L1 Remember, L2 Understand, L3 - Apply, L4 Analyze, L5 Evaluate, L6 Create

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Sample µp questions Syllabus: Microprocessors And Microcontrollers - 15CS44: Modules 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Text book: Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice GillispieMazidi, Danny Causey, The x86 PC Assembly Language

1 Sample µp questions Syllabus: Microprocessors And Microcontrollers - 15CS44: Modules 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Text book: Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice GillispieMazidi, Danny Causey, The x86 PC Assembly Language Design and Interfacing, 5th Edition, Pearson, Generally the questions that are composed for the internal / final assessment are not on the same level. Some questions are easy to answer, while other questions may require a great deal of thinking. Blooms Taxonomy assists us to compose questions on different levels of thinking Bloom s Cognitive Levels: L1 Remember, L2 Understand, L3 - Apply, L4 Analyze, L5 Evaluate, L6 Create. The definition and verbs associated with Bloom s Taxonomy is given below. Questions are to be set such that higher levels of thinking like solving problems by applying acquired knowledge, carrying out analysis or engage in creative thinking are tested. Questions composed for theory based subjects usually operate at the lower levels of remembering (L1) and understanding (L2). In such a scenario, the learning outcome of the student is either L1 or L2 levels only L1 Remember, L2 Understand, L3 - Apply, L4 Analyze, L5 Evaluate, L6 Create 1

2 Module 1 The x86 microprocessor; Brief history of the x86 family, Inside the 8088/86, Introduction to assembly programming, Introduction to Program Segments, The Stack, Flag register, x86 Addressing Modes. Assembly language programming Questions on The x86 microprocessor: Brief history of the x86 family, L1 - Remember: Define a microprocessor. Explain in detail the evolution of µp in µp age from 8008 µp to Itanium system. Give the size of address bus & physical memory capacity of the following: 8086, 80286, How many transistors did the Pentium II use? Give all the data types supported by Pentium 4, Itanium L2 understand: MMXtechnology on-chip: MultiMediaeXtention fast graphics & audio processing (Pentium II Xeon & Celeron Processors) ; SIMD (Pentium III) enhance audio & video performance 3D imaging, streaming audio, on-line computing L4 - analyze: What is the major difference between 8088 & 8086 µps? Difference b/w & 80386SX 2

3 List additional features of that were not present in the 80386: over 8086; Pentium over 80486: Questions on Inside the 8088/86 Explain in detail the working of the internal architecture of the 8086 µp Detail the architecture of 8086 microprocessor with a neat block diagram Explain the functions of EU and BIU Classify the various registers of 8086/88/286 by category Bring out the differences between 8086 & 8088 µps. What is pipelining? Questions on Introduction to assembly programming Define the following: Machine language, Assembly / low level languages, high level language Mnemonic, assembler, compiler, machine/ object code Write the assembly language instructions to add the values 16H & ABH. Place the result in register AX. Questions on Introduction to Program Segments What is the purpose of the segment register in the operation of the microprocessor? Why is memory segmentation required? Elaborate on how it is done with 8086 microprocessor? Discuss how physical address is generated? What is the purpose of the IP register? Can Data Segment be used to access stack? Can all the segment registers be used to get data? Note: A Segment is an area of memory that includes upto 64k bytes. 346E0H is evenly divisible by 16. Hence this physical address can be the starting address of the segment. Logical address is in the form xxxx:yyyy, where xxxx is segment address &yyyy is offset into the segment. If BX = 1234H & after execution of MOV [2400], BX, find the contents of memory locations at offsets 2400 & Ans: [2400] = 34h & [2401] = 12h What are the different index registers present in 8086? Explain the significance of each of them. Explain with examples the various special functions performed by general purpose registers in 8086 µp. Explain the functions of the following registers: ES, DI, SS, CX, DX, AX 3

4 Name the default segment registers used to compute physical address during the following types of memory access: i. 16-bit direct address ii. [BP][SI] iii. 56h[BX][DI] iv. 0ABCDh[DI] Ans: DS, SS, ES, ES Discuss about the memory map of the IBM PC & its various constituents. Questions on THE STACK What is a stack? Why is it needed? Which registers are used to access the stack? Ans: SS,SP, BP How are stacks accessed? Ans: PUSH, POP, CALL, RET With examples show pushing onto the stack and popping the stack List 3 possible logical addresses corresponding to physical address 143F0 Ans: 143F:0000 ; 1000: 43F0 ; 1410: 02F0 ; 1400: 03F0 Explain in detail the various bits of a flag register for 8086 µp Brief about the control & status flag bits of 8086 microprocessor What are the various addressing modes supported in 8086? Describe each one briefly with example. Explain the addressing formats used to generate the opcode for 8086 instructions Determine and explain the addressing modes of the following 8086 instructions. i. CALL 2400h ii. CALL WD PTR [SI] iii. CALL 1200h: 2400h iv. CALL DWD PTR [SI][BX] Questions on Module 1:Assembly language programming: Directives & a Sample Program, Assemble, Link & Run a program, More Sample programs, Control Transfer Instructions, Data Types and Data Definition, Full Segment Definition, Flowcharts and Pseudo code. Explain the following assembler directives EXTRN, PUBLIC, DW, DQ, ASSUME,.MODEL What are assembler directives? Explain with example how are they being used in the programming of 8086 Questions on Module 2: x86: Instructions sets description, Arithmetic and logic instructions and programs: Unsigned Addition and Subtraction, Unsigned Multiplication and Division, Logic Instructions, BCD and ASCII conversion, Rotate Instructions. Explain with examples AAA, DAA Explain with examples DAS, AAS for 8086 Explain the shift and rotate instructions of 8086 Explain what happens when a CALL instruction is executed Write the differences between JMP and CALL instructions 4

5 What is the value of the register AX after the execution of the following instructions? Register AX = 9835, CL =01 SHR AX,CL SAR AX, CL R AX, CL RCL AX, CL Explain the following instructions: i. CMP ii. XCHG iii. JMP iv. JE. v. JNB Explain the logic to find GCD of two numbers. Explain the difference between the following instructions? i. LEA BX,TABLE& MOV BX,OFFSET TABLE ii. SHR OPR, CNT & SAR OPR, CNT Iii. ROL OPR, CNT & RCL OPR, CNT iv. ADD BX,CX& ADD CX,BX v. MUL BX & MUL BL vi. RET & IRET vii. JMP DELAY & CALL DELAY Questions on Module 2 Cont., INT 21H and INT 10H Programming: Bios INT 10H Programming, DOS Interrupt 21H. 8088/86 Interrupts, x86 PC and Interrupt Assignment. Explain the interrupt instruction INT 21H with function 4CH Categorize 8086 interrupts List and describe the functions associated with INT00 - INT04 Questions on Module 3: Signed Numbers: Signed number Arithmetic Operations How to avoid error in signed numbers? Ans : extend the signed number operands. CBW Convert Byte to Word CWD Convert word to double word Write a program to add two signed numbers taking care of overflow problem. Discuss the operation of the following instructions wit suitable examples: IDIV Signed number division; IMUL Integer Multiplication JG/JNLE; JGE/JNL; JL/JNGE; JLE/JNG; JE/JZ Write a program to find the average of 5 signed numbers 5

6 Write a assembly level program to find the lowest temperature amount 10 values. Assume the data is +13, +4, +14, -10, -18, +19, -9, -19, -6, -12 What is the difference between carry & overflow flag? Questions on Strings: String operations L1: List and discuss typical string instructions & prefixes available in L2 : What are the flags and registers associated with string instructions? L4: Analyze the following code segment CLD MOV CX,50 MOV DI,OFFSET ARRAY1 MOV AX,0AAAAH REP STOSW L6: Write a program that compares two strings and displays spelling is correct if equal and displays wrong spelling if not equal L6: Write a program that scans the name Mr. Gonas and replaces the letter G with letter J, then displays the corrected value Questions on 8086 Memory Interfacing Differentiate between Memory mapped interfacing and I/O mapped interfacing methods Explain linear, absolute and block decoding How many address lines are required for accessing the data if memory capacity is (i) 512 bytes RAM (ii) 8K EPROM. Ans:9,13 Compute memory cycle time of a 20MHz 8386 system with 0WS, 1WS, 2WS. Ans: T = 1/20M =50ns; 0WS = 2T; 1WS =3T Differences between memory mapped I/O & Peripheral I/O Explain how data integrity is ensured in RAM & ROM Ans: Checksum byte; PARITY BIT; CRC (cyclic redundancy check) Procedure for each Write a note on Input port design using 74LS244 Develop a scheme to Interface 64K * 8 EPROM using 32K * 8 Chips and 64K * 8 RAM using 32K * 8 Chips to 8086 microprocessor. Interface two 4K x 8 EPROMS and two 4K x 8 RAM Chips with Select the suitable address map. Workout memory address decoding circuit using 74LS138 Decoder Chip along with simple logic gates and explain the memory chip selection process. 6

7 Questions on 8255 I/O programming: I/O addresses MAP of x86 PC s, programming and interfacing the 8255 L1: With a neat diagram explain the internal architecture of 8255 L1: Write the I/O instructions available in 8086 L1: Name the registers associated with I/O instructions L5: Evaluate: Calculate the maximum number of input & output ports in x86 system with 8- bit address bus A7-A0 for port addresses. Ans: the maximum number of input ports = 256 (00 - FF) & the maximum number of output ports = 256 L5: Find the control word if PA = OUT; PB = IN; PC0-PC3 = IN; PC4 PC7 = OUT Ans: CONTROL WD = 83 H L6: Write an ALP to toggle the bits of port address 300H continuously L6: Write a Visual C++ program for Windows 98 to get a byte of data from PA & send it to both PB &PC of the 8255 chip in PC trainer L6: Write a C/C++ program for a PC with Linux OS to get abyte from PA & send it to PB & PC. 7

8 A Sample VTU Question Paper covering the FIVE modules along with the Bloom s Levels is shown below. Module I Marks Level 1a Compare and contrast 8086 & L2 1b Illustrate how pipelining enhances the performance 4 L4 1c Briefly discuss the different addressing modes present in 8086 with examples 7 L2 2a Calculate the physical address, given DS = 5000 & the offset is 1950h 4 L5 2b Summarize the differences between EXE & COM files 4 L2 2c What are assembler directives? Describe assembler directives : EXTRN, DUP, DW, DQ, ASSUME, G 8 L2 3a 3b Module II Marks Level List the flags affected by arithmetic instructions with specific examples With mnemonic, discuss the operands involved in 8 /16 bit multiplication & division 6 L4 4 L2 3c Describe all the services performed by Interrupt 10H function calls 6 L2 4a Give the summary of the DAA & DAS operations 4 L2 4b List the different rotate and shift instructions available in 8086 µp 4 L1 4c Explain how the x86 PC executes the interrupts by using the interrupt vector table and interrupt routines 8 L2 Module III Marks Level 5a Write a program to find the average of 5 signed numbers 5 L5 5b Explain the function of SI, DI & DF in string instructions 3 L2 5c 5d Construct the address decoding circuit for interfacing a 32K x 8 ROM with 08000h as the address of the first location What are the assembly language instructions used to read and write data to and from I/O ports? 5 L5 3 L2 8

9 6a Write a program segment that scans for the letter G using string instructions 4 L5 6b Describe 16-bit memory interfacing using BANKS. 4 L2 6c Program the 8255 to get data from port A and send to port B. Find the control word. Use port addresses of 300h-303h for the 8255 chip 8 L6 Module IV Marks Level 7a List the design rules for implementing RISC processors 4 L2 7b Write briefly about AMBA Bus protocol 4 L2 7c With the ARM core data flow model, explain its functional units 8 L2 8a Explain the register structure of ARM processor along with various modes it can take. 6 L2 8b Write the format of cpsr of ARM7 processor 4 L1 8c Explain the four typical software components needed to control embedded device. 6 L2 9a 9b Module V Marks Level Describe load multiple & store multiple instructions of ARM processors with examples. Write an ARM7 program for transferring a block of data word from one memory block to another 9c What is the impact of following instructions if R0=0x0A and R1= 0x09 : ADD R5, R0, R1, LSL #03 10a 10b Explain the significance of barrel shifter in ARM architecture with respect to ADD instructions Write about the following ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) instructions: TEQ, SWP, UMLAL, BIC 6 L3 6 L6 4 L4 4 L5 6 L4 10c Write an ARM7 program to find the biggest of two given numbers & store the biggest at the memory location 6 L6 9

Intel 8086: Instruction Set

IUST-EE (Chapter 6) Intel 8086: Instruction Set 1 Outline Instruction Set Data Transfer Instructions Arithmetic Instructions Bit Manipulation Instructions String Instructions Unconditional Transfer Instruction