Mobile and Location Based Services

Transcription

1 Mobile and Location Based Services Anto Aasa PhD, researcher department of geography University of Tartu Estonia

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3 Eesti Capital: Tallinn Area: km 2 Population: 1.35 M Currency:

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5 Estonia is digital society

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7 Mobile and Location Based Services Why? Technology Influences Applications

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9 Mobile & Location Based Services

10 Passing the course: Lectures Literature Essay: Privacy concerns: myth or reality? Practical analysis & report: 1) Analysis of Call Detail Record data: German tourists in Estonia compared with Italian, French, and British tourists 2) GPS data based tourism trip analysis Deadline:???

11 Plan of Lectures: Date Time Topic Feb Introduction GIS for mobile and location based services Feb Positioning Technologies Location intelligence. Privacy. Crowd Sensing Feb Legislation Effects of ICT on worldview Feb LBS in tourism industry Futu

12 Location Based Services (LBS) Wikipedia (2012): LBS is an information or entertainment service, which is accessible with mobile devices through the mobile network and which uses information on the geographical position of the mobile device Wikipedia (2016, 2015): Location-based services (LBS) are a general class of computer program-level services that use location data to control features. Wikipedia (2018, 2017): A location-based service (LBS) is a software-level service that uses location data to control features.

13 Location-based service (LBS) Wikipedia 2019: a general class of policies in softwarelevel services that provide for accessing data, files, pipes, memory objects, streams and other or online services. Access policies are controlled by location data and/or time-of-day constraints, or a combination thereof. As such, an LBS is an information service and has a number of uses in social networking today as information, in entertainment or security, which is accessible with mobile devices through the mobile network and which uses information on the geographical position of the mobile device.

14 No LBS or bad LBS? Thank you, GPS

15 Contemporary society: Digital revolution Information society Digital society, Digital Citizen Digital divide Innovation Mobility growth Physical Virtual

16 Mobile society Compaction of time-space Virtual availability Widening of time-space Physical possibilities

17 Dispersion of communication networks Increase of communication distances

18 Time distance from London (1914)

19 Time distance from London (2016)

20 Physical distance is not always euclidean

21 Fragmentation of trip

22 Tallinn Relative distance connections & money München

23 Direct regular connections from Baltic capitals (2014)

24 Train connection FROM: Munich airport TO: University of Augsburg Distance: 95 km Train: 2h 11 min FROM: University of Tartu TO: Tallinn airport Distance: 181 km Train: 2h 5min

25 Internet speed from Tartu, Estonia

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27 putty 1995

28 Innovation speed

29 diffusion of the Internet

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31 Mobile phone penetration Internet penetration M-internet NMT & GSM Coverage area

32 EMT 3G coverage area, Dec 2011

33 EMT 4G coverage area, Dec 2011

34 EMT 4G coverage area, Jan 2015

35 Statistics Estonia

36 Clients of Cable TV, 1000

37 Clients of broadband Internet,

38 Digital divide 240% 220% 200% 180% 160% 140% 120% 100% Fixed phonesin urban areas, 1000 Fixed phones in rural areas, 1000

39 Public phones

40 Telegrams sent in Estonia Statistics Estonia

41 Internet users in EU

42 Data:

43 Internet users in World

44 Internet users, % Asia Europe Latin-America Africa North-America Central- East Oceania & Australia Andmed:

45 Internet users, %

46 Internet users, % Asia Europe Latin-America Africa North-America Central- East Oceania & Australia Andmed:

47 Location Based Services LBS Users location Find closest Friend Finder Weather forecast Route Alarms

48 Where is LBS?

49 Phenomenas related with people have usually same pattern with population distribution Distribution of world population

50 Earth at night

51 Availability ofelectric power:

52 Population living below national powerty line:

53 Life expectancy

54 Gini index Inequality of income in society. Corrado Gini, 1912

55 Big changes? Internet traffic in 2007 vs traffic routes in ca 1930

56 International phone calls

57 World air travel routes

58 Estonian road network 13th century

59 EENet magistral internet network

60 EENet magistral internet network 2015

61 Optical fiber (2015)

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63 Operation of LBS Many players Value chain of LBS is very fragmented Roles: subscriber, network, network operator, service provider, content provider

64 OracleAS Wireless location-based services

65 Value chain Mobile operator Network hardware Positioning system Database Data processing Data transmission GIS Spatial interpolation Analysis Application LBS user

66 Axel Küpper

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68 LBS content Information or message service Location based call forwarding LBS: proactive reactive

69 LBS applications Business initiative Info services Community services Traffic telematics Fleet management & logistics Mobile marketing Games

70 LBS applications Public initiative Emergency services Taxation Information

71 Examples of LBS 1. Rescue Board, emergency call location 2. Friend finder 3. Find nearest 4. Entertainment (games, dating) 5. Inspection (fleet management)

72 LBS 2015 Navigation Mapping & GIS Geomarketing & -advertising Safety & emergency Enterprise applications Sport Games & augmented reality Social networking

73 Apps > 70 per handheld device 50% never paid > $1 Download of location based apps 2014: 2.8 billions 2019: 7.5 billions

74 Size of app stores ca 2015 Google Play > Apple App Store Windows Store ~ Windows Phone Store > Amazon Appstore Blackberry World

75 Handheld devices with GNSS support: 2014: 3.1 billions 2017: 5.2 billions (many have more than one device)

76 Forecasted GNSS related market size in year 2025: Annual increase: +25%

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78 Slow start of LBS. Why? Price Spatial accuracy Usability No services?

79 Background Spatial technology is in mass consumption : Car navigation GNSS-Phones Interactive Internet maps => Rapid growth in public awarness about maps, mapping and spatial positioning

80 LBS Location context to the old service New service LBS development is slower than development of technology

81 Bottlenecks of the LBS High-quality location information Cost and availability of the infrastructure Integration of systems Usability

82 To overcome bottlenecks Development of positioning technics Cost-effective technology Standards!

83 To overcome bottlenecks II Context sensitivity Adaptation with user User modelling

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85 User profile IP adress (origin, service provider), user ID, Internet browser browser extensions, Display (resolution) Search keywords, click tracking Visit time, spent time

86 User s modelling Computer skills (e.g. typing speed) spatial literacy Usage of interactive applications...

87 Modelling Users background Cultural, Educational, Social background, Psychological,

88 Example of the user modelling

89 Modelling user

90 Google about me

91 LBSi architecture. Example

92 Adaptation with user Show/hide content Show more/less information Tips, recommendations Focusing on places interesting to users Recommendation of social content

93 Social component User profile instant messenger Friends Users catalog

94 LBS architecture

95 Life cycle of service?

96 Technological ground Fast development of mobile devices Display GNSS GPS A-GPS

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98 5110

99 GPS: selective availability

100 74% of smartphone users use LBS Smartphone penetration in USA 2011: 35% 2012: 46% 2013: 56% 2015: 75%

101 Web 2.0 user-generated content, usability, and interoperability Web 3.0 (semantic web): allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries Web 4.0: autonomous, proactive, contentexploring, self-learning, collaborative, and content-generating agents based on fully matured semantic and reasoning technologies as well as AI.

102 Qualitative growth of Internet

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104 Practical work Movement of tourists in Estonia. Data comes from an Estonian mobile operator and describes the patterns of calling activities made by roaming clients from 3 different countries. To avoid privacy violation, names of wild animals are used instead of the names of countries. We pretend that phone users were foxes, wolves and bears!

105 Population of France

106 Movement / communication patterns

107 ebola

108 DEVILLE et al (2014) Dynamic population mapping using mobile phone data /literature