Airport Engineering Lectures

Transcription

1 Basc Concepts I-4 Landng & Take-off Operatons Landng & Take-off Operatons 1. Landng. 2. Take Off. Runway Length Regulaton Requrements (FAR 25 & 21) 1

2 I-5 Runway Length Factors affectng R/W length Components: FS (full strength), CL (clearway), SW (stopway) Regulatons: Length for, - Normal T/O (FS & CL) - Engne falure T/O (FS & CL) - Engne falure aborted T/O (FS & SW) - Landng (FS) Determnaton of R/W length Notes: Crtcal Arcraft - wng span - Tre pressure, T/O weght - Heght - No. of passengers Calculaton of Runway Length (FAR 25 & 21) 2

3 Runway Length Balanced Feld Length Illustraton of Declared Dstances 3

4 Illustraton of Declared Dstances Determnaton of Declared Dstances 4

5 Basc Concepts I-5 Runway length 1. Factors Affectng Runway length 1. Arcraft Performance Characterstcs. 2. Landng & Take Off Gross Weghts of the Arcraft. 3. Arport Elevaton. 4. Maxmum Temperature. 5. Runway Gradent. 6. Runway Surface Condton. 2. Determnaton of Runway Length Basc Runway Length ISA (Internatonal Standard Atmosphere) -Sea Level. -Standard Temp. at Elevaton. -No Gradent. -Dry Surface. Requred Runway Length 2.1 Use of Arcraft Performance Curves & Charts (FAA/AC Manuals) a- For Landng e.g. fg 2.5 For Boeng seres b- For Take-Off -Landng Weght + Elevaton Runway Length Correct for wet surface + 5~9% -Take-Off Weght + Range + Temperature (Maxmum) +Elevaton Runway Length Correct for Gradent + 10% for each 1% Effectve Gradent. 5

6 -Landng Weght + Elevaton Runway Length Correct for wet surface (+ 5~9%) Clmb lmted weght 6

7 2.2 Correcton of Basc Runway length for local condtons L landng = L B landng Fe F w L TO = L B TO Fe Ft Fg Only for Runway Codes 2,3,4 LB: Basc Length Requred for the Crtcal Arcraft at Standard Atmosphere of Temp (ISA). Fe= 0.07 E/ Where E = Arport Elevaton (m) Ft= 0.01 [ To ( (E)) ] + 1 T0 = Reference Temp (ºC). Fg = (0.10 G + 1) Monthly Mean of the Daly Max Temp for the Hottest Month. Where G= Effectve Runway Gradent = ( h/l) 100 F w = 1.05~1.09 7

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11 I-6 Settng out of Runway Orentatons 1. Factors Affectng Runway Orentaton 1. Maxmum Allowable Crosswnd (Trackng) 2. Prevalng Wnd Velocty & Drectons 11.5 mph for lght arcrafts 15 mph for medum arcrafts 23 mph for heavy arcrafts 3. Usablty Factor (Usually 95% mn) 4. Wnd Data True North Prmary R/W Crosswnd R/W Magnetc North Runway Orentaton - May use One Prmary R/W & One Cross Wnd R/W to Cover Requred Usablty Factor. 11

12 2. Runway Orentaton Usng the Wnd Rose Technque 12

13 I-7 Runway Numberng (Desgnaton) 13

14 I-8 Arport Reference Pont (ARP) The Geometrc Center of the Aerodrome. Needed for all Aerodromes (to be reported n the AIP). Identfes the Locaton of the Arport n the X-Y Plan. It s the center of the runway for arports wth a sngle runway. X = X L L Y = Y L L RW1 X 1, Y 1, L 1 ARP X 2, Y 2, L 2 RW2 X3, Y3, L3 RW3 I-9 Establshed Arport Elevaton. Control Pont for Elevaton (Z Drecton). Hghest Elevaton on the R/W CL. Measured and Gven to the Nearest Meter. The Hghest Hgh Pont n the Case of Many R/Ws. 14

15 I-10 Obstacle Lmtaton Surface Purpose: An Imagnary Surface Defnng the Maxmum Allowable Obstacle Heghts n the Vcnty of the Arport so as to Ensure Clear Navgaton Arspace. Obstacles nclude: Buldng Objects, Natural Objects of Terran Obstacle Lmtaton Surface Components Prmary Surface Horzontal Surface See Table 2.8 for ICAO Standards Concal Surface Approach Surface/ Take-Off clmb. Transtonal Surface 15

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