Assessments of MODIS On-orbit Spatial and Spectral Characterization
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1 EOS Assessments of MODIS On-orbit Spatial and Spectral Characterization Jack Xiong, Dan Link, Kevin Twedt, and Ben Wang NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 0, USA SSAI, 00 Greenbelt Road, Lanham, MD 00, USA Acknowledgements Raytheon MODIS Team members MCST members supported SRCA data analyses (previous and current) Logan UT, August, 0
2 Outline MODIS Instrument Spectral Bands and Focal Plane Assemblies (FPAs) On-board Calibrators (OBCs) Spectro-Radiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA) On-orbit Spatial and Spectral Characterization Activities and Methodologies Spatial Performance Band-to-Band Registration (BBR) Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) Spectral Performance Center Wavelengths (CW) and Bandwidths (BW) Summary
3 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MODIS spectral bands: mm (VIS, NIR, SMIR, LWIR) spatial resolutions (nadir): 0 m, 00 m, and 000 m focal plane assemblies (FPA) with a total of 0 detectors FILTERS VIS FILTERS SWIR/MWIR = OPTICAL AXIS Terra since DETECTORS S 0 0 T DETECTORS S T Silicon PV HgCdTe Aqua since 00 T 0 S LWIR S 0 NIR T ' ' 0 Silicon PV HgCdTe PC HgCdTe Instrument FPA Main Frame Temperature Cold FPAs: (0., k)
4 On-board Calibrators (OBC) SD/SDSM for RSB radiometric calibration BB for TEB radiometric calibration SRCA for spatial and spectral characterization
5 Spectro-Radiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA) Didymium Filter Calibration SiPD Operational Modes: Radiometric Spatial Spectral Reference SiPD at Secondary Mirror
6 On-orbit Spatial and Spectral Characterization Spatial (/) Spectral (/) Lamp Usage Terra Launch: Lamps -, in operation (, in reserve) Nov. 00 L replaced L Feb. 00 Lamp taken out of service Aqua Launch: Lamps -, in operation (, in reserve) April 00 L replaced L June 00 Lamp taken out of service July 0 Lamp taken out of service
7 Spatial and Spectral Characterization Methodologies x( b, d) N x x 0 N x x 0 dn( b, d, x) x dn( b, d, x) dn Terra SRCA Band no phase delay dn multiple t delays Terra SRCA Band all phase delays Spatial Frame 00 Frame -> x Frame Spectral A C sin( C off ) cos m calibration performed with didymium filter dn Grating step Grating step -> ->
8 Spatial Performance (Aqua along-scan BBR) Aqua BBR: a known issue since pre-launch; shift between warm and cold FPA
9 Spatial Performance (Aqua yearly BBR) CFPA CFPA
10 Spatial Performance (Terra yearly BBR) Terra BBR: within spec (±0. km) for all band pairs (except for along scan B0 and B) 0
11 Spatial Performance (Terra along-scan MTF) ERF => LSF => MTF MTF performance meets design requirements except for a few bands in Aqua Limitation of SRCA: along-track MTF Data quality impact on MTF (e.g. SWIR crosstalk)
12 Spatial Performance (Terra along-track MTF; Moon) Similar results (stable along-track MTF) for Aqua MODIS Methodologies developed for MODIS also applied to VIIRS Limitation of lunar approach: TEB saturate when viewing the Moon
13 Spectral Performance (on-orbit RSR from SRCA) Pre-launch from SpMA used as the reference On orbit SRCA measurements (Terra) made in 00, 00, 00, 0 Center Wavelengths (CW) and Bandwidths (BW)
14 Spectral Performance (Terra changes in CW)
15 Spectral Performance (Terra CW and BW) Changes in CW and are within 0. nm and.0 nm, respectively, for most VIS/NIR bands Relatively large changes seen for bands with broad bandwidths (e.g. band and )
16 Spectral Performance (Aqua CW and BW) Changes in CW and are within 0. nm and.0 nm, respectively, for most VIS/NIR bands Relatively large changes seen for bands with broad bandwidths (e.g. band and )
17 Summary Terra and Aqua MODIS SRCA continue to operate and function (as good as expected) Adjustments made to operation configuration due to loss of internal lamps Sufficient margin in the expected lifetime for the remaining lamps Overall spatial and spectral performance remains stable Terra BBR: within spec (±0. km) for all band pairs except for B0 and B in scan direction) Aqua BBR: a known issue since pre-launch (same on-orbit) MTF performance meets design requirements except for a few bands (Aqua) Changes in CW and BW are within 0. nm and.0 nm, respectively, for most VIS/NIR bands (large for bands with broad bandwidths) Approaches developed using MODIS lunar observations (validated with SRCA) successfully applied to VIIRS Challenging issues and lessons
18 Challenging Issues and Lessons Use of SRAC data to improve sensor radiometric calibration Radiometric mode (changes of internal calibration source): very useful for relative calibration Use of on-board spectral and spatial performance parameters: justification/validation; uncertainty; Lamp degradation Different operation configurations - impact on radiometric stability monitoring Impact of SNR for spectral calibration Lessons and benefits from MODIS SRCA design and operation Radiometric calibration transfer (can be improved) Sensor anomaly diagnosis and resolution Development and validation of different calibration and characterization approaches
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