Prehistory, History, Present, Future. Lenuţa Alboaie
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1 Prehistory, History, Present, Future Lenuţa Alboaie Computer Networks 1
2 Prehistory Origins of the Internet The desire to communicate (also remote) First instruments: language and speech Communication form: written effects Writing on rocks, cave walls, papyrus Remote communication? Fire signals Morse Code 19 th century: electricity and telegraph 2
3 History Origins of the Internet 1837 Charles Babbage designs first computer 1863 Jules Verne: "photo-telegraphy allowed any writing, signature or illustration to be sent faraway - every house was wired" 1891 Ada Lovelace first program for Babbage machinery 1936 Alan Turing describes Turing machine 1939 HP is founded (Bill Hewlett, David Packard) 3
4 History Origins of the Internet : first communication's attempts using packet-switching 1961: Kleinrock proposed a theoretical model 1964: Baran implemented the communication among US military computers 1967: ARPAnet was projected by Advanced Research Projects Agency 1969: first operational node ARPAnet, a network formed by 4 computers 4
5 History Origins of the Internet 1972: public demonstration of ARPAnet technologies NCP (Network Control Protocol) the first hosthost protocol First program for electronic mail ( ) The is introduced ARPAnet contains 15 nodes 5
6 History Origins of the Internet : The Internetworking concept appeared. Also, proprietary networks appeared. 1973: DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) interconnected networks; Robert Metcalf (Hardvard) developed Ethernet technology that allowed data transfer using coaxial cable 1974: Cerf si Kahn proposed a communication protocol entitled TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) 1978: TCP/IP protocols stack was standardized via RFC (Request For Comments) documents In the late of 70s: proprietary networks stacks appeared: DECnet, SNA, XNA 1979: ARPAnet contained 200 nodes 6
7 History Origins of the Internet : new protocols, the network number was increasing, Internet 1983: TCP/IP was used 1982: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) was defined 1983: DNS (translation of host name into IP address and vice versa) appeared 1985: FTP(File Transfer Protocol) protocol appeared 1986: Internet backbone appeared 1988: some congestion control mechanisms for TCP were introduced 7
8 History & Present Origins of the Internet >2000->2016: World Wide Web, new commercial network applications Early 90: World Wide Web After the late 90 -> present : Global Networks Wireless networks Commercial applications of the Internet instant messaging, P2P file sharing social networks, video-streaming, cloud-computing, 8
9 Present Figure. Hosts number form January 1994 till January 2018 Source: 9
10 Past Tabel. INTERNET USAGE STATISTICS - The Internet Big Picture Figura. Internet Users in the World by Regions December 2013 Source: 10
11 Present Table. Internet usage statistics relative to the number of people in the main geographic areas of the world Figure. Internet users in the world - geographically divided June 2017 Source: 11
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14 Present Computer Network course Weeks
15 The future Computer Network course Week14-15
16 Resources Internet Society: FNC Federal Networking Council: InternetWorld Stats: Internet Systems Consortium: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): Cisco Systems: :) wqmgcfufkwgodz8gl9a 16
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