Digital Transformation of Power Delivery

Transcription

1 Digital Transformation of Power Delivery Keynote Speech Professor Saifur Rahman, PhD Virginia Tech, USA IEEMA Engineer Infinite Conference, Delhi NCR, India, 14 March 2018 Traditional Electricity Delivery System Source: Chapter 3, Quadrennial Technology Review 2015, Dept. of Energy 2 1

2 Evolution of the Electric Power Grid Source: Chapter 3, Quadrennial Technology Review 2015, Dept. of Energy 3 A Modern Electric Power Grid Must be Desired Attributes of the Modern Electric Grid Resilient Reliable Secure Flexible Sustainable & Affordable Affordable 4 2

3 Key Areas of Digital Transformation ØTransmission System Monitoring and Control ØDistribution System Automation ØAdvanced Metering Infrastructure ØDemand Response ØUtility Customer Service 5 Phasor Measurement Unit Ø The development grid infrastructure has lagged the growth in demand in many parts of the world Ø Consequently, transmission lines and distribution systems are being operated at or close to their maximum/critical loadings Ø Making them sensitive to system perturbances and vulnerable to man-made and natural hazards Ø Resulting in blackouts and cascading failures across wide areas Thus making it necessary for the deployment of a tool enabling rapid situational awareness and system analysis as well as measurement and control over a wide-area, i.e., the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) 6 3

4 Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) GPS Satellite DA Distribution Automation (Relays, Re-c losers, Meters, etc.) PMU Phasor Measurement Unit PDC Phasor Data Concentrator GPS link for precision time synchronization Communication network (SONET Fiber, Wireless, etc.) Distribution Automation link (Fiber, Ethernet, Serial, etc.) PMU-3 PMU-2 DA Wide Area Management System Control Center Data visualization PMU-1 PDC Typical PMU Implementation in a Grid (IEEE 14-bus test system) 7 Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) Some Advantages of PMUs Enhance Observability of the Grid Speed up system recovery during outage PMU Facilitate Model Validation Facilitate Congestion Management Add Robustness to State Estimation 8 4

5 Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) PMU Implementation USA and India 1380 networked PMUs installed between 2007 and 2015 under the Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) program, a 10-fold increase in PMUs 60 PMUs and 10 PDCs were installed in the first PMU pilot project and operational by Operated by POSOCO Source: SGIG Report Currently over 2500 networked PMUs and over 100 PDCs nationwide 1672 PMUs and 60 PDCs planned for installation under the Unified Real time Dynamic State Measurement (URTDSM) Project is underway Source: NASPI S our ce: POSOCO India 9 Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) PMU Implementation USA and India Source: North American Synchrophasor Initiative, 2017 Source: Synchrophasors-Initiative in India, Power System Operation Corporation, June

6 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) SCADA Ø Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for monitoring and controlling a power system in real time as well for collecting and processing data from sensors (RTUs) placed throughout the system. Ø Serves as platform for generation dispatch and transmission system management Image Source: SAS System Automation Service Ø Mostly limited to the specific power system or control area 11 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCADA Systems are Evolving! SCADA capability is being greatly enhanced as most of the devices connecting to it, such as remote terminal units, sensor instrumentation and protection gear, are now PMU-enabled. Ø SCADA are able to display PMU data from neighboring control areas effectively becoming Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) Ø SCADA are now able to observe system conditions such as voltage and frequency oscillations Ø SCADA state estimation is more robust and actually becoming state measurements as synchrophasors are readily available. 12 6

7 Distribution System Automation Distribution Automation is an integrated system that uses digital sensors and switches with advanced control and communication technologies to automate feeder switching; voltage and equipment health monitoring; and outage, voltage, and reactive power management. (Source: Distribution Automation: Results from the SGIG Program, September 2016) Substation and Feeder Automation Fault Detection Isolation Restoration Voltage and Reactive Power Management Voltage Regulation Power Factor Correction Load Balancing 13 Distribution System Automation The Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) project of 2009 kick-started the deployment of Distribution Automation systems across utilities in the United States. Distribution Automation Equipment installed under SGIG Remote Fault Indicators 13,423 Smart Relays 11,033 Automated Feeder Switches 9,107 Automated Capacitors 13,037 Automated Voltage Regulators 10,665 Transformer Monitors 20,263 Automated Feeder Monitors 4,

8 Distribution System Automation Typical Distribution Automation Field Devices Remote Fault Indicator Automated Feeder Switch Automated Capacitors Smart Relay Transformer Monitor Automated Voltage Regulator 15 Advanced Metering Infrastructure An integrated system of smart meters, communication networks, and data management systems that enables twoway communication between utilities and the customer (Source: Advanced Metering Infrastructure and Customer Systems: Results from the SGIG Program, September 2016) Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Smart Meters Communication Network Meter Data Management Systems 16 8

9 Advanced Metering Infrastructure, USA 49 million smart meters installed between : * 16 million through the SGIG Project and * 33 million by utilities Source: Advanced Metering Infrastructure and Customer Systems: Results from the SGIG Program, September 2016 Over 70 million installed by end of 2016 * Residential: 62.4 million * commercial: 8.1 million * Industrial: 343 thousand * Transportation: 1,345 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics and Analysis 17 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Components of AMI Smart Meters kwh, kw, kva, kvar, Power Quality (sag/swell) Remote connect/disconnect, Prepay, Outage Reporting, Voltage Monitoring, Tamper Detection Real-time Monitoring, Load Profile, Bi-directional Metering Communicati on Networks/ Protocols Radio, WiMAX, Cellular GPRS, Fiber Optics Broadband on Power Line (BPL), Power Line Carrier (PLC) ZigBee, Zwave, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet, Modbus, BACnet Meter Data Management System Collect, Load interval data from smart meters Validate, estimate, edit (VEE) data Run daily billing cycle, Forecasts, Analytics Customer Service (billing, load profile data, website) Distribution System Planning Support 18 9

10 Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMI Outage Detection and Management Ø Smart meters transmit a time-stamped last gasp notification to the AMI system when power is lost to the meters Ø The automatic outage notifications enable distribution system operators to identify outage areas accurately dispatch crew quickly Ø Smart meters also transmit notification when power is restored to the meters Ø AMI Outage Detection and Restoration Notifications help 19 A Typical Electricity Outage Map 20 10

11 Demand Response or Distribution Automation Load Controllers Communication Networks Demand Response Enabling Technologies Distributed Energy Resources Advanced Metering Infrastructures Building Energy Management Systems 21 Demand Management to Demand Response The Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) project of 2009 was instrumental in the deployment of Demand Response enabling technologies. Demand Response Equipment installed under SGIG Direct Load Control Devices 413,734 Programmable Communicating Thermostats 262,183 In-Home Displays 21,228 Energy Management Systems 2,379 Smart Appliances

12 Demand Response Direct Load Controller Programmable Communicating Thermostat 23 Timely Service Restoration 24 12

13 Thank You Professor Saifur Rahman