Towards 100% RESS - global markets and regulations

Transcription

1 Towards 100% RESS - global markets and regulations ISC Osaka, 2018 JAN 23 Volker Blandow, TÜV SÜD AG Volker.blandow@tuev-sued.de

2 Since 150 years safety is our business and motivation! Still today, TÜV SÜD stays true to its founding principle of protecting people, environment and property against the adverse effects of technology Employees 800 Locations 62 Countries 2,4 Billion Revenue TÜV SÜD

3 co² concentration (parts per million ppm) Business as usual can t be an option! (impact from COP20 and COP21) critical co² concentration 400 to 450 ppm, 1.7 C goal requires to stay below 450 ppm Today CO ² concentration in the last years iceage iceage iceage iceage year TÜV SÜD

4 CO 2 emissions per Capita [t / capita] Korea North America 15,9 EU-28 8,7 Middle East 7,7 China 6,7 11,3 Japan 9,4 Africa 0,9 India 1,6 Rest of Asia 1,6 Central & South America 2,4 Data source: International Energy Agency TÜV SÜD AG

5 What if the entire world population emitted the same amount of CO 2 as an average European citizen? Today x 10 9 t CO 2 32 x 10 9 t CO x 10 9 t CO 2 Data source: International Energy Agency And what if the entire world population emitted the same amount of CO 2 as a North American? TÜV SÜD AG

6 World Population Growth 10 Billion by 2050 Even more relevant: The affluent population will tripple or even quadrouple by 2050 compared to todays levels! Population (in billions) Million B.C. 7000B.C. 6000B.C. 5000B.C. 4000B.C. 3000B.C. 2000B.C. 1000B.C. 1000A.D A.D. Year TÜV SÜD AG

7 TÜV SÜD

8 The simple mathematics behind the global transition < 1.7 C UN agreed on stabilization of temperature rise that means stabilization of CO 2 -concentration < 450 ppm anually we add another 2.5 ppm to 402 ppm existing concentration 20 0 ppm this leaves us another years to get to increase! TÜV SÜD

9 But what does this really mean? Real Estate Transport Power Supply Industry 0 CO ² 0 CO ² 0 CO ² -90% CO ² by 2050 (industrialized countries!) TÜV SÜD

10 Relevant technologies: Heating,Cooling Ventilation heat/cold exchange Energy storage systems Efficient household appliances Insulations / Isolations / Hi-tec windows Lightweight materials Batteries and fuel cells Power electronics Electric engines PV- / wind power Geothermal-, hydro power TÜV SÜD

11 Real Estate: Plus Energy House (TU Vienna) TÜV SÜD AG

12 Low energy houses, passive houses TÜV SÜD

13 What : options do we have for zero emission transport? ELECTRIC Drive Train Biofuels / Biogas Battery Electric Vehicles Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles CNG / LNG (+Biogas) Hybrids and Plug-in Hybrids Hydrogen IC Engine 500 KG TÜV SÜD AG Folie 13

14 Dynamic encounters: German postal service became a vehicle manufacturer! TÜV SÜD AG

15 TÜV SÜD AG Folie 15 What motivates Governments to push for NEV? Climate change, local pollution / air quality in cities Local pollution / air quality in cities Global technology domination in electric vehicles (NEV) (In) dependence on oil) imports, India spends 80 Billion US$ on oil imports - own production is in decline demand is still growing! Industries: New radical players, keep global market share! Survive!

16 Some reasons are very obvious! Annual oil spending for 50$/barrel 69,4 Billion US$ 100$ /barrel 109,5 Billion US$ TÜV SÜD Slide 16

17 tarewatt hours TÜV SÜD Slide 17 Additional electricity needed for an 100% electrified India! No. of commercial & passenger vehicles in 2015: Roughly 28,9 Mio Travel km/a 14,000 Require 60,3 TWh of additional power!

18 Investment into REN electricity for a 100% electrified mobility in India by solar Question: How much investmend is needed if the complete India road transport system should run on electricity from solar? 24 billion US$ are required to supply 100% electrified mobility in India by solar energy Question. What if the oil spendings of 80 Billion US$/a could be invested in solar power in India? about 110 GW capacity could be extended every year 180 TWh electricity could be generated from that! + wind and solar create local jobs! Source: data: IEA WEO 2017, calculations by Blandow/Füss TÜV SÜD AG Additional power required: 50 TWh Average solar irradiation in India: 1930 kwh/m² per year Average annual PV output: 1610 kwh/kwp Currently installed PV capacity: 9010 MWp Additional Photovoltaic capacity required for 100% mobility electrification: ~ 31 GWp Capital cost (US$ per installed MWp): ~ 780,000 $ / MWp Total investment volume: ~ 24 bn $ TÜV SÜD Slide 18

19 Global Investments into electricity production capacities 18% 5% 33% Energy source Investments 2015 (in billion US$) PV 148 7% Wind 107 Hydro 98 13% 24% Gas 31 Coal 78 Nuclear 21 PV Wind Hydroelectric Gas Coal Nuclear

20 Total investements needed to meet the 2 C Paris target Sector/Area Additional Investment (in trillion US$) Energy Efficiency 23 Renewable Energy supply 16 Buildings 5 T&D, Back-up & Battery Storage 8 CCS, material efficiency improvements & nuclear Fossil fuel & nuclear electricity generation (avoided investments) 1-25 Total 29 Meeting the 2 C target requires investing an additional US$ 29 trillion between 2015 and 2050 The total investment cost is reduced by the avoided investments in the upstream sector and in fossil-fuelled power generation TÜV SÜD

21 TÜV SÜD AG Corporate Presentation Slide 21

22 Share in percent Renewable energy share of gross electricity consumption Germany 45 Renewable energy shares of gross electricity consumption in Germany , ,6 25,8 27,3 30, ,4 4,7 6,2 6,6 7,7 7,6 9,3 10,2 11,6 14,2 15,1 16,3 17,0 20, TÜV SÜD

23 Electricity stock market Germany: Lowest electricity prices since a decade! TÜV SÜD

24 What kind of energy storage systems are needed? high energy storage systems back-up power systems high power systems residential storage systems pumped hydro hydrogen-systems hydrogen-gas-caverns air-pressure storage flow-batteries P2G others... Li-Ion-systems hydrogen-systems flow-batteries others... Li-Ion-systems fly wheels super capacitors others... Li-Ion-systems Lead-acid-systems others... Thermal-systems (water, no electricity) TÜV SÜD

25 Will Elon Musk change the world again? Tesla Power Wall Concept! 10 kwh system, 3 kwp 3500 US$ 7 kwh system, 3 kwp 3000 US$ Is there a market? And Tesla even thinks big: 38,000 pre-orders after three days! 100 kwh system 25k US$ TÜV SÜD

26 Tesla battery system Australia (7 MW / 729 MWh) TÜV SÜD AG Corporate Presentation Slide 26

27 Coal power plant shut down 650 km away from the Tesla RES A few days before official start of operation end of 2017 TÜV SÜD AG Corporate Presentation Slide 27

28 Good news & even better news for REES In a stable grid environment no REES are needed below % REN in the grid (at least below 50%) However, there are further business models for REES Reduced FIT lead to big price gap between FIT and utility electricity prices (buy expensive but sell cheap: In Germany: 28 Cent vs. 11 Cent FIT vs. 5-6 Cent production) Back-up power systems can earn money in stead of just beeing ready (Battery back-up systems are quicker, no pollution, no noise) Not all regions in the world have a stable grid! High Power EV Charging ( kw) needs buffer solutions Regions with flexible tarifs are already today TÜV SÜD

29 Early bird markets for RESS At the moment: Image: Daimler Markets are mainly driven by subsidies. E.g. Germany: 1000 Systems installed in 2016/17 (40% subsidies) Solar (and EV) enthusiasts who just like the idea of storing their PV harvest and use it at night or charge it into their EV over night. Grid operators and utilities are testing the systems despite they re not really needed as of today Some regions have really weak grid conditions (partly e.g. Italy) Some regions already have flexible tarifs also for commercial and private customers. TÜV SÜD AG Corporate Presentation Slide 29

30 Early bird markets for RESS In the near future: Image: ABB Installations of REN still continue soarring. Sooner or later there is an oversupply of electricity at particular weather conditions while not all fossil powerplants can easily reduce or shut down. Countries aiming to become almost 100% supplied by REN soner or later enter a critical transition phase where fast storage systems can guarantee power supply and stability of frequency If flexible electric power tarifs are getting mainstream new business modell will pop up (Store when cheap sell when expensive) Storage systems can even make money without selling in a capacity market. TÜV SÜD AG Corporate Presentation Slide 30

31 Coming markets for RESS In the future: Image: Danish Wind Energy Association With increasing amounts of REN in the grid, grid stabilization, frequency stabilization becomes a necessity Seasonal storage solutions together with P2G technologies might become necessary in regions with an unbalanced build up of REN (a lot of PV, no wind or a lot of wind but no PV) Regions without stabil external electric grid connection (e.g. Japan) might have additional needs for energy storage solutions TÜV SÜD AG Corporate Presentation Slide 31

32 Challenges of (residential) storage systems: Economic success depends on lifetime performance 10 years plus! Local environmental conditions must be specified and testet inside/outside operation Sytems installed in the house have more stabil conditions but saftety requirements and proof of product safety is key to insurance companies fire insurance! There are almost no existing safety regulations for inhouse installations of RESS Serveral countries (e.g. Japan, Germany) issued guidelines for RESS Standards are evolving dynamic environment US standards are slightly ahead e.g. UL 1973 but various additional approvals are necessary (e.g. NFPA 70, ANSIZ 535) Third party test labs have set up various certification schemes e.g. TUV SUD Mark for RESS TÜV SÜD

33 The RESS is not only a battery, it s a system! Container CCU = = Low Voltage Switch Medium Voltage Switch Grid Connection Fuse/Shutter = Inverter Battery Stacks TÜV SÜD

34 Battery Stacks Medium Voltage Switch Low Voltage Grid Connection Switch Inverter Transformer Source: SIESTORAGE, Siemens AG

35 Risk categories that need to be covered by safety/compliance testing Chemical safety Fire protection (energy in the battery) Mechanical integrity Electrical shock protection Electrical safety (incl. short circuit protection, overcharge protection, external short circuit) But also: Overall efficiency Environmental conditions (performance) Life cycle stability Electrical performance (switch times) Output power quality Most aspects are covered in evolving and existing standards incl. national regulations TÜV SÜD

36 The German checklist for Li-ion home storage systems TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 36

37 Legal requirements The legal requirements: are defined by the legislation, e.g. European Commission or US authorities and regional/local requirements like from Fire Safety Authorites belongs to products produced in or imported to the markets are addressing system safety, health and environmental protection. Storage systems must comply in the European Union with the CE marking regulations and related directives, in North America with the listing requirements and the national codes With the CE-mark or listing mark, the manufacturer, his authorized representative or the importer indicate that the product meets the legal requirements. Helpful for the manufacturers are the harmonized product standards. Following this standards, compliance is presumed. (e.g. IEC 63056) For the USA a product standard is available (UL 9540), but further requirements need to be met TÜV SÜD

38 Global market access, recommended strategy: Basic steps of the strategy are: Step 1: Find the applicable directives, standards and regulations Step 2: Determine the applicable conformity assessment module Step 3: Carry out a risk assessment, define measures based on harmonized standards (FMEA, SIL, FUSI ) Step 4: Implement the measures defined at the risk assessment Step 5: Create the technical file (TF) Step 6: Declare conformity and do the CE-marking / apply for UL 9540 compliance Advantage: Proven in use methodology Applicable for all markets Will be required by the revised LVD Helps to minimize risks to forget essential requirements TÜV SÜD AG Corporate Presentation Slide 38

39 Your checklist: Content of the Technical File (TF) The TF includes the following reports and documents: the general description of the product; general arrangement drawing the list of standards and essential requirements that are met the risk (matrix, FMEA) assessment to identify health and safety requirements the design and fabrication drawings detailed technical information on key aspects of the product; reporting of calculations and tests description of control philosophy/logic wiring, circuit diagrams, parts list certificates and test reports manuals for installation, user, maintenance, for series production, the internal rules that are adhered to ensure accordance with the Directive(s) specifications, datasheets for sub-assemblies and their DoC`s quality control & commissioning procedures Declaration of Conformity (DoC) TÜV SÜD

40 The IEC standards for energy storage system The IEC standards (most items are covered by the new IEC standard) 1. IEC Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems Part 1: General requirements; 2. IEC Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems Part 2: Particular requirements for inverters, 3. IEC Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) Part1: General and safety requirements for UPS; 4. IEC Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements for UPS; 5. IEC Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements for UPS; 6. IEC Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) Part 4: Environmental aspects- requirements and reporting for UPS; 7. IEC Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications; 8. IEC Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications ; TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 40

41 IEC the umbrella standard for industrial applications The IEC covers general risks in industrial applications: Hints for design in regards to wiring, venting, thermal management Tests for foreseeable misuse (short circuit, impact, drop, thermal abuse, overcharge, forced discharge) Internal short circuit test either on cell level or on system level (propagation) System safety tests (tests of the control of the system in overcurrent, overtemperature and overvoltage state) Additional standards for the specific use cases, are under discussion at the moment TÜV SÜD Greater China Slide Nr.

42 Some test requirements out of the IEC standard: - Non-metal parts need to be resistant to abnormal heat - Requirements for case material - Short Circuit test for installation (low SOC, quite high resistance up to 100mOhm) - Insulation requirements - False polarity test (one module in false polarity and check the reaction of the battery) - Drop tests - Overdischarge Control Test TÜV SÜD Greater China Slide TÜV SÜD Battery Service Introduction

43 Household energy storage systems PPP 59034A:2014 PCS With PV input: IEC , IEC Without PV input: IEC Grid connection IEC: IEC 61727, IEC Germany: VDE V , VDE AR N 4105 Stand-alone: N/A Battery Lithium ion battery: IEC TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 43

44 The technical requirements of industrial energy storage systems Container requirements Transportation requirements Battery systems with BMS evaluation PCS (safety and synchronization) Illumination system Air-conditioning and ventilation systems Fire-extinguishing systems Controlling systems Earthing systems Access control systems Electrical wiring Safety manual Noise IP code TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 44

45 Industrial energy storage systems service provided by TÜV SÜD PPP 59044A:2015 Document review System documents Component documents Documents of wiring system Documents of Grid code compliance Installation manuals and user instructions Construction Check Protection against electrical shock Protection against mechanical hazard Earthing system PV power system Verification Testing Insulation resistance test Earth continuity test Voltage test IP code test TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 45

46 Certification marks provided by TÜV SÜD IEC certification Cell Battery systems BMS function safety evaluation Factory surveillance IEC IEC certification Cell certification for IEC Battery systems certification for IEC Cell or battery systems certification for IEC Factory surveillance Energy storage systems PCS Energy conversion systems Certification for ESS synchronization Cell certification for IEC Factory surveillance TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 46

47 Our global network of REES and battery test labs CANADA GERMANY U.S.A. Japan CHINA SOUTH KOREA SINGAPORE Toronto, Canada Auburn Hills, USA *) Garching, Germany *) Shenzhen, China Singapore *) Suwon, Korea Utsunomiya, Japan Complete service portfolio for cell, module and system testing Complete service portfolio for cell, module and system testing Performance, environmental and abuse testing on cell and module level system level in 2015 Performance and environmental testing on cell, module and system level *) ISO/IEC accredited test lab or accreditation in 2015, Issuance of CB certificate / report possible Performance testing on cell, module and system level, Abuse test on cell level Environmental and abuse test on cell, module and pack level TÜV SÜD

48 What else TUV SUD has to offer? Experience in Safety - and Abuse-Testing! We testet more than 6000 batteries (types) so far! In case of fire/venting/explosion energy density (especially thermal energy content) is getting more severe with larger batteries (exponential growth!) e.g. 20 kwh vs. 80 kwh Safe Conditions! High Level Experts! Environmental Attention! (also at testing!) TÜV SÜD

49 TÜV SÜD Battery Labs Large scale battery safety testing up to 800 kg Safe, Professional & Clean Testing! TÜV SÜD

50 TÜV SÜD also frequently uses NLAB Osaka for severe safety testing TÜV SÜD AG Corporate Presentation Slide 50

51 Testing equipment is getting bigger and bigger! ESPEC/ TUV SUD Japan Battery lab TÜV SÜD

52 Power levels increase further 2 x 400 kw (800 kw max.) Battery Cyclers! Large (and safe) chambers! TÜV SÜD

53 High power short circuit testing (temperature stable) 70 ka (max) Resistor bank (Short Circuit Test) TÜV SÜD

54 We crashed many large scale battery systems up to 800 kg TÜV SÜD

55 We conducted various safety testing for US NHTSA (road safety authority) TÜV SÜD

56 Case 1: providing global access solutions for Samsung energy storage system Samsung, Korea Business challenges Lack of international standards for ESS Serving for PCS, battery and systems Exports to Europe and Australia Solutions The standard of PPP 59034:2015 about EES was written by TÜV SÜD The standard covers electrical safety, grid compliance, electrochemical safety, function safety evaluation and EMC of ESS On the basis of gaining European certification, ESS applies for Australian certification. Customer s benefit ESS can be certified for specific standard. The certified product includes component and system. The product certification will reduce safety risk. The certified product will gain higher recognition in the market. TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 56

57 Case 2: providing global access solutions for BYD energy storage system BYD, China Business challenges The product was exported to Europe, Australia and Russia. Solutions Cell certification for IEC System certification for IEC The product was certified for European market and complies with European regulation. Gain Australian and Russian certification by adding the differentiated test items. Customer s benefit Help customer enter European, Australian and Russian market. Modularized product certification help to reduce test items for the modularized derivatives product. TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 57

58 Case 3: providing global access solutions for Pylon High and low voltage energy storage system Pylon, China Business challenges International certification for industrial energy storage systems. Solutions The cell and module tests are according to IEC Function safety was evaluated according to appendix H of IEC The system was certified with the main control module and a simulated machine. Customer s benefit Help the customer to enter international markets. TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 58

59 Second life battery systems for commercial applications Suitable for one specific battery type Plug and Play Connection / Communication Incl. Cooling system SOH check via BMS (incl. History) Activlely managed by special operator Only change complete packs (or modules) System should be close to vehicle decommissionig / wrecking Intermediate step before recycling Standardised systems packs (1-4 MW) Grid 59TÜV SÜD

60 Second Life Battery project Lünen (Smart Electric Batteries) Image: The Mobility House 60

61 Thank you For a safer and greener future! TÜV SÜD

62 Dangerous goods categories classified at UN 38.3 TÜV SÜD Greater China 2017/08/31 Introduction to Energy Storage System Service Provided by TÜV SÜD Slide 62