Proceedings of the Fourth International Cryocooler Conference

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1 Proceedings of the Fourth nternational Cryocooler Conference Easton, MD Sept , 1986 Edited by Geoffrey Green, George Patton, and Margaret Knox David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis, MD Sponsored by David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis, MD

2 UNCLASSFED SECURTY CLASSFCATON OF THlS PAGE ' la. REPORT SECURTY CLASSFCATON UNCLASSFED Za. SECURTY CLASSFCATON AUTHORTY Zb. DECLASSlFlCATlON DOWNGRADNG SCHEDULE REPORT DOCUMENTATON PAGE 1 b RESTRCTVE MARKNGS 3. DlSTRleUTlON l AVALABLTY OF REPORT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 4. PERFORMNG ORGANZATON REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONTORNG ORGANZATON REPORT NUMBER6) 6a. NAME OF PERFORMN OR ANZATON 6b. OFFCE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONTORNG ORGANZATON David ~aylor ~ava!l rip? (~f applicable) ~esearch & ilevelopment Center Rethesda, MD (Code c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZPCode) 7b. ADDRESS(City, State, and ZPCode) 8a. NAME OF FUNDNG /SPONSORNG ORGANZATON 8b. OFFCE SYMBOL (f applicable) 9. PROCUREMENT NSTRUMENT DENTFCATON NUMBER 8c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDNG NUMBERS PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. PROJECT NO. TASK NO WORK UNT ACCESSON NO. 11. TTLE [nclude Security Classificationf PROCEEDNGS OF THE FOURTH NTERNATONAL CRYOCOOLERS CONFERENCE 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Green, Geoffrey; Patton, George; and Knox, Margaret, Editors FRO~ n) lkbf ~ctoger 13r. TYPE OF REPORT 13b TME COVERED 14. D T OF REP RT ( r, Month, Day) Proceedings jff 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATON 7 1 1, nfrared Det. *h:- electronic COSATl CODES 18. SUBJECT TER (Continue on reverse if necessary a d identify by block number) P - Crycoolers, ryogenics, Cryopumps, Helium,?tors, Refrigeration, Supercondctors, /&o\ \ 19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necewry a d identify by Mock number) \ Aw*vment contains the proceedings of the Fourth Cryocooler Conference for syst,., pmc -..- and sensors, Crvocoolers-4 bas \ held September 25 and 26, 1986, in Easton, Naryland. About pe, resen t-i&+ 11 ir countries, 14 universities, 21 governman*,.,,-..- l=horatries and 60 industrial companies. -one papers were -~.. describing advancements and applications of cryocoolers in the temperature d UNClASSlFEDNNLMTED a SAME AS RPT. DTC USERS 228. NAME OF RESPONSBLE NDVDUAL Nichael J. Su~erczvnski -- - DO FORM MAR 83 APR ed~t~on may be used untd exhausted All other ed~t~ons are obsolete UNCLASSFED 22b. TELEPHONE (nclude Areacode) Z2c. OFF1 E SYMBOL Code 5712 SECURTY CLASSFCATON OF THS PAGE +U.S. Oonrnmmt Crlnllm Offm 08B+ 141 UNCLASSFED

3 PREFACE This docr~ment contains the procee.dings of the Fourth Cryocooler Conference for electronic systems and sensors. Cryocoolers-4 was held September 25 and 26, 1986, in Easton, Maryland. About 170 people attended, representing 11 countries, 14 universities, 21 government laboratories, and 60 industrial companies. Thirty-one papers were presented, describing advancements and applications of cryocoolers in the temperature range below 80 K. Key words: cryocoolers, cryogenics, cryopumps, helium, infrared detectors, ref rigeration, superconductors This document contains the proceedings of the Fourth nternational Cryocooler Conference, which was hosted by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center and held in Easton, Maryland, on September 25-26, The first of the cryocooler conferencss was held in 1980 at the National Bureau of Standard. in Boulder, Colorado. nitially, this conference was designed to get the scientific and engineering community together to discuss the lastest devel- opment and advances in refrigeration for cryogenic sensors and electronic systems at temperatures below 20 K. The temperature range was increased to 80 K for the Second and Third Cryocooler Conferences, held at NASA Godd.L.d Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland (1982) and National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado (1984). The scope of the Fourth nternational Cryocooler Conference covered the scientific and technological development of small closed-cycle refrigerators and components appljcable in the temperatures below 80 K. Some 170 participants from 11 countries, 14 universities, 21 foreign and domestic government laboratories, and 60 private ind~st rial companies attended. vii

4 Thi rty.-one technical papers were presented, decri bing advancements in many areas of cryocool.er technology. These presentations of cryogenic systems included discussions of magnetic ref rigerators, absorption coolers, space coolers, squid coolers, pulse tube ref rigerators, and hybrid systems. applications of these cryogenic systems were presented. Two special attractions on The fj.rst was a videotaped performance of an infrared detection system installed on an A-6 fighter plane. This system had taken pictures of the Annapolis, Maryland area. The second was a film describing the development of the Japarlese magnetically levitated high speed train. The development and application of a small, compact, reliable and ~fficient cryocooler is essential if cryogenics is to become state-of-the-art technology. To this end, we feel that the papers presented at Cryocoolers-4 and included in this proceedings show significant progress in cryocooler technology. The Editors viii

5 NOTE ON THE CKYOCOOLER USEK EXPERENCE DATA COLLECTON CENTEK UNVERSTY OF CALGARY ALBERTA, CANADA A Center Eor compilation and ccllation of cryocooler user experience has been established in the Department qf?techanical Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada by Professor Graham Walker. Cryocooler users?re invited to contriboce their experience to the Center - both good news and bad news is welcore. Tc facilitate rompi!atior it would be helpful if the contributions rould be prepared in the following format : Cryocooler Type: - Mode 1 No. : -- Manufacturer: Application: Experience: Name and addresslcontact pctson or service representative. What is the cryocooler used for (no more than 112 psge typed) Annual operating hours. Duty cycle (period ot continuous running). Maintenance requirements: 1) scheduled 2) unscheduled Failure modes - type and reasons for sys tern being non-ope ra t ional. Operating TimeElapsed Time between failure (defined as system not operational). Any other relevant information. Any contributims submitted will be strictly confidential and need not be identified when submitted. t would, however, be useful to have the contributor's name and telephone number for further information if required. The data collected will be summarized and published annually in the technical press or by direct mail from the Center. Contributors will automatically be sent a copy of the annual report following their submission. Copies of :he annual report will be available to anyone else for a small postage/ handling fee. Contrlbutfons should be subrriitted to: Dr. Graham Walker Dept. of Mechanical Engineering The Uni-~ersity of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 (403)

OTIC. OTIC FILE Copy AN O(LOG N) TIME COMMON CRCW PRAM ALGORITHM FOR MINIMUM SPANNING TREE. AD-A Cb TIFE. Applied Computation Theory CTE

OTIC. OTIC FILE Copy AN O(LOG N) TIME COMMON CRCW PRAM ALGORITHM FOR MINIMUM SPANNING TREE. AD-A Cb TIFE. Applied Computation Theory CTE October 1990 ULU-ENG-90-2250 ACT-114 Applied Computation Theory OTC CTE.419,90 AD-A228 740 Cb TFE OTC FLE Copy AN O(LOG N) TME COMMON CRCW PRAM ALGORTHM FOR MNMUM SPANNNG TREE Michael M. Wu Coordinated