INTRODUCTION)TO)ARM) MICROPROCESSOR/MICROCONTROLLER

Transcription

1 ผศ.ดร.ส ร นทร ก ตต ธรก ล และ อ.สรย ทธ กลมกล อม ภาคว ชาว ศวกรรมคอมพ วเตอร คณะว ศวกรรมศาสตร สถาบ นเทคโนโลย พระจอมเกล าเจ าค ณทหาร ลาดกระบ ง INTRODUCTION)TO)ARM) MICROPROCESSOR/MICROCONTROLLER 1 CONTENTS! What%is%ARM?! Why%ARM?%! Why%Cortex%M3?! STM32F10x%Series%Block%Diagram! C%Programming! CMSIS%Library 2-2

2 What)is)ARM(Advanced)Risc)Machines)?! ARM%is%an%UK%company%that%designs% innovative%32jbit%microprocessors! ARM%leads%the%world%of%RISC% microprocessor%cores! ARM%develops%directly%and%through% partnership%the%tools,%systems%and% services%to%support%its%architecture. 2-3 Why)use)an)ARMAbased)processor?! Most%popular%32Jbit%core! Becoming%an%industrial%standard%like%the%C51! Compatible%leading%edge%core%roadmap! ARM7%J>%ARM9%/10J>CortexM3,%M4,! Large%number%of%product%choices! Multiple%vendors%means%a%large%choice 4

3 Why)Cortex)M3? More%Than%28%company ST,%NXP,%Atmel,%Samsung CortexAA)Series,%applications%processors%for%complex%OS%and%user%applications. CortexAR)Series,%realJtime%systems%profile. CortexAM)Series,%microcontroller%profile%optimized%for%costJsensitive%applications.. The)number)at)the)end)of)the)Cortex)name)refers)to)the)relative)performance) level,)with)1)the)lowest)and)8)the)highest. 5 STM32F10x)Packages:)LQFP100)vs.)LQFP64)! 100%pins%vs.%64%pins! More%pins,%Higher%Cost,%Easier%to%Use 2-6

4 STM32F10x)Series)Block)Diagram CORTEX TM AM3)))))) CPU 24)MHz Flash)I/F 256KBA512kB Flash)Memory Power)Supply Reg%1.8V POR/PDR/PVD JTAG/SW)Debug Nested)vect)IT)Ctrl 1)x)Systick)Timer DMA up%to%12%channels ARM) Lite)HiASpeed)36us Matrix)/)Arbiter)(max)24MHz) 24KBA32kB)SRAM 84B)Backup)Data FSMC SRAM/)NOR/)LCD)parallel) interface Clock)Control XTAL)oscillators 32KHz%+%4~25MHz Int.)RC)oscillators 40KHz%+%8MHz PLL RTC)/)AWU Bridge ARM Peripheral)Bus (max%24mhz) Bridge 1)x)16Abit)PWM) Synchronized%AC%Timer Up)to)16)Ext.)ITs 51/80/112)I/Os 1)x)SPI 1)x)USART/LIN Smartcard/IrDa Modem%Control ARM Peripheral)Bus (max%24mhz) 10)x)16Abit)Timer 2)x)Watchdog (independent%&%window) 2Achannel)12Abit)DAC 1)x)12Abit)ADC up%to%16%channels Temperature)Sensor 1)x)CEC 4)x)USART/LIN Smartcard%/%IrDa Modem%Control 2)x)SPI 2)x)I 2 C 2-7 CortexAM3)Processor(1/2)! Hierarchical%processor%integrating%core%and% advanced%system%peripherals! CortexJM3%Processor! CortexJM3%core! Configurable%interrupt%controller%! Bus%matrix! Advanced%debug%components(ETM )%! Optional%MPU(Not%available%in%STM32F10x)! CortexJM3%core! Harvard%architecture! 3Jstage%pipeline%prediction! Thumb J2! ALU%w.%H/W%divide%and%single%cycle%multiply 8

5 CortexAM3)Processor(2/2) Non Maskable Interrupt 3-Stage Pipeline, Harvard Architecture, Thumb-2 ISA (or Thumb) 30K* Gates Configurable Interrupts with Configurable Priority Levels SWD or JTAG Breakpoints Data Watchpoints & Trace * Preliminary gate counts & power consumption based on initial implementation Gate Counts are based on TSMC 0.18 at 50MHz Optional ETM & MPU gate counts not included Cortex M3 Total 60k* Gates 2-9 System)Architecture! Multiply)possibilities)of)bus)accesses)to)SRAM,)Flash,)Peripherals,)DMA! BusMatrix%added%to%Harvard%architecture%allows%parallel%access%! Efficient)DMA)and)Rapid)data)flow! Direct%path%to%SRAM%through%arbiter,%guarantees%alternating%access! Harvard%architecture%+%BusMatrix%allows%Flash%execution%in%parallel%with%DMA%transfer CORTEX-M3 Master 1 DAbus IAbus Flash I/F FLASH BusMatrix SRAM Slave APB2 Peripheral)Bus)APB2 GP-DMA Master 2 Arbiter AHB AHB-APB2 AHB-APB1 Bridges APB1 Peripheral Bus APB1 Buses are not overloaded with data movement tasks 2-10

6 STM32F10x) Block)Diagram 11 CortexAM3)Processor)Main)Features! ARM%v7M%Architecture! ThumbJ2%Instruction%Set%Architecture%! Mix%of%16%and%32%bit%instructions%for%very%high%code%density! Harvard%architecture! Separate%I%&%D%buses%allow%parallel%instruction%fetching%&%data%storage! Integrated%Nested%Vectored%Interrupt%Controller%(NVIC)%Vector%Table%is% addresses.! Integrated%Bus%Matrix! Data%memory%management! 3%Stage%Pipeline! Integrated%System%Timer%(SysTick)%for%Real%Time%OS 12

7 CortexAM3)Memory)Map 2-13 Memory)Mapping)and)Boot)Modes! Addressable)memory)space)of)4)GBytes! RAM):)up)to)32)kBytes! FLASH):)up)to)512)kBytes 0xFFFF FFFF 0xE xE00F FFFF 0xE Reserved CortexAM3) internal) peripherals! Boot)modes: Depending%on%the%Boot%configuration J Embedded%%Flash%Memory J System%Memory% J Embedded%%SRAM%Memory%% is%aliased%at%@0x00 Reserved Reserved Option)Bytes SystemMemory 0x1FFF F80F 0x1FFF F800 0x1FFF F7FF 0x1FFF F000 BOOT)Mode) Selection)Pins Boot)Mode Aliasing BOOT1 BOOT0 x 0 User)Flash User%Flash%is%selected%as% boot%space Reserved 0 1 SystemMemory SystemMemory%is% selected%as%boot%space Peripherals 0x Reserved SRAM 0x Reserved CODE 0x Flash 0x0801 FFFF 0x Embedded) SRAM Embedded%SRAM%is% selected%as%boot%space! SystemMemory: contains%the%bootloader used%to%%rejprogram%the%flash%through%usart

8 C)programming)for)embedded) microcontroller)systems. Assumes&experience&with& assembly&language&programming. V.)P.)Nelson 2J15 #include <hidef.h> #include <MC9S12C32.h> Basic C)programstructure /* commondefines and)macros */ /* I/O port/register names/addresses forthe MC9S12C32 microcontroller */ /*)Global)variables) accessible)by)all)functions)*/ int)count,)bob; //global)(static))variables) placed)in)ram /*)Function)definitions*/) int)function1(char)x)){)int) //parameter)x)passed)to)the)function,)function)returns)an)integer)value i,j; //local)(automatic))variables) allocated)to)stack)or)registers YY instructions)to)implement)the)function } /*)Main)program)*/)void)main(void)){ unsigned)char)sw1;) //local (automatic) variable (stack orregisters) int)k; //local (automatic) variable (stack orregisters) /* Initialization section */ YY instructions to initialize) variables, I/O ports, devices, function)registers /* Endless loop */ while (1) { //Can)also use:) for(;;) { YY instructions to be repeated } /* repeat forever */ } Declare local variables Initialize variables/devices Body of the program 16

9 Address 0x0000 0x0400 0x0800 0x1000 0x4000 0x8000 I/O)Registers Vacant 2KB RAM Vacant 16KB)Flash) Memory Vacant MC9S12C32 memory map Control registers for I/O [0x x03FF] 2K byte RAM [0x x0FFF] for variable & stack storage 16K byte Flash)EEPROM [0x x7FFF] for program code & constant data)storage 16KB Vacant: [0x xBFFF] (Available in larger devices)y MC9S12C64/96/128) 0xC000 0xFF00 16KB)Flash) Memory 16K)byte)Flash)EEPROM)[0x x7FFF] for)program)code)&)constant))data)storage Interrupt)vectors:)[0xFF00..0xFFFF])(Last) 256)bytes)of)Flash)EEPROM) 17 Microcontroller) include)file CodeWarrior provides a derivative;specific include file for each microcontroller, which defines memory addresses and symbolic labelsfor CPUand peripheralfunctionregisters. #include <hidef.h> /* common defines and&macros */ #include <MC9S12C32.h> /* derivative information */ #pragma&link_info&derivative&"mc9s12c32" //&DDRA&and&PORTA&addresses&are&defined&in&MC9S12C32.h& void&main(void)&{ DDRA)=)0xff;) // Set direction of Port A as output PORTA)=)0x55; // Set bits of Port A to) for(;;)&{} /* execute forever */ } 18

10 CodeWarrior C)data types Always)match)data)type)to)data)characteristics Variable)type)indicates)how)data)is)represented #bits)determines)range)of)numeric)values signed/unsigned)determines)which) arithmetic/relational)operators)are)to)be)used)by)the) compiler nonynumeric)data)should)be) unsigned Data$type$declaration$* Number$of$bits Range$of$values char$k;$$signed$char$k; 8 < unsigned$char$k; int$k;$$signed$int$k;$short$ 16 < k; signed$short$k; unsigned$int$k;$unsigned$ short$k; * First (black) form is preferred 19 Data type examples Read)bits)from)PORTA)(8)bits,)nonYnumeric) unsigned&char&n; n&=&porta; Read)TCNT)timer)value)(16Ybit)unsigned) unsigned&int&t; t&=&tcnt; Read)10Ybit)value)from)ADC)(unsigned) unsigned&int&a; a&=&adc; System)control)value)range)[Y ] int&ctrl; ctrl =&(x +&y)*z; Loop counter for 100 program loops (unsigned) unsigned&char&cnt; for (cnt =&0;&cnt <&20;&cnt++) { 20

11 Static variables Retained for use throughout the program in RAM locations that are not reallocated during program execution. Declare)either)within)or)outside)of)a)function If)declared)outside)a)function,)the)variable)is)global&in)scope, i.e.)known)to)all)functions)of)the)program Use) normal declarations.)example: int count; If)declared)within)a)function,)insert)key)word)static&before) the)variable)definition.)the)variable)is)local&in)scope,)i.e.) known)only)within)this)function. static&unsigned&char&bob;&static&int&pressure[10]; 2J21 Static variable example unsigned$char$count;$$//global)variable)is)static) allocated)a)fixed)ram)location //count)can)be)referenced)by)any)function void)math_op)()){ } int)i; static$int$j; if)(count)==)0)) j)=)0; i)=)count;)j)=)j) +)i; //automatic)variable) allocated)space)on)stack)when)function)entered //static)variable) allocated)a)fixed)ram)location)to)maintain)the)value //test)value)of)global)variable)count //initialize)static)variable)j)first)time)math_op())entered //initialize)automatic)variable)i)each)time)math_op())entered //change)static)variable)j) value)kept)for)next)function)call //return)&)deallocate)space)used)by)automatic)variable)i void)main(void)){) count)=)0; while)(1)){) math_op();) count++; } //initialize global)variable count //increment global variable count 2J22

12 Volatile variables Value)can)be)changed&by&outside&influences,)i.e.)by) factors)other)than)program)instructions values)applied)to)the)pins)of)an)input)port bits)within)a)timer)register result)of)an)analog)to)digital)conversion Used)to)access)µC)I/O)ports)and)function)registers Define)variable)name)as)a)pointer)to)the)port/register) address Then)use)as)any)other)variable #define&porta& PORTA&=&0x55; 8Ybit port (*((volatile unsigned char*)(0x0000))) /* write value 0x55to PORTA */ pointer address J23 Volatile variable example µc)i/o)ports)and)function)registers)are)defined)as) voltatile)variables DerivativeYspecific)include)file)defines)these)for)each)µC #define PORTA #define PORTB (*((volatile&unsigned&char*)(0x0000)))& (*((volatile&unsigned&char*)(0x0001))) From) include) file char&c; c&=&portb;& PORTA&=&c; /* read value from PORTB into variable c&*/ /* write value to PORTA from variable c&*/ Note: value at PORTB)determined by external sources 2J24

13 BitYparallel logical operators Bit-parallel (bitwise) logical operators produce n-bit results of the corresponding logical operation: & (AND) (OR) ^ (XOR) ~ (Complement) C = A & B; (AND) C = A B; (OR) C = A ^ B; (XOR) A B C A B C A B C B = ~A; A (COMPLEMENT) B J25 Bit)set/reset/complement/test Use a mask to select bit(s) to be altered C = A & 0xFE; A a b c d e f g h 0xFE C a b c d e f g 0 Clear)selected)bit)of)A C = A & 0x01; A 0xFE C a b c d e f g h h C = A 0x01; A a b c d e f g h 0x C a b c d e f g 1 C = A ^ 0x01; A a b c d e f g h 0x C a b c d e f g h Clear all but the selected bit of A Set selected bit of A Complement selected bit of A 2J26

14 Bit)examples for input/output Create)a) pulse on)bit)0)of)porta)(assume)bit) is)initially)0) PORTA&=&PORTA& &0x01; //Force&bit&0&to&1&PORTA&=&PORTA& &&0xFE; //Force&bit&0&to&0 Examples: if&(&(porta&&&0x80)&!=&0&)&&//or:&((porta&&&0x80)&==&0x80) bob(); c&=&portb&&&0x04; if&((porta&&&0x01)& ==&0)&PORTA&=&c& & 0x01; // call bob() if bit 7 of PORTA is&1 // mask&all but&bit 2 of PORTB value // test bit 0 of PORTA //&write c&to PORTA with bit&0 set to 1 2J27 /***)PTT)Y Port)T)I/O)Register;)0x )***/) typedef)union){ byte)byte;)struct){ byte PTT0 :1; /* Port T Bit 0 */ byte PTT1 :1; /*)Port T)Bit)1 */ byte PTT2 :1; /*)Port T)Bit)2 */ byte PTT3 :1; /* Port T)Bit)3 */ byte PTT4 :1; /* Port T)Bit)4 */ byte PTT5 :1; /* Port T)Bit)5 */ byte PTT6 :1; /* Port T)Bit)6 */ byte PTT7 :1; /* Port T)Bit)7 */ })Bits; })PTTSTR; extern)volatile)pttstr)_ptt)@(reg_base)+)0x ul); #define PTT #define PTT_PTT0 #define PTT_PTT1 #define PTT_PTT2 #define PTT_PTT3 #define PTT_PTT4 #define PTT_PTT5 #define PTT_PTT6 #define PTT_PTT7 _PTT.Byte _PTT.Bits.PTT0 _PTT.Bits.PTT1 _PTT.Bits.PTT2 _PTT.Bits.PTT3 _PTT.Bits.PTT4 _PTT.Bits.PTT5 _PTT.Bits.PTT6 _PTT.Bits.PTT7fine TFLG1 CodeWarrior)include)file) defines)µc)registers as)structures)of)bits,) allowing)access)to individual)register)bits.)(read) file)to)view)names.) byte is)defined)as) unsigned)char Equivalent&C&statements: PTT&=&PTT& &0x01;& PTT_PTT0&=&1; if&((ptt&&&0x04)&==&0x04)& If&(PTT_PTT2&==&1) _TFLG1.Byte 2J28

15 Example:)I/O port)bits PORTB h g f e d c b a unsigned)char)sw;) sw)=)portb; sw)=)portb)&)0x10; if (sw == 0x01) if (sw == 0x10) if (sw == 0) if)(sw)!=)0))portb)=) 0x5a;)PORTB_BIT4)=) 0; if)(portb_bit4)==)1)) if)(portb_bit4)==)sw) Switch)connected)to)bit)4)of)PORTB //8Ybit)unsigned)variable //)sw)=)hgfedcba //)sw)=)000e0000))(mask)all)but)bit)4) //)Result)is)sw)=) )or) //)NEVER)TRUE)for)above)sw,)which)is)000e0000 //)TRUE)if)e=1)(bit)4)in)result)of)PORTB)&)0x10) //)TRUE)if)e=0)in)PORTB)&)0x10)(sw= ) //)TRUE)if)e=1)in)PORTB)&)0x10)(sw= ) //)Write)to)8)bits)of)PORTB;)result)is) //)Sets)only)bit)e=0)in)PORTB))(PORTB)now)hgf0dcba) //)TRUE)if)e=1)(bit)4)of)PORTB) //)Mismatch:)comparing)bit)to)byte 2J29 Shift)operators Shift operators: x >> y (right shift operand x by y bit positions) x << y (left shift operand x by y bit positions) Vacated bits are filled with 0 s. Shift right/left fast way to multiply/divide by power of 2 B = A << 3; A (Left shift 3 bits) B B = A >> 2; A (Right shift 2 bits) B B = 1 ; B = (ASCII 0x31) C = 5 ; C = (ASCII 0x35) D = (B << 4) (C & 0x0F); (B << 4) = (C & 0x0F) = D = (Packed BCD 0x15) 2J30

16 WHILE loop structure Repeat)a)set)of)statements)(a) loop ))as)long) as)some)condition)is)met while&(a&<&b) { statement&s1;& statement&s2;. } a)< b? No Yes S1; S2; loop through)these) statements)while)a)<)b Somethingmust)eventually cause a >=)b, to)exit theloop 31 WHILE example PORTA bit0 0 1 Read) PORTB No) operation Wait)for)a)1)to)be)applied) to)bit)0)of)porta and)then)read)portb while ( (PORTA & 0x01) ==&0) {} c =&PORTB; // test bit 0 of PORTA // do&nothing&&&repeat if bit is&0 // read&portb after&above bit=&1 32

17 Keil%Development%Tools%for%ARM Includes%ARM%macro%assembler,%compilers%(ARM%RealView%C/C++%Compiler,% Keil%CARM%Compiler,%or%GNU%compiler),%ARM%linker,%Keil%uVision%Debugger% and%keil%uvision%ide Keil%uVision%Debugger%accurately%simulates%onJchip%peripherals%(I 2 C,%CAN,% UART,%SPI,%Interrupts,%I/O%Ports,%A/D%and%D/A%converters,%PWM,%etc.) Evaluation%Limitations 16K%byte%object%code%+%16K%data%limitation Some%linker%restrictions%such%as%base%addresses%for%code/constants GNU%tools%provided%are%not%restricted%in%any%way 33 Keil%Development%Tools%for%ARM 34

18 Definition: What%is%CMSIS? The%CortexJM3 %Microcontroller%Software%Interface%Standard%(CMSIS)%is%defined%in% close%cooperation%with%various%silicon%and%software%vendors%and%provides%a%common% approach%to%interface%to%peripherals,%realjtime%operating%systems%and%middleware% components.%for%more%details,%please%refer%to% CMSIS)layer)structure 35 Package%organization 36

19 STM32%Firmware%Library%User% Manual Main%page 37 STM32%Firmware%Library%User%Manual 38

20 STM32F10xxx%standard%peripheral%library%architecture J STM32%interrupt%IRQ%list/%Specific% options%for%the%cortexjm3%core J STM32%peripheral%memory%mapping% and%physical%register%address%definition J Configuration%options User%application CortexJM3%exceptions Peripheral%header%file Include%NVIC%and% SysTick%%drivers LowJlevel%&%API%functions%to% Perform%basic%operations% offered%by%the%%peripheral 39 Coding%conventions All%firmware%is%coded%in%ANSIJC Strict%ANSIJC%for%all%library%peripheral%files Relaxed%ANSIJC%for%projects%&%Examples%files. PPP is used to reference any peripheral acronym, e.g. TIM for Timer. Registers & Structures FW library registers have the same names as in STM32F10x Datasheet & reference manual. All registers hardware accesses are performed through a C structures : Improve code rejuse : e.g. the same structure to handle and initialize 3 USARTs. 40

21 Using%the%Library%(1/4) 1) Before%configuring%a%peripheral,%you%have%to%enable%its%clock%by%calling%one%of%the% following%functions: RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_PPPx%,%ENABLE)o RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_PPPx%,%ENABLE)o RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_PPPx%,%ENABLE)o 2),PPP_DeInit(..) function%can%be%used%to%set%all%ppp s%peripheral%registers%to%their% reset%values: PPP_DeInit(PPPx)o 3)%If%after%peripheral%configuration,%the%user%wants%to%modify%one%or%more%peripheral% settings%he%should%proceed%as%following:% PPP_InitStucture.memberX%=%valXo PPP_InitStructure.memberY%=%valYo PPP_Init(PPPx,%&PPP_InitStructure)o 41 Using%the%Library%(2/4) At%this%stage%the%PPP%peripheral%is%initialized%and%can%be%enabled%by%making%a% call%to%ppp_cmd(..)%function:%ppp_cmd(pppx,%enable)o% Note:%This%function%is%used%only%for%communication%peripherals%like%UART,%% SPI,% To%access%the%functionality%of%the%PPP%peripheral,%the%user%can%use%a%set%of% dedicated%functions.%these%functions%are%specific%to%the%peripheral%and%for% more%details%refer%to%stm32f10x%firmware%library%user%manual. Example%of%GPIO Functions%available% 42

22 Using%the%Library%(3/4) UART1)configuration)example : /*)Enable)USART1)Clock)*/ RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd()USART1,)ENABLE )d) /*)set)all)uart1 s)peripheral)registers)to)their)reset)values)*/ USART_DeInit()USART1 ))d /*)USART1)configuration)AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA*/ /*)USART1)configured)as)follow: A BaudRate)=)19200)baud)) A Word)Length)=)8)Bits A One)Stop)Bit A Even)parity A Hardware)flow)control)disabled)(RTS)and)CTS)signals) A Receive)and)transmit)enabled */ USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate)=)9600d USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength)=)USART_WordLength_8bd USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits)=)USART_StopBits_1d USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity)=)USART_Parity_Evend USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl)=)USART_HardwareFlowControl_Noned USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode)=)USART_Mode_Rx )USART_Mode_Txd /*)Configure)USART1)*/ USART_Init()USART1,)&USART_InitStructure)d /*)Enable)USART1)*/ USART_Cmd()USART1,)ENABLE )d USART)1)is)ready)now) 43 Using%the%Library%(4/4) Files)to)be)modified)by)the)user:! stm32f10x_conf.h /*%Includes%JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ */ /*%Uncomment%the%line%below%to%enable%peripheral%header%file% inclusion%*/ /*%#include%"stm32f10x_adc.h"%*/ /*%#include%"stm32f10x_bkp.h"%*/ /*%#include%"stm32f10x_can.h"%*/! stm32f10x.h /*%Uncomment%the%line%below%according%to%the%target%STM32% device%used%in%your%%application%%%*/ #if%!defined%(stm32f10x_ld)%&&%!defined% (STM32F10X_MD)%&&%!defined%(STM32F10X_HD) /*%#define%stm32f10x_ld%*/%%%/*!<%stm32%low%density% devices%*/ #endif /*%STM32F10x%Interrupt%Number%Definition*/ EXTI0_IRQn%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=%6,%%/*!<%EXTI%Line0%Interrupt%*/%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% EXTI1_IRQn%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=%7,%%%/*!<%EXTI%Line1%Interrupt%*/%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% DMA1_Channel1_IRQn%%=%11,%/*!<%DMA1%Channel%1%global%Interrupt%*/! main.c #include%"stm32f10x.h int%main(void) {... GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOD,%GPIO_Pin_1,%Bit_SET)o }! stm32f10x_it.h /*%Exported%functions%JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ */ void%nmi_handler(void)o void%hardfault_handler(void)o! stm32f10x_it.c #include%"stm32f10x_it.h" void%exti1_irqhandler(void) { GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOD,%GPIO_Pin_1,%Bit_SET)o } 44