل ماشین Cycle) ( Machine : مدت زمان لازم براي دسترسی به حافظه وسایل ورودي-خروجی یا پاسخ به درخواست خارجی (Acknowledge) را گویند. سیکل دستورالعمل Cycle) (Instruction : مدت زمان لازم براي اجراي کامل یک دستورالعمل. تذکر: سیکل ماشین و سیکل دستورالعمل همیشه مضرب صحیحی از -T State هستند. اولین سیکل ماشین هر دستورالعمل Opcode fetch است (M). در Z8 سیکل ماشین حد اقل 4 T-State است. براي نوشتن در حافظه یا خواندن از آن حد اقل به 3 T-State نیاز است. //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی Opcode = OperationCode Instruction Opera nd Instruction Mnemonic ADD A, 5H ADD A, B ADD A, (HL) ADD HL, BC LD A, B LD B, A LD A,AH Opcode C D3 Operand 5 A //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 2 6
7 CIDESI Opcode fetch: LD B, A Fig 3.4 //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 3 LD A, 9FH //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 4 7
8 CIDESI LD (HL), A //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 5 Opcode Fetch Clock M cycle T T2 Tw Tw T3 T4 A - A5 PC Refresh Address MREQ RD D - D8 IN M Wait RFSH //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 6 8
9 CIDESI ايجاد سيگنال های کنترلی برای خواندن از حافظه //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 7 ايجاد سيگنال های کنترلی برای خواندن از حافظه (ادامه) //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 8 9
10 CIDESI مدل سخت افزاری ميکروپروسسور 885A Intel BusReq Wait //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 9 وضع يت سيگنال های کنترلی در م يکروپروسسور 885A S وضعيت S IO/ M Halt X Write Read OpCoFet IntAck //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 2
11 CIDESI نحوه Demultiplex کردن خطوط Data و Adress //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 2 مدل سخت افزاری ميکروپروسسورMC68 موتورولا BUSRQ Data Bus Enable Valid Mem. Adress=MREQ Bus Avalable= BusAck //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 22
12 CIDESI سيکل نوع و ماشين های کنيد تعيين زير را //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 23 سيکل نوع و ماشين های زير را تعيين کنيد //26 اصول میکروکامپیوتر ھا درس دکتر رحمتی 24 2
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