Geohumanities and the Digital Silk Road

Transcription

1 Geohumanities and the Digital Silk Road Asanobu KITAMOTO, National Institute of Informatics Collaborator: Yoko NISHIMURA, Toyo Bunko /07/08 GeoHumanities 1

2 Digital Silk Road Project Started in Digital Humanities: Collaborative work = informatics + humanities scholars. Databases and digital resources are publicly accessible on the Web /07/08 GeoHumanities 2

3 Toyo Bunko Rare Books Digitization of 203 books, pages. Collection of relevant academic references. Manual input of captions and TOCs. OCR for full-text search (with errors) /07/08 GeoHumanities 3

4 Dealing with Heterogeneous Data Text Map Photograph Gazetteer 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 4

5 Linking Entities Across Sources Textual criticism Textual source A Place name S? Textual criticism Textual source B Place name T Place name U Geographic And Visual Relationship Data Source C, D, E Data criticism Place name V 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 5

6 Qianlong Map (Beijing) 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 6

7 Massive Geometric Correction Huge size = W 13 m x H 14 m Many sheets = 203 sheets in total Massive pixels = 29 billion pixels Control points + lines: We proposed a new geometric correction. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 7

8 Discovery and Digital Survey Discovery: 5 sheets have misarrangements due to improper reconstruction in the past. Digital Survey: Place-names were checked to make a comprehensive gazetteer. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 8

9 Stein Map (Silk Road) Stein s map Innermost Asia was registered and displayed on Google Earth satellite images. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 9

10 Problem of Missing Ruins Missing Ruins Yārkhoto Bezeklik Kara-khōja Toyuk Sirkip Chong-hassār, Kichik-hassār Lukchun Oi-tam, ruined fort Bögan-tura Buluyuk ( Shipang, Sassik-bulak, Kazma ) Murtuk-ruins Yoghan-tura Chikkan-köl Bedaulat s town, Bēsh-kāwuk, Kosh-gumbaz Yutōgh 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 10

11 Error Distribution of Maps Error Distribution of Innermost Asia, Aurel Stein, Errors are bigger for longitude due to the limitation of survey technology around /07/08 GeoHumanities 11

12 Estimating the Current Location Estimated error: west-southwest 5.6 Murtuk Ruins Bezeklik Temple Ruins Based on the error information of maps, we estimate the location of Murtuk Ruins at. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 12

13 Matching Entities M.D. a C c M.C. b d M.B. M.A. B Stein s map and satellite images for the same area. Each source reports different ruins due to different conceptualization. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 13

14 Photographs as Evidence ( ) Murtuk Ruins (M. B. I) Murtuk Ruins (Ruined Shrine M. C. I) 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 14

15 Grünwedel Map (Gaochang) How to use the previously untrusted map? 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 15

16 Incosistencies in Gaochang Maps Aurel Stein Albert Grünwedel 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 16

17 Topological Map Source: Tokyo Metro Co. Ltd. / /07/08 GeoHumanities 17

18 Registration of Maps Geometric Correction Interactive Georeferencing Map 1 Map 2 Map 1 Map 2 A D D C B C B A A D A D A D B C C Register B B C All points are registered. Shapes are distorted. Single point is registered (but no other points). Shapes are not distorted. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 18

19 Mappinning (Map+Pinning) /07/08 GeoHumanities 19

20 Topological Interpretation Inner Wall Inner Wall RQS E ν μ Where is ν and μ? We have multiple candidates Search for a road in north of γ and ο, and a road between the inner wall to the wall gate. Hypothesize the location of ν and μ (to be verified later). Maps designed for navigation purposes should preserve the topology, not to get lost when visiting there again. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 20

21 Gate Y K χ X Viewpoint from α to east MIK B 1278, IDP Database Gate α X K χ Y Gate 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 21 Grünwedel Map Stein Map

22 γ α β Grünwedel Map Stein Map Temple γ β Tempel γ, seen from Tempel α Le Coq, Chotscho, Tafel 70, l 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 22

23 Most Ruins are Identified Linking expedition results to recent surveys may lead to new interpretations. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 23

24 Stein Placename Database place names in Innermost Asia maps (still adding new names not in the Index). 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 24

25 Beijing Placename Database place names in the Qianlong Map, manually identified and classified. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 25

26 Plan for the Ruin Database Text Book Linked Data Concept Map Fig. Tab. Ruin Resources are linked by unique IDs. Photo 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 26

27 Different Conceptualization Source X and Y may have different concepts on ruins. Ruin A in X Ruin E in Y Ruin C in Y Ruin D in Y Ruin B in X 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 27

28 GeoNLP (Geo+NLP) Task: Named Entity Recognition Extract and disambiguate place names from natural language text. Do you like London? I like Bath. Ambiguous = Multiple interpretations. We have many places in the world named London. Bath is a city or a hot spa? Geo/Non-Geo disambiguation and Geo/Geo disambiguation. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 28

29 Public resources for placenames GeoNLP Framework Text or HTML for input into JSON-RPC API Natural Language Morphologic. Analysis Gazetteer Morph. Anal. Pattern Matching Collaboration Registration Update costs Test Sample GeoNLP Server Placename Extraction Placename Resolution Failed Response in JSON format or use it as CMS modules Metadata Annotation 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 29

30 Open Data and Software Cycle Open data: sharing place name gazetteers. Open software: sharing source codes. Linked open data (GeoLOD) using D2RQ. Goal: ecosystem for data infrastructure. 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 30

31 Data Criticism Approach Numerical data Spatial data (map) Visual data (photo) Spatial / visual evidences for historical studies. Data Criticism Inquiry Historical Fact Digital Tools: Computational Algorithms and Databases 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 31

32 Digital Silk Road Project Website Toyo Bunko Digital Archive Silk Road Maps Contact: Asanobu KITAMOTO : kitamoto@nii.ac.jp 2014/07/08 GeoHumanities 32