Before You Begin. and Visual Basic 1

Transcription

1 Contents Preface Before You Begin xxiii xli 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and Visual Basic Introduction What Is a Computer? Computer Organization Early Operating Systems Personal Computing, Distributed Computing and Client/Server Computing Hardware Trends Microsoft s Windows Operating System Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages Visual Basic C, C++, Java and Visual C# Other High-Level Languages Structured Programming Key Software Trend: Object Technology The Internet and the World Wide Web Extensible Markup Language (XML) Introduction to Microsoft.NET The.NET Framework and the Common Language Runtime Test-Driving the Visual Basic Advanced Painter Application (Only Required Section of the Case Study) Software Engineering Case Study: Introduction to Object Technology and the UML Wrap-Up Web Resources 23 2 Dive Into Visual Basic 2008 Express Introduction Overview of the Visual Studio 2008 IDE Menu Bar and Toolbar 41

2 x Contents 2.4 Navigating the Visual Studio IDE Solution Explorer Toolbox Properties Window Using Help Using Visual Programming to Create a Simple Program that Displays Text and an Image Wrap-Up Web Resources 64 3 Introduction to Visual Basic Programming Introduction Displaying a Line of Text Creating Your First Program in Visual Basic Express Displaying a Single Line of Text with Multiple Statements Adding Integers Memory Concepts Arithmetic Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators Using a Message Dialog to Display a Message (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Examining the ATM Requirements Document Wrap-Up Web Resources Introduction to Classes and Objects Introduction Classes, Objects, Methods and Instance Variables Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class Declaring a Method with a Parameter Instance Variables and Properties Value Types and Reference Types Initializing Objects with Constructors Validating Data with Set Accessors in Properties (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying the Classes in the ATM Requirements Document Wrap-Up Control Statements: Part Introduction Algorithms Pseudocode Control Structures 165

3 Contents xi 5.5 If Then Selection Statement If Then Else Selection Statement While Repetition Statement Do While Loop Repetition Statement Do Until Loop Repetition Statement Compound Assignment Operators Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetition Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements Formulating Algorithms: Nested Repetition Statements Visual Basic Programming in a Windows Forms Application (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Attributes in the ATM System Wrap-Up Control Statements: Part Introduction Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition For Next Repetition Statement Examples Using the For Next Statement GradeBook Case Study: Select Case Multiple-Selection Statement Do Loop While Repetition Statement Do Loop Until Repetition Statement Using Exit in Repetition Statements Using Continue in Repetition Statements Logical Operators (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Objects States and Activities in the ATM System Wrap-Up Methods: A Deeper Look Introduction Modules, Classes and Methods Subroutines: Methods That Do Not Return a Value Functions: Methods That Return a Value Shared Methods and Class Math GradeBook Case Study: Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters Notes on Declaring and Using Methods Method Call Stack and Activation Records Implicit Argument Conversions Option Strict and Data-Type Conversions Value Types and Reference Types Framework Class Library Namespaces Passing Arguments: Pass-by-Value vs. Pass-by-Reference 289

4 xii Contents 7.14 Scope of Declarations Case Study: Random-Number Generation Case Study: A Game of Chance Method Overloading Optional Parameters Recursion (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Operations in the ATM System Wrap-Up Arrays Introduction Arrays Declaring and Allocating Arrays Examples Using Arrays Allocating an Array Initializing the Values in an Array Summing the Elements of an Array Using Arrays to Analyze Survey Results Using Bar Charts to Display Array Data Graphically Using the Elements of an Array as Counters Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation Passing an Array to a Method For Each Next Repetition Statement GradeBook Case Study: Using an Array to Store Grades Sorting an Array with Method Sort of Class Array Searching Arrays Searching an Array with Linear Search Searching a Sorted Array with Array Method BinarySearch Rectangular Arrays GradeBook Case Study: Using a Rectangular Array Variable-Length Parameter Lists Jagged Arrays Changing the Size of an Array at Execution Time: Using the ReDim Statement Passing Arrays: ByVal vs. ByRef (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Collaboration Among Objects in the ATM System Wrap-Up Introduction to LINQ and Generic Collections Introduction Querying an Array Using LINQ Introduction to Collections 408

5 Contents xiii 9.4 Querying a Generic Collection Using LINQ Deitel LINQ Resource Center Wrap-Up Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look Introduction Time Class Case Study Class Scope Object Initializers Default and Parameterless Constructors Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors Partial Classes Composition Using Me to Access the Current Object Garbage Collection Shared Class Members Const and ReadOnly Members Object Browser Time Class Case Study: Creating Class Libraries Time Class Case Study: Extension Methods Delegates Lambda Expressions Anonymous Types (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System Wrap-Up Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance Introduction Base Classes and Derived Classes Protected Members Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class Creating a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class without Using Inheritance Creating a CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using Protected Instance Variables CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using Private Instance Variables Constructors in Derived Classes Software Engineering with Inheritance Class Object 521

6 xiv Contents 11.8 Friend Members Wrap-Up Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism Introduction Polymorphic Video Game Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior Abstract Classes and Methods Case Study: Payroll System Class Hierarchy Using Polymorphism Creating Abstract Base Class Employee Creating Concrete Derived Class SalariedEmployee Creating Concrete Derived Class HourlyEmployee Creating Concrete Derived Class CommissionEmployee Creating Indirect Concrete Derived Class BasePlusCommissionEmployee Demonstrating Polymorphic Processing, Expression TypeOf Is, TryCast and Downcasting Summary of the Allowed Assignments between Base-Class and Derived-Class Variables NotOverridable Methods and NotInheritable Classes Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces Developing an IPayable Hierarchy Declaring Interface IPayable Creating Class Invoice Modifying Class Employee to Implement Interface IPayable Modifying Class SalariedEmployee for Use in the IPayable Hierarchy Using Interface IPayable to Process Invoices and Employees Polymorphically Common Interfaces of the.net Framework Class Library (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Incorporating Inheritance and Polymorphism into the ATM System Wrap-Up Exception Handling Introduction Exception-Handling Overview Example: Divide by Zero Without Exception Handling Example: Handling DivideByZeroExceptions and FormatExceptions Enclosing Code in a Try Block Catching Exceptions Uncaught Exceptions Termination Model of Exception Handling Flow of Control When Exceptions Occur 589

7 Contents xv 13.5.NET Exception Hierarchy Class SystemException Determining Which Exceptions a Method Throws Finally Block Exception Properties User-Defined Exception Classes Wrap-Up Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms Introduction Windows Forms Event Handling A Simple Event-Driven GUI Another Look at the Visual Studio Generated Code Delegates and the Event-Handling Mechanism Other Ways to Create Event Handlers Locating Event Information Control Properties and Layout Labels, TextBoxes and Buttons GroupBoxes and Panels CheckBoxes and RadioButtons P ictureboxes ToolTips NumericUpDown Control Mouse-Event Handling Keyboard-Event Handling Menus MonthCalendar Control DateTimePicker Control LinkLabel Control ListBox Control CheckedListBox Control ComboBox Control TreeView Control ListView Control TabControl Control Multiple Document Interface (MDI) Windows Visual Inheritance User-Defined Controls Wrap-Up GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation Introduction 726

8 xvi Contents 15.2 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) XML Basics Structuring Data XML Namespaces Declarative GUI Programming Using XAML Creating a WPF Application in Visual Basic Express Laying Out Controls General Layout Principles Layout in Action Event Handling Commands and Common Application Tasks WPF GUI Customization Using Styles to Change the Appearance of Controls Customizing Windows Defining a Control s Appearance with Control Templates Data-Driven GUIs with Data Binding Wrap-Up Web Resources WPF Graphics and Multimedia Introduction Controlling Fonts Basic Shapes Polygons and Polylines Brushes Transforms WPF Customization: A Television GUI Animations (Optional) 3-D Objects and Transforms Wrap-Up Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions Introduction Fundamentals of Characters and Strings String Constructors String Indexer, Length Property and CopyTo Method Comparing Strings Locating Characters and Substrings in Strings Extracting Substrings from Strings Concatenating Strings Miscellaneous String Methods Class StringBuilder Length and Capacity Properties, EnsureCapacity Method and Indexer of Class StringBuilder 854

9 Contents xvii Append and AppendFormat Methods of Class StringBuilder Insert, Remove and Replace Methods of Class StringBuilder Char Methods Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation Introduction to Regular Expression Processing Simple Regular Expressions and Class Regex Complex Regular Expressions Validating User Input with Regular Expressions Regex Methods Replace and Split Wrap-Up Files and Streams Introduction Data Hierarchy Files and Streams Classes File and Directory Creating a Sequential-Access Text File Reading Data from a Sequential-Access Text File Case Study: A Credit-Inquiry Program Serialization Creating a Sequential-Access File Using Object Serialization Reading and Deserializing Data from a Sequential-Access Text File Wrap-Up XML and LINQ to XML Introduction Document Type Definitions (DTDs) W3C XML Schema Documents Extensible Stylesheet Language and XSL Transformations LINQ to XML: Document Object Model (DOM) LINQ to XML: XML Axis Properties LINQ to XML: XML Literals and Embedded Expressions XSLT with Class XslCompiledTransform Wrap-Up Web Resources Databases and LINQ to SQL Introduction Relational Databases Relational Database Overview: Books Database SQL Basic SELECT Query WHERE Clause 993

10 xviii Contents ORDER BY Clause Retrieving Data from Multiple Tables: INNER JOIN INSERT Statement UPDATE Statement DELETE Statement LINQ to SQL LINQ to SQL: Extracting Information from a Database Creating LINQ to SQL Classes Creating Data Bindings More Complex LINQ Queries and Data Binding Retrieving Data from Multiple Tables with LINQ Creating a Master/Detail View Application Programming with LINQ to SQL: Address-Book Case Study Wrap-Up Tools and Web Resources ASP.NET and ASP.NET AJAX Introduction Simple HTTP Transactions Multitier Application Architecture Creating and Running a Simple Web-Form Example Examining an ASPX File Examining a Code-Behind File Relationship Between an ASPX File and a Code-Behind File How the Code in an ASP.NET Web Page Executes Examining the XHTML Generated by an ASP.NET Application Building an ASP.NET Web Application Web Controls Text and Graphics Controls AdRotator Control Validation Controls Session Tracking Cookies Session Tracking with HttpSessionState Case Study: Connecting to a Database in ASP.NET Building a Web Form That Displays Data from a Database Modifying the Code-Behind File for the Guestbook Application Case Study: Secure Books Database Application Examining the Completed Secure Books Database Application Creating the Secure Books Database Application ASP.NET AJAX Traditional Web Applications Ajax Web Applications Examining an ASP.NET AJAX Application New ASP.NET 3.5 Data Controls 1130

11 Contents xix Wrap-Up Web Resources Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) Web Services Introduction WCF Services Basics Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Representational State Transfer (REST) JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Publishing and Consuming SOAP-Based WCF Web Services Creating a WCF Web Service Code for the WelcomeSOAPXMLService Building a SOAP WCF Web Service Deploying the WelcomeSOAPXMLService Creating a Client to Consume the WelcomeSOAPXMLService Consuming the WelcomeSOAPXMLService Publishing and Consuming REST-Based XML Web Services Creating a REST-Based XML WCF Web Service Consuming a REST-Based XML WCF Web Service Publishing and Consuming REST-Based JSON Web Services Creating a REST-Based JSON WCF Web Service Consuming a REST-Based JSON WCF Web Service Blackjack Web Service: Using Session Tracking in a SOAP-Based WCF Web Service Creating a Blackjack Web Service Consuming the Blackjack Web Service Airline Reservation Web Service: Database Access and Invoking a Service from ASP.NET Equation Generator: Returning User-Defined Types Creating the REST-Based XML EquationGenerator Web Service Consuming the REST-Based XML EquationGenerator Web Service Creating the REST-Based JSON WCF EquationGenerator Web Service Consuming the REST-Based JSON WCF EquationGenerator Web Service Wrap-Up Deitel Web Services Resource Centers Silverlight, Rich Internet Applications and Multimedia Introduction 1202

12 xx Contents 23.2 Platform Overview Silverlight Runtime and Tools Installation Building a Silverlight WeatherViewer Application GUI Layout Obtaining and Displaying Weather Forecast Data Custom Controls Animations and the FlickrViewer Images and Deep Zoom Getting Started With Deep Zoom Composer Creating a Silverlight Deep Zoom Application Audio and Video Isolated Storage Silverlight Demos and Web Resources Wrap-Up Data Structures and Generic Collections Introduction to Data Structures Linked Lists Stacks Queues Trees Generic Collections Overview Generic Collection Class LinkedList Generic Collection Class Dictionary Generic Collection Class SortedDictionary Generic Classes and Methods Motivation for Generic Methods Generic-Method Implementation Type Constraints Overloading Generic Methods Creating a Generic Stack Class Wrap-Up 1285 A Operator Precedence Chart 1295 B Primitive Types 1297 C Number Systems 1299 C.1 Introduction 1300 C.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers 1303 C.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers 1304 C.4 Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal 1304

13 Contents xxi C.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal 1305 C.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two s-complement Notation 1307 D ATM Case Study Code 1312 D.1 ATM Case Study Implementation 1312 D.2 Class ATM 1313 D.3 Class Screen 1318 D.4 Class Keypad 1319 D.5 Class CashDispenser 1320 D.6 Class DepositSlot 1321 D.7 Class Account 1322 D.8 Class BankDatabase 1324 D.9 Class Transaction 1326 D.10 Class BalanceInquiry 1328 D.11 Class Withdrawal 1329 D.12 Class Deposit 1333 D.13 Module ATMCaseStudy 1336 D.14 Wrap-Up 1336 E UML 2: Additional Diagram Types 1337 E.1 Introduction 1337 E.2 Additional Diagram Types 1337 F ASCII Character Set 1339 G Unicode 1340 G.1 Introduction 1341 G.2 Unicode Transformation Formats 1342 G.3 Characters and Glyphs 1343 G.4 Advantages/Disadvantages of Unicode 1343 G.5 Unicode Consortium s Website 1344 G.6 Using Unicode 1345 G.7 Character Ranges 1347 H Using the Visual Basic 2008 Debugger 1352 H.1 Introduction 1353 H.2 Resolving Compilation Errors 1353 H.3 Breakpoints and the Continue Command 1356 H.4 DataTips and Visualizers 1361 H.5 The Locals and Watch Windows 1362

14 xxii Contents H.6 Controlling Execution Using the Step Into, Step Over, Step Out and Continue Commands 1365 H.7 Other Debugging Features 1369 H.7.1 Edit and Continue 1369 H.7.2 Exception Assistant 1372 H.7.3 Just My Code Debugging 1372 H.7.4 Other Debugger Features 1372 H.8 Wrap-Up 1373 Index 1377